Cities are the gateway to the country. Golden Gate

You can get into the territory of Mdina through three gates: City, Greek and New City, created in the 20th century by local residents to shorten the road to the bus station in Rabat, a suburb of Mdina.

Greek gates in the Middle Ages were used only by slaves. Cars are passing through now. local residents. All tourists enter Mdina through the City Gate, also called the Main or Vilena Gate. They were built in the Baroque style in 1724 according to the design of the chief architect of Mdina, the Frenchman Charles Francois de Mondion, who worked on many palaces in the city. The construction was sponsored by Grand Master Antoine Manuel de Vilhena. We can see his coat of arms on the outer facade of the gate. This gate appeared on the site of a medieval structure with a drawbridge. Due to the construction of the residence for Vilena, the entrance gate had to be moved to the left by a few meters. Such intervention in the fortification system of the city forced the architect to remake the medieval fortifications adjacent to the gates. The old Turri Mastra was replaced by the Torre della Standardo. The Mdina Main Gate is depicted on a commemorative silver coin with a denomination of 2 Maltese lira, minted in 1973. Also, they, along with the neighboring Torre dela Standardo, could be seen on a banknote of 5 Maltese lira, which was in circulation in 1989-2007.

In 2008, the gate was repaired by a section of the Repair Roads Department. Currently, the City Gate is one of the main tourist attractions of Mdina. Attentive viewer, who watched the series "Game of Thrones", recognizes this gate in the third episode of the first season, where they are presented as part of Lord Snow's castle.

The former gates with two attached guardhouses were built in 1759-1764. in the Baroque style, designed by the architect P. Paton, were located to the west, lost.
The existing gates were built in 1826-1829. designed by architect A. M. Gornostaev in connection with the expansion of the city.

Each visitor to the city of Lomonosov is greeted by a beautiful and majestic building - the arch of the city gates of Oranienbaum, built in a strict classical style.
The first city gates in Oranienbaum were built at the entrance to the palace settlement from St. Petersburg in 1762 according to the project of P. Yu. Paton in the form of a central arch and low outbuildings attached to it.
After finishing Patriotic War In 1812, active and already regulated construction began in Oranienbaum. Since 1815, under the leadership of the architect V.P. Stasov, the city began to expand and the old city gates were inside the city limits.

The beginning of the era of Nicholas I in Oranienbaum was marked by the dismantling of the old and the construction of new city gates in 1826–1829. The author of the project was the architect Alexei Maksimovich Gornostaev (1808–1862), who at that time was starting his creative way and worked in the style of classicism.
The Oranienbaum Gates were created as a triumphant monument to military glory - in honor of Russia's victory in the war of 1812. The work on the construction of the gate was continued by the architect Iosif Ivanovich Charlemagne I (1782-1861), the author of many buildings in Peterhof.

The architect Goronostaev subsequently became known as the author of projects for churches in the Russian-Byzantine style, in particular, in 1859, the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the Trinity - Sergius Hermitage (Strelna), St. Nicholas Skete on Valaam, and the Orthodox Assumption Cathedral in Helsinki. The burial place of the architect A. M. Gornostaev has been preserved in the desert cemetery, with a monument in the form of a large cross carved from stone, ancient form, which depicts the buildings of the architect.

The project of the gate provided for two two-story guardrooms connected by an arch with semicircular windows on the second tier.
In the 1930s, the guardhouses of the guards were turned into a garage, later, through passages were made, still memorable to the residents of Lomonosov.
During the war years, lines of defensive fortifications were created everywhere in the besieged Oranienbaum. The road from Peterhof to Oranienbaum was blocked by rows of concrete anti-tank gouges. Such a barrier line was also at the city gates. Four gouges have survived from it to this day - the memory of the heroic defense of the Oranienbaum bridgehead.

In 1998, work began on a comprehensive restoration of the gate. The project was developed in strict accordance with the original intent of the architect. To recreate the historical environment, the designers proposed to build a striped wooden guardhouse, a barrier and a decorative rack for rifles, characteristic of the first half of XIX century. In indoor areas The gate was supposed to house an exposition dedicated to the history of Oranienbaum during the Patriotic War of 1812.
Works on the foundation, walls, roofing, ceilings were completed, passages were laid and guardrooms were restored, in accordance with the lines of brickwork discovered during the restoration. It was supposed to install massive oak doors specially designed according to the author's drawings.
Restored from old photographs original drawing relief inserts in the upper part of the gate - images of military fittings as a symbol of victory. But during the work, the question of cost reduction arose, and reliefs made in the 1950s were installed, approximately resembling the original ones, but not exactly reproducing them.
The restoration project involved the restoration of the emblem of Oranienbaum above the gate, from the side of St. Petersburg, which was done exactly, and on the western facade, from the side of Lomonosov, the restoration of the over-gate icon of the Mother of God, who protected the city of Oranienbaum, but instead of it a standard decorative element was installed - a mask lion.
Restoration work in the interior has not been completed, they need to be completed, and further worthy use of the monument, for example, to create an exposition under the general title "Military Glory of Oranienbaum-Lomonosov."

City gate designated as a site cultural heritage federal significance.

Medieval Augsburg was surrounded by a fortress wall. There were five gates to enter the city.

Rybakov Gate (Fischertor), photo by Yuriy Volkov

Located on the northern outskirts of Augsburg. In the Middle Ages, they led to the fishing village of Senkelbach. built Fischertor in 1328 At the beginning XVII century the city wall was being reconstructed, and the architect Ellias Holl updated the Rybakov gate. In 1703 they were destroyed, they were restored by 1713. Fischertor acquired its modern look with a wide central opening and two side pedestrian arches in 1925.

Gate of Saint James

Gate of St. Jacob (Jakobertor), photo Stefan

Jakobertor - St. Jacob's Gate- retained their appearance from the XIV century. This brick building consists of a rectangular three-story base, an octagonal two-tier part and a hipped dome. The city guards were placed in the lower rooms of the tower.

An important route from Swabia to Bavaria passed through Jakobertor. In the Gothic opening and now there is a relief image Kaiser Sigismund a, and the western part of the building is crowned with the city coat of arms.

Gate of the bridge over the Wertach

Wertachbruckertor - Gate of the bridge over the Wertach- were built on the northwestern side of the city fortifications in 1370. Previously, there was a customs office. The gray building made of hewn stone was decorated with paintings at the beginning of the 15th century. Architect Ellias Holl in the 17th century built two more octagonal tiers on the tower. In 1805 he entered the city through these gates. Napoleon.

The restoration of the Wertachbrückertor was carried out in 1989 by the Augsburg guild of joiners and carpenters. After restoration, a sundial was installed on the tower.

red gate

South Red Gate (Rotes Tor), photo Stefan

Rotes Tor - South Red Gate, the oldest in Augsburg. They were built in 1187. On the way to Augsburg there was a small village called Haunstetten. In 1223 a customs post called Haunstetten Tor was opened. A route from Italy and Tyrol passed through it. The customs house burned down in the 14th century, and a new post and gate had to be built. The structure was covered with paintings in red tones, the upper part was gilded. After this, the gate was named Rotestor.

In 1604 the gate was demolished. The architect Ellias Holl created a new architectural ensemble and a gate with a red and white tower and bell tower. In 1929, the city authorities carried out the restoration of the Red Gate complex.

Fünfgratturm tower, photo by Renate Hildebrandt

Fünfgratturm tower (Fünfgratturm) - "Five-needle" tower, or tower of "Five skates", was built in the eastern part of the city in 1454. It was intended for night watch. IN Peaceful time artisans kept their tools there. The tower consisted of a main rectangular body covered with a hipped roof and framed by four round turrets on the sides.

Chestnut alley leads to the tower. Liked to walk on it Bertolt Brecht, who considered the Funfgratturm the most romantic place in the city. Not only the architecture of the tower has survived to our time, but also the frescoes in the interior.

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Gate development

Portals of Moscow churches of the 17th century

The prototype of the modern gate can be considered a stone, which ancient man blocked the entrance to his dwelling, fleeing from the cold, wild animals and raids of enemy tribes. Then a man began to build fences, an integral part of which became the gate. They were not distinguished appearance but were purely practical. At first, the gates were made from the most accessible and inexpensive material - wood. Later, the gates were covered with iron for decorative purposes. At that time, few could afford such a luxury - after all, iron was a rather expensive material. Then iron became cheaper, lighter alloys appeared. And simple wooden gates were replaced by reliable steel gates.

Red Gate (Moscow)

The gates created in distant antiquity were very different from modern gates. Rather, they were simply "large entrances" in the stone structures of that time. Later, already in the XI century AD, on the territory Ancient Rus' arched gates, consisting of two stone vertical columns and an arch connecting them, gained popularity. Such gates were called by the popular word "portal". In the Middle Ages, almost all castles were surrounded by a moat, and the gate, going down, served as a bridge leading to the city. Such gates were distinguished by their relative technical complexity. Just they can be considered as the first, if not automatic, but semi-automatic gates.

The city gates in Russia served not only to let people and goods into and out of the city, but were oriented to the cardinal points and were used for religious ceremonies. For example, at the Red Gate in Moscow they met and saw off Maslenitsa, pancakes were popularly eaten. And in Russian villages, the gates had their own roof and were bolted from the inside. Through them, they imported various products, all kinds of goods necessary to maintain the life of a peasant house. As a rule, in peasant estates there were two gates: front, decorated with carvings, and rear, which usually went out into the garden.

Automatic gates

Automatic gates- this is a movable enclosing structure of a wall or fence opening, equipped with an electric drive, a control unit and a system for organizing vehicle access to a room or territory.

Types of automatic gates

Equipping ordinary gates with a modern electric drive with an electronic control unit turns them into a high-tech intelligent actuator that perfectly integrates into common system access control, security and life support of the facility. Moreover, if for domestic use automatic gates are, first of all, comfort and safety, then for industrial use, in addition to this, there is also an increase in labor productivity, and sometimes a direct technological necessity.

There are many types of gates that can be classified according to various parameters.

According to the place of use, two types are most often distinguished: garage and street automatic gates. Garage doors are designed to organize the arrival of vehicles in enclosed spaces: garages, car washes, service stations, warehouses, workshops, etc.

Street or, as they are also called, entrance gates are most often installed in the opening of the fence. Thus, the street gate is a movable part of the fence, designed to solve the problems of controlling the access of vehicles to any isolated land plot, for example, the territory of an industrial facility, a warehouse complex, household plots, etc.

According to the method of movement when opening and filling the leaf, automatic garage doors are divided into: - sectional, - rolling, - lifting and turning,

and street gates - on: - hinged, - retractable gates.

Sectional doors are the most common type of garage automatic gate. The leaf of sectional doors is made of horizontal sections. Most often, web sections are made from sandwich panelsfilled with polyurethane foam. It is possible to make sectional doors with a wicket door and/or panoramic windows. The surface of the sandwich panels can be decorated to look like a tree and have embossing (panel). In a separate subtype of sectional doors, panoramic doors can be distinguished, the sections of which are made of transparent acrylic (glazing coefficient, i.e. the share of the transparent part in the total area, up to 90%), framed by an aluminum profile.

Rolling gates (rolling gates) similar to roller shutters: when opened, they roll up over the opening. The door leaf can be made of aluminum or steel lamellas, with or without rigid polyurethane foam filling. Rolling gates are not used to organize entry into heated premises. It is possible to use perforated slats (rolled gratings). A separate subtype of roller shutters is made up of high-speed film doors with a "soft" PVC leaf.

swing gate are traditional type street gates, easily fitting into the finished fence. The frame and supporting structure of swing gates are usually made of rolled metal, and colored profiled sheets, sandwich panels, wooden crates or artistic forging are used as sheathing elements.

Sliding gates It is convenient to use when space is limited near the gate. The gate itself can have a different design - with a lower guide rail, suspended with an upper rail or cantilever type (suspended without a top rail). The most convenient is the last type of sliding gate listed.

Sometimes classification of gates according to their purpose is used: depending on the intensity of use and overall dimensions, domestic and industrial gates are distinguished.

Domestic include automatic gates installed for individual use (private garages, houses, cottages). They are characterized by relatively small size (up to 10-12 m?) and a small number of opening-closing cycles per day (up to 10-15). All other gates are of industrial type. Industrial doors are mainly designed for more intensive use (warehouse conditions or industrial production) and are usually large in size.

Notes

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• faucet gate
• Gates of the Arctic

See what "Gate (entry)" is in other dictionaries:

gates- turn from the gate, at the gate. Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. gate portal, gate, curtain, gate, gate, fly, strait, toran, propylaea, codpiece, gate, mouth, ... ... Synonym dictionary

entry- input, input, entry, access; auto entry, immigration, entry Dictionary of Russian synonyms. entry n., number of synonyms: 7 auto entry (1) ... Synonym dictionary

entry- A; m. 1. to Enter (1 3 digits). Right to c. B. within the border zone. V. is prohibited. 2. The place where they enter where l. The bus station is located at the entrance to the city. ◁ Entrance, oh, oh. In the th gate. In th visa (giving the right to enter another country, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Gate of Toledo- (Puerta de Toledo) ... Wikipedia

gates- noun, pl., use often Morphology: pl. What? gate, (no) what? gate, why? gate, (see) what? gate what? gate, about what? about gates 1. A gate is a wide passage or passage to some kind of room or to a fenced in wall or fence ... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

Zaborovsky Gate- Landmark Zaborovsky Gate ... Wikipedia