Little Holland Museum. Introduction

The history of Amsterdam begins in 1275, when two poor fishermen settled on the banks of the Amstel River. It is from this time to the present day that the expositions of the Museum of the History of Amsterdam tell. The museum building was built in 1414 as a monastery of St. Lucia, and in 1578-1960. served as a city orphanage. In the 17th century, it was expanded and reconstructed according to the design of Hendrik de Keyser and Jacob van Kampen, the famous Dutch architects of the Golden Age, and in 1976, after repairs, the collection of the Historical Museum was placed here.

This kind of museum actually appeared back in 1995, when Henk Schiffmacher, an artist, writer, traveler and, of course, a tattoo artist, opened a tattoo shop. The idea to open a museum appeared due to the fact that during his travels a huge amount of materials related to this ancient art had accumulated. Offers to exhibit the collection in other museums were met with refusal. But the museum was nevertheless opened on November 5, 2011, despite the hidden rejection on the part of the authorities, but a year later, on November 20, 2012, the museum was closed on charges of financial fraud hired by Henk. The rented premises and its entire collection were seized.

This small private museum does not appear among the sights of Amsterdam, and it did not make it into the itineraries of standard excursions either. However, the inhabitants of the city know about it, although few people come here. This is a museum of cats, or in the translation "Cat's Cabinet" (De Kattenkabinet). Why excursions bypass it can be speculated upon learning a little more about it.

Someone talks about this place in Amsterdam as a club-museum, someone as an exciting attraction. Indeed, this is no ordinary museum. This is the Heineken beer museum. Its history is inseparable from the history of this world-famous brand of respected drink. And the appearance in 1988 of the museum, whose expositions now occupy more than 3000 m2 and 4 floors in the building where the breweries were located, is a logical continuation of the history of the famous brand.

Now few people know that Amsterdam was once the largest port in the world, and Holland had the largest merchant fleet. And it is not surprising that it was in Amsterdam that the second largest maritime museum appeared. It was officially opened on April 13, 1973 by Princess Beatrix and housed in a building that is itself one of the exhibits of the museum.

There is always a queue! Still would! After all, this is one of the 14 branches of the famous wax museum Madame Tussauds, which opened for the first time in 1835 on Baker Street in London, and here in Amsterdam, since 1971, the first of its branches has been operating. Now it is located in the heart of the city on Dam Square, where it moved in 1991.

The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam has a large collection of paintings by the famous artist. There are about 200 of them in this museum. In addition, here you can get acquainted with 500 of his drawings and written documents related to the life and work of the master, presented in chronological order.

The Museum Card (Museumkaart) is an annual subscription that entitles you to an unlimited number of visits to almost 400 museums in Holland, including 35 in Amsterdam. This card is more for local residents than for tourists. However, anyone can buy it.

What is the price museum map?

• Museum card for adults – €64.90 for 1 year
• Museum card for children under 18 – €32.45 for 1 year

Attention! At the beginning of 2016 the rules for selling cards have changed. Now, when buying a card in the museum, they issue a temporary paper card. It is valid for 31 days. You can use immediately after purchase. But before the expiration of the 31-day period, you need to register it online - and you will be sent a permanent plastic card. Send them out only to a Dutch postal address. If the card is not registered online, it will be lost.

And once again attention! As of March 10, 2018, the rules have changed again. Now the temporary card is valid for 31 days and entitles you to visit a maximum of five museums .

In the photo: an old-style museum map (in the foreground) and a new one

What museums can I visit with this card?

• Full list of museums in Amsterdam(including Anne Frank House Museum, Nemo Museum, Van Gogh Museum, Rijksmuseum, Stedelijk Museum)
• Complete list of museums throughout Holland, a total of about 400. The list on the site is sorted by province.

Where can I buy a museum card?

You can buy the card at many museums participating in this program, including the Rijksmuseum, the Stedelijk Museum, the Hermitage, Novaya and .

How to use the museum card?

Once you buy a card from the museum, you can use it right away. Then, within 31 days, the card must be registered online: indicate your name, surname, gender, date of birth, upload a passport photo. Thus, the permanent museum will be nominal, and only the owner himself can use it.

In the museum, you just need to show the card at the entrance (usually to the employee at the ticket office, and at the Rijksmuseum to the security guard at the entrance). There, your card will be scanned - and either they will give you a paper ticket, or they will simply let you into the museum.

Does the museum card entitle you to skip the line?

Yes, in, and the Hermitage. For skip-the-line entry to the Van Gogh Museum, you need to book your time online (it's free).

In the Anne Frank House Museum, which is famous for the longest lines in Amsterdam, the museum card holders can also use one trick. To do this, you need to go to the museum's website and book a visit for a specific time. You will need to pay €0.50 for the online booking itself, and show the map at the entrance - and skip the line and for free.

How many times can I visit museums with this card?

You can visit museums unlimited number of times during a year.

Should I buy a museum card?

For those who live in the Netherlands or often come to visit, you can not even think about buying - and immediately take it! And for travelers, the arithmetic is simple: the price of an entrance ticket to the main museums - Stedelijk, the Hermitage, NEMO - is 16.50 euros or more. It turns out that your purchase will pay off after visiting four museums.

Alternatively, you may want to consider buying:

• amsterdam maps, it gives you the right to enter many museums in Amsterdam and Haarlem + free transport + canal cruise + many discounts)
• , which operates in many cities in Holland, gives the right to enter many museums + many discounts ( full list opportunities - ). When you buy a Holland Pass online, you can buy a train day pass at a very good price (19 euros) as a bundle.
• combi-tickets to museums which are cheaper than individual tickets.

Have a great time in Amsterdam!

The information in the article is current as of 01/15/2018. The above prices are subject to change.

Introduction

Holland is a small country with enormous artistic wealth.

Today it is a country of highly developed industry and intensive agriculture. The wings of windmills, familiar to us from countless paintings by old masters, are motionless. The mills have become a picturesque detail of the flat landscape on the sides of the modern freeway. The Dutch are characterized by the desire not only to preserve antiquity, but also to use it. Here they know how to settle down with modern comfort in a 17th-century house, and there are many of them. Some cities (for example, Haarlem, Leiden, Delft) could be turned into museums of old architecture, but this is not happening. They are cherished, appreciated, supported and continue to live in them. The past is not lost in the ghostly distance of centuries, but is part of the modern practical life. Government offices of the country are located in the medieval residence of the Dutch counts in The Hague, converted for this purpose three hundred years ago. The Amsterdam Royal Palace for ceremonial receptions is the building of the city hall, built in the middle of the 17th century by the famous architect van Kampen.

In the view of foreigners, Holland is a country of canals, tulips and Rembrandt. Rembrandt's work is an exceptional phenomenon, in many respects opposed to the flow of works of his Dutch contemporaries. And yet it constitutes the pinnacle, the crest of an extraordinarily wide wave. Perhaps nowhere and never did painting become as widespread as in Holland in the 17th century. In all museums of the world devoted to Western European art, the Dutch section is one of the richest. This small country has thrown tens of thousands of paintings onto the world art market, but there are still a great many of them at home. To this day, Amsterdam is one of the international centers of the antique trade. For three and a half centuries, huge art treasures were sold here, magnificent collections were created and again disintegrated. However, Dutch museums, with their remarkable collections, only emerged in the 19th century. The reasons for this should be sought in the history of the country and in a kind of "domestic" attitude towards antiquity and art. If in others European countries paintings were primarily the property of the royal or princely palace, then in Holland of the 17th century the finest, highly professional paintings found their way into the homes of not only wealthy burghers, but also artisans and even peasants. They served as part of everyday life and as a way to place capital; the owner died, and the heirs sold them.

Constantly being in Dutch homes, the paintings educated the eye and taste of people, shaped their attitude towards art.

Watching museum visitors in The Hague or Rotterdam, you soon notice that a group of brightly dressed elderly American women is sure to listen to the guide; French or Italians, casting absent-minded glances around, are deeply convinced in their souls that there is nothing better in the world than their own French or Italian art. Serious young German students studied in advance scientific literature and are now looking for illustrations to their knowledge. But a Dutchman comes up to the picture, leading a boy of ten years old by the hand; they stand in silence for a long time in front of a silver still life by Willem Heda and then quietly leave. They don't need a tour guide. They do not need words at all, they are accustomed not to hear about painting, but to see painting. Perhaps this skill is more widespread in Holland than in other countries. Here it constitutes a feature of culture associated with the peculiarities of the national character.

There is no doubt that there is a deep interdependence between artistic perception and the traditional Dutch understanding of the poetry of domestic life, the inconspicuous beauty of simple things. Both are the product of the history of the Dutch people with its peculiar interweaving of heroism and burgher narrow-mindedness. Its stages determine both the ways of art gathering and the formation of public art collections - museums.

The turning point in the history of the country is the Dutch revolution at the end of the 16th century. About a century and a half before her, the Burgundian dukes, who belonged to the younger branch of the French royal house of Valois, united under their rule the feudal principalities in the territory of modern Holland and Belgium. All this territory was known under the name "Lowlands" (Netherlands). The Dutch principalities, located at the crossroads of European trade routes, had much in common before. After the unification, the features of the national culture begin to take shape here, and the southern part of the country is the leader both economically and culturally. At the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century, as a result of dynastic marriages, the Netherlands came under the rule of the Spanish Habsburgs. Powerful uprisings against economic and political oppression precede the national liberation war that broke out in 1566. This war was called "eighty years" by Dutch historians, since peace with Spain was finally concluded only in 1648, but its main results were already clear by early XVII centuries.

The national demands of the rebels were intertwined with socio-economic and religious ones. The struggle against Spanish domination soon turned into the first bourgeois revolution in world history. Brutally suppressed in the Southern Netherlands, the revolution in the North led to the creation of a new independent state - the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. Among these provinces (North Brabant, Utrecht, Groningen, etc.), Holland stands out in terms of its economic development, its naval power, and, consequently, its political significance. No wonder we are accustomed to extend the name of this province to the whole country, using it on a par with the modern official name "Kingdom of the Netherlands". The commercial bourgeoisie of Holland began to play a leading role in the new state. Its wealth and power were built on the cruel exploitation of the masses, and yet it was the patriotism of the people that more than once saved the independence of the country during the endless wars with Spain, and later with England. The Dutch merchants had a powerful navy; they not only led a wide international trade, but also captured colonies in Asia, Africa, South America plundering and destroying the local population.

Peter Aartsen, Adoration of the Shepherds, detail

The seventeenth century was the "golden age" of Holland. An advanced small country briefly became one of the most powerful powers in the world. Science and art, above all painting, reached a brilliant flowering.

Among the states of absolutist Europe of that time, the bourgeois Republic of the United Provinces stood out for the comparative democratism of its social and political life and culture. In the fight against the stronghold of Catholicism - Spain - the Dutch proclaimed Protestantism the state religion, but about half of the population remained Catholic. Tolerance did not mean equality: Catholics were forbidden to hold public worship. The churches were turned into Protestant churches. Protestantism forbids praying to religious images, so the wall paintings were covered with whitewash, paintings and sculptures were either removed from the church or destroyed.

At the head of the troops of the republic were stadtholders. By tradition, this position became hereditary in the family of the Princes of Orange-Nassau. Stadtholders from the house of Orange fought for power with the top of the burghers. They either managed to expand their influence in the state, or they had to retreat into the background.

In 1795 French troops occupied Holland. The stadtholders fled. Later, Napoleon proclaimed the country a kingdom and put his brother Louis on the throne. The death of the Napoleonic empire elevated to the throne the returned dynasty of Orange, which has survived to this day.

This historical canvas allows us to understand much about the development of art and collecting.

In the Middle Ages, here, as in the rest of Europe, churches and monasteries possessed collections of all kinds of rarities and valuables, which were decorated on the altar on major holidays. Many of these items were wonderful works of art - most often applied. Only an insignificant part of these riches has survived to this day, in Holland they have survived even less than in other European countries. Recall that at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, Protestantism destroyed the relics of Catholic churches here. To the people of that time, the creations of medieval art seemed crude and ugly; having lost the significance of religious relics, they generally lost all value and perished.

By this time, there is the first case when a work of art - however, only in fragments - was saved from destruction precisely because of the interest in its artistic qualities. However, it was not about the ancient, but about the modern work. In 1566, a wave of uprisings swept through the country, taking the form of iconoclasm; the rebels destroyed religious images in Catholic churches. Altar paintings, most recently executed by the artist Peter Aartsen and aroused the admiration of contemporaries, perished in Amsterdam. Only a fragment of one of them - "The Adoration of the Shepherds", striking with an unusually convincing image of a bull, was sawn out of a wooden board on which the picture was written, and transferred to the town hall. It is now in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

In Holland, the first major works to become public property were group portraits. Since the Middle Ages, the defense of cities has been the responsibility of citizens. The city militia consisted of rifle guilds, which, like other guilds, had their own building. From the beginning of the 16th century, members of the Dutch shooting guilds began to commission their group portraits. The largest number of such portraits was painted in Amsterdam and is in the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum. The earliest of these were painted by local artist Cornelis Antonissen (Tönissen). Usually the surface of his paintings is densely filled with half-figures of shooters. They are arranged in rows, rising one above the other, instead of being arranged one after the other in accordance with the rules of perspective. However, the sad helplessness of the overall composition is more than offset by the specificity of individuals. The Amsterdam burghers are depicted here with genuine authenticity; their faces are rough, sometimes ugly, but full of energy, will, confidence. Neither the artist nor the clients strive for idealization, and they are quite right in believing that - such as they are - they are able to stand up for themselves and inspire respect for others. One of the manifestations of the persistent, energetic self-affirmation of the Dutch burghers are these group portraits.

Every year, the rifle guilds changed officers and held a banquet in honor of those who had served their time (later, in the 17th century, this happened every three years). As early as 1533, Cornelis Tönissen tried to make such a feast the main motif of a group portrait. Subsequently, this theme will become the core of the paintings of Frans Hals full of easy fun. Cornelis Tönissen's arrows are depicted in sedentary poses; they look at the viewer, not paying attention to the set table. The artist still does not know how to combine them, subordinating them to a common plot action, a general high spirits, as Hals would do almost a hundred years later. And yet, in the early picture, there is some kind of internal relationship between the depicted people, thanks to which they seem to be a single team. Several decades will pass, and this corporate spirit of the Dutch burghers, the ability to fight together for common interests, will play a role in the turbulent events of the revolution.

The shooters ordered their portraits at their own expense and paid for them in a clubbing. This was the case in the sixteenth and XVII centuries. Documentary evidence has been preserved that the commissioners of the group portrait of the rifle company of Captain Frans Banning Cock (the famous "Night Watch") paid Rembrandt about a hundred gold pieces in 1642 - some a little less, others a little more, depending on the place they were assigned to in the picture . The finished picture was hung in the hall of the building of the shooting guild, it became the property of the guild.

Subsequently, with the development of military technology, shooting societies give way to professional hired soldiers.

Already in the 17th century, these societies did not play a significant role in hostilities and turned into a kind of clubs for the joint entertainment of burghers. They were abolished in the 18th century. Their property, including group portraits, became the property of city magistrates and remains so to this day. So, group portraits of Rembrandt " The night Watch” and “Syndics of the Cloth Workshop” are formally the property of the city of Amsterdam and transferred to the Rijksmuseum (a museum owned by the state, not the city) only for temporary use.

Cornelis Toenissen. Banquet of seventeen members of the shooting guild. 1533

From shooting corporations, the custom of ordering group portraits was adopted by other public associations - trade, industrial, charitable. Portraits of shop foremen, trustees of charitable institutions, doctors, etc. began to appear. They were intended to decorate the buildings of shops and corporations, almshouses and shelters, and later became the property of cities and ended up in museums.

Corporate portraits are a characteristic product of the Republican Holland. Such an order was the most honorable and responsible task that a Dutch artist of the 17th century could receive. These are the largest monuments of art that form the basis of the national artistic heritage. Fortunately, by virtue of the conditions of their origin, they became public property, usually remained in the city for whose inhabitants they were written, and only in the rarest cases left the country. These portraits are a purely Dutch source of replenishment of public art collections, almost uncharacteristic of other countries.

On the other hand, there were no other sources of large-scale art collecting, characteristic of the absolutist countries of Europe, there was no royal court and powerful aristocracy, for whom the accumulation of art values ​​served as one of the ways to assert their prestige. Recall that this is how the richest museums of France (Louvre), Austria (Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna) and Tsarist Russia (the Hermitage) arose. In Catholic countries, the largest artistic commissions often came from the church. Having become an object of worship, a painting or sculpture was carefully preserved even when the artistic taste changed and the "secular" interest in them as works of art disappeared.

In Holland there was neither royal collecting nor church patronage. Very significant private collections sometimes arose here, but, as already mentioned, they disintegrated with the death of the collector. Usually only family portraits were preserved in burgher houses from generation to generation. Sometimes they were the works of great artists and, finally, in the 19th or 20th centuries, the next owner, with the consent of relatives, donated them to the museum.

The only large collection in republican Holland that was constantly replenished and passed from generation to generation was the collection of stadtholders. In the 17th century, it consisted mainly of family portraits and decorative paintings that served to decorate palaces. In the 18th century, the stadtholders William IV and especially William V bought paintings by the Dutch masters of the previous century, guided by their artistic merit. Following the example of burgher collectors, they create what, since the end of the 16th century, has been called in the Netherlands the "art cabinet" (Kunstkabinet).

In 1795, French troops enter Holland. Pictures from the Hague "cabinet" of William V were sent to Paris, like art treasures from neighboring Flanders, Italy, etc. The unsent part of the collection is sold out. However, in other palaces of Orange, there are still many paintings left. In these years of great change and military devastation, paintings could often be bought for pennies. The idea arose to create in the Batavian Republic (as Holland was then called) a public museum, like the Louvre in Paris. And in 1800, the National Art Gallery was opened in Huis-ten-Bosch (“The House in the Forest” - the former summer residence of the Orange), and a year later its first short catalog was published.

In 1808, King Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte decided to move from the traditional residence of the Orange Hague to Amsterdam. Here, at his service was a magnificent palace - the majestic building of the town hall. Officials of the city government were hastily expelled from it, but there was nowhere to put the paintings that were in one of the halls on the second floor. These were old group portraits led by the Night Watch. And the king graciously agreed to live under the same roof with a huge Rembrandt canvas.

By order of Louis Napoleon, the Royal Museum is created in the palace, to which the city of Amsterdam transfers its eight large group portraits. Paintings from the former National Art Gallery are also transported there. Museum director Cornelis Apostol acquires for him works from private collections. In 1809, the Apostle publishes a catalog that describes 459 paintings.

In 1810, King Louis renounces the throne at the request of his powerful brother, and the Netherlands is included in France. The government of Emperor Napoleon, of course, is not interested in the Amsterdam Museum, there are no more funds for acquisitions. The paintings continue to hang peacefully in their places. There they are found by the son of the once exiled Stadtholder William V of Orange, who returned to Amsterdam in 1813. Soon he becomes king of the Netherlands under the name of William I. new king does not want to endure a museum under his roof. Trippenhuis, a mansion built in 1660–1662 by architects F. and J. Wingbons for the iron merchants of the Trip brothers, becomes the museum's premises. The building is remodeled inside, adapting for a new purpose, and in 1817 the Rijksmuseum (State Museum) was opened in it.

In the meantime, it was possible to achieve the return from France of most (but by no means all) of the art treasures exported in the previous two decades. Basically, these were paintings from the “art cabinet” of William V. They formed the core of the new museum, opened in January 1822 in The Hague. It is located in the graceful and majestic Mauritshuis ("Maurits House"), built in 1633-1644 according to the plans of van Kampen for Prince Maurits (Moritz), one of the members of the Orange family. The name of the building was transferred to the museum. Its official name still retains the words "royal painting cabinet", despite the fact that it is the property of the Dutch state, and not the royal family.

IN early XIX century, a resident of Utrecht, a certain Mr. Boymans, collected an extensive collection of paintings. It was rumored that he often buys things of low quality, and even supplies them with fake signatures of famous artists. Therefore, the burgomaster of Utrecht did not heed the proposal of Boymans, who wished to sell his collection to the city. The collector was offended, and when he died in 1847, it turned out that he bequeathed his collection not to Utrecht, but to the city of Rotterdam, on the condition that a museum named after him be created there. This is how the Boijmans Museum appeared in Rotterdam. Of the 1,193 paintings he bequeathed, only 239 were deemed worthy. museum exposition. In 1864, there was a fire in the museum building, much burned down, but part of the original collection has survived to this day.

Following the example of large cities, he decided to found a museum and a magistrate of Harlem. This was not difficult: the city has long owned a large number of paintings, mainly group portraits, including a series of brilliant works by Frans Hals. They formed the core of the meeting and determined its character. In 1862 the museum was opened.

Unlike the Rijksmuseum and the Mauritshuis, the museums in Rotterdam and Haarlem do not belong to the state, but to the city. They are not subordinate to the government, but to the city magistrate, and this noticeably affects the conditions of their existence and the nature of the meetings. The Rotterdam Museum is an exception among city museums in terms of the diversity of collections and the scope of exhibition activities. In Harlem, the works of artists who worked in this city predominate. Here the visitor can get an idea of ​​the development of the local - and not national, as in the Rijksmuseum - art school. This composition of collections is typical for many museums that exist today in Dutch cities. Most often, they contain materials on the history of the city and paintings, and the latter are also partially of historical rather than artistic interest. But in almost each of these museums there are a number of works that have not local, but national and even world artistic value. So, in the Leiden City Museum there is one of the largest creations Dutch painting XVI century - the famous altar triptych of Luke of Leiden depicting the Last Judgment.

Dutch museums were founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries on the initiative of the local intelligentsia. In fact, this also applies to the Rijksmuseum and the Mauritshuis, despite the fact that their existence was once confirmed by decrees of the kings Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and William I of Orange. The current state of both collections differs sharply from the original both in terms of volume and quality of works. Over the past hundred years, the Dutch museum collections have been intensively enriched by private donations. Sometimes paintings are donated, sometimes money to purchase them. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Rembrandt Society was founded - an organization to raise funds for museum purchases. Most of the major acquisitions are now taking place with her help.

After World War II, the so-called State Distribution Service arose. works of art. The Dutch government took care of the return of art treasures taken to Germany, belonging to both museums and private individuals. Some of the returned collections did not find their owners, who died during the war years. These collections are state fund, which transfers works for the use of museums.

The collections of museums that developed in the 19th century consisted almost exclusively of works by masters of the 17th century - the "golden age" of Dutch painting. In the 1880-1890s, museums were headed by prominent scientists who laid the foundations for the modern study of Dutch art, Obreen, Bredius, and somewhat later Schmidt-Degener. A scientifically substantiated expansion of collections begins in the direction that is most justified for a given museum.

Acquired works are not only the largest, but also especially rare, interesting masters"golden age", sections of the Dutch art of the XV-XVI and XVIII-XIX centuries are formed. Appear - however, in a relatively small number - the work of foreign masters: old Italians, new French. New museums dedicated to the art of the 19th and 20th centuries are springing up in Amsterdam and The Hague. Outstanding collections of prints and drawings are being put together. Archaeological excavations are underway - primarily in the southeastern part of the country, which flourished during the era of Roman rule and early medieval. The ancient center of this area, the city of Nijmegen, has a collection of the most interesting antique and medieval antiquities. Finally, the remarkable ethnographic collections of the museum at the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam are undoubtedly of high artistic value.

Not being able to dwell on all these museum collections, we will limit ourselves to four of them. These are the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Mauritshuis in The Hague, the Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem and the Boijmans-van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam.

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We indicated the approximate location of the apartments that we liked. You can find out the exact address of the apartment only after you book it.

Rijksmuseum

Rembrandt and the Dutch masters in the city's main museum

No matter what streets and canals of Amsterdam you walk along, at some point you will definitely find yourself on the Museum Square. Here is the main photo symbol of the city - the huge letters I Amsterdam, and here are the main museums that form the golden triangle of the Museum Square - the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum and the museum contemporary art Stedelijk. Of these three, perhaps the most important - if you are in Amsterdam for one day, then this is the museum you need to go to.

The Rijksmuseum was closed for renovation for 10 years and reopened in 2013 with the pomp inherent in such an event - fireworks, an orchestra and the blessing of the Queen of the Netherlands. In addition to paintings by Rembrandt and the legendary Night Watch, there are paintings by old Dutch masters, Jan van Eyck, Goya, Vermeer, a collection of Delft porcelain and relatively modern art. Also, the museum has a very beautiful library where you can go to take a break and touch old books, and a huge souvenir shop, which you can get into without even buying a ticket to the main exposition. From there you definitely will not leave without postcards, badges, magnets and other nice souvenirs.

Van Gogh Museum

Large strokes about the life of the master

"Sunflowers", "Irises", "Potato Eaters", "Bedroom" - all these paintings hang in Amsterdam, where the largest collection of the artist's works is collected - about 200 paintings, 400 drawings and 700 letters (you can see those same letters to brother Theo right here). During his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting, but now you can even buy socks with the image of sunflowers in the museum. The gift shop sells thousands of Van Gogh books, reproductions of his work, scarves, ties, mugs, umbrellas and anything imaginable inspired by the artist's drawings. Tickets can (and should!) be bought in advance on the site, unless, of course, you want to spend several hours in a queue that steadily builds up at the entrance every day.

Stedelijk

Modern art in a giant bath

The huge bathtub that stands in the middle of the city is a building in the Netherlands. Like the Rijksmuseum, the Stedelijk was closed for restoration for almost 10 years, but is now fully operational. The space of the permanent exhibition houses timeless paintings by Picasso, Warhol, Mondrian, Monet and other European and American artists of the 20th century. It is interesting that it is in Stedelijk that the largest outside former USSR collection of works by Malevich. There is also enough space for exhibitions that regularly replace each other: now an exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary is open in the Stedelijk artistic group De Stijl, an exhibition by the French artist and sculptor Jean Dubuffet, and a series of photo and video installations. On the ground floor there is an excellent bookstore that sells books on the history of modern art, museology, and theater history. You can buy a couple and sit down in a cozy restaurant on the ground floor.

Anne Frank Museum

living memory

There is on the Calvert Canal - in this house Anne Frank wrote her diary during the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam. Anne Frank is a girl from a Jewish family who died in the Belsen concentration camp, but managed to leave a detailed description of life in the shelter in which her family had to hide. For two years Anna wrote letters to her fictitious girlfriend Kitty, talking about how they spend their days in secret rooms behind a large closet. Now you can get into these rooms and try to imagine how people lived, forced to be undercover for several years. The museum's exposition contains many materials about the Holocaust and fascism, and in terms of the emotional background, a visit to this museum is comparable to a visit to the Jewish Museum in Berlin and Yad Vashem in Jerusalem.

Miriam Bulars

Airbnb host apartments in Amsterdam

Michelin-starred restaurant at the Rijksmuseum

The Rijksmuseum not only has a wonderful collection, but also a Michelin-starred restaurant. The restaurant is staffed by famous chefs from all over the world, and you need to reserve a table for lunch or dinner in advance. Fortunately, next to the famous restaurant there is a simpler cafe - several espresso bars and places where you can have a bite to eat without prior reservation of a table.

Van Gogh on a bike

If you want to see more of Van Gogh's paintings, including the famous "Night Café" painting, then head to an hour's drive from Amsterdam. The museum is located in the National Park De Hoge Veluwe, where you can spend the whole day cycling from one art object to another.

History of trade and ships

Museum, which I always recommend with pleasure -. The museum itself is located inside the ship, and there you can learn about how in the 16th-17th centuries Europeans mastered navigation, traded with each other and invented new ship models.

Breakfast with Rembrandt

Once a year, on Rembrandt's birthday (July 15), the Rijksmuseum organizes a gala breakfast serving traditional Dutch food - a haring (young herring) bun. It is believed that Rembrandt once started his day this way.

Nemo

Science ship near the train station

The name refers to Jules Verne's novel "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea": the building itself is big ship filled with scientific interactive exhibits. This science center is an ideal place for adults and children who constantly itch hands - a museum in which you can not only touch, but must touch all the exhibits. Create electricity, learn how sounds are formed, what fractals are, where colors come from, how puberty happens, how people are affected by drugs, and save Schrödinger's cat - you can do it all yourself, traveling from one deck of this ship of science to another. Several times a day, a spectacular scientific performance takes place in Nemo - one small element, launched by a volunteer, sets in motion a whole system of objects, and this chain reaction does not stop for several minutes. In the summer, a large terrace with a cafe is open on the top floor of the museum.

micropia

microbial zoo

The first in the world is next door to a real zoo, but it features those that you will never see with the naked eye - millions of bacteria, microbes and even viruses. The whole museum is built on the principle of a secret laboratory, where you are a scientist collecting his collection of microbes. Instead of cages and aviaries, this zoo has microscopes through which you can observe the life of these little creatures. You can get scanned and find out how many germs are on you right now (spoiler: several billion!), make sure that during the kiss you and your partner exchange 1 million germs, and see how much life is actually on your combs, toothbrushes And soft toys. After visiting this museum-laboratory, you understand that loneliness does not need to be feared - in fact, you are never alone.

Hermitage

Hello from Petersburg

Petersburg is Russian Amsterdam, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that a branch of the largest Russian museum is located here. Exhibitions are regularly held, formed from exhibits the Great Hermitage- for example, Dutch masters from the St. Petersburg collection, the largest collection of Dutch art outside the country, are now exhibiting. The museum also has permanent exhibitions - one tells the history of the Amstelhof building, where the Hermitage is now located (it was built in 1681, and Peter I could see this building when he visited Holland!), And about the history of relations between Russia and Holland.

Historical Museum Amsterdam

How the village on the river became the capital

It is believed that Amsterdam was founded in 1275 - it is from this time that its history begins to tell. This is a museum about how a small settlement on the river Amstel grew into the largest city in Holland. The most valuable artifacts, archaeological finds, documents, national Dutch costumes, furniture, household items and a lot of interactive exhibits related to the modern life of the city are collected here - for example, you can learn everything about the prerequisites for the legalization of drugs and prostitution. Especially popular is the interactive walk around Amsterdam in the 1920s - you are invited to pedal a bicycle while showing how the city looked like a century ago - this creates the complete illusion of a real bike ride through the city.

Cannabis Museum, Sex Museum, Prostitution Museum

Attraction for tourists

These are typical tourist museums filled with fictional facts. You should not take them seriously, but if you really want to come in, then come in - you will definitely have a couple of funny photos as a keepsake. The Museum of Erotica and the Museum of Prostitution will tell you the story of the sexual emancipation of Amsterdam, demonstrate the devices of those same “red rooms” where girls take clients, and show you a lot of erotic pictures, statues, images and photographs. At the Cannabis Museum, visitors are shown marijuana from the most unexpected angles - for example, they consider it as a valuable agricultural raw material.

Museum Kröller-Müller

Nikola-Lenivets in Holland

The Kröller-Müller Museum is not only a private museum that houses the second largest collection of Van Gogh's works, but also a huge landscape park like our Nikola-Lenivets. This park is located an hour from Amsterdam, and you can spend the whole day in it. At the entrance you can take a bike for free and move around on it. At one end of the park there is a beautiful castle that belonged to Elena Kröller-Müller, a major art collector, at the other - a museum of a private collection, which includes paintings by major European painters, and between them there are tens of kilometers that you will overcome with great pleasure on a bicycle.

Are you planning cultural activities in Amsterdam? Book apartments on, walk around the city and go to the best museums in Holland and the world.

It has the highest density of museums and galleries in the world. Despite being a small country, the number of high-quality art centers makes the Netherlands a huge entertainment and educational venue with museums presenting art in all its aspects. Any tourist will not miss the opportunity to get off the beaten path of the city and look into the most famous ones, showing to art, heritage, design, fashion, music or photography. , and many other cities in Holland are filled with museums and waiting to be explored.

Top 12 most interesting museums in Holland

There are more than 400 museums in this country. Only in Amsterdam there are about 60 of them, from the world famous, and to the recently opened Micropia. Many of these institutions are over 100 years old and have guarded the country's national treasures. We offer tourists a list best museums Holland, which will help you choose your favorite expositions and plan your visit:

1. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. This museum houses more than 1 million exhibits and is recognized as the main museum in Holland. Its collections include many priceless works of art such as Jan Vermeer's The Milkmaid, several revered Van Gogh paintings and, of course, Rembrandt's great opus The Night Watch. The Rijksmuseum building itself is a real masterpiece and dates back to the height of Dutch neoclassicism.
2. , The Hague. In 1822, the Royal Painting Office was moved to Den Haag, where it has survived to this day. Over the years, many important paintings have been added to the already impressive catalog of works from the Dutch Golden Age, including Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring. Today the Mauritshuis ranks among the best art museums and heritage sites in Holland and attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors a year.


3. , Rotterdam. This is one of the largest and most extensive collections of art from the Middle Ages to the most modern XXI century. Here you can see the work Dutch artists such as Rembrandt and Bosch, the surrealists Magritte and Dali, the minimalist sculptures of Robert Morris.


4. , Amsterdam. Don't miss the chance to see where Anne Frank wrote her now world-famous diary, which tells the story of a young Jewish woman hiding with her family from the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam during World War II.


5. , Leiden. The museum is named after the legendary university teacher Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738), who made the University of Leiden one of the most famous not only in the Netherlands, but also in Europe. It is located in the former hospital of St. Cecilia, which is a museum in itself. Here are collected collections that represent 5 centuries of history of natural and medical sciences. The anatomical museum impresses with exhibits of human and animal skeletons.


6. Cabinet of cats, Amsterdam. The Cat Cabinet is a small museum housed in an old patrician house in the Herengracht in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in the city's business district, dedicated entirely to paintings and other art depicting cats. It was founded in 1990 by William Meyer, a wealthy Dutchman who wanted to preserve the memory of his cat in this way. An aura of special sensual humor is present not only in the theme of this museum, but also in the way this museum was presented to the visitor. Sculptures, paintings, posters and books about felines are exhibited in such a professional and serious manner that they cannot help but bring a smile to the face of visitors.


7. , Netherlands, Amsterdam. The German collector Helen Kröller-Müller was one of the first to recognize the value of the works of Vincent van Gogh and accumulated huge collection his paintings during his lifetime. In 1934, she parted with her entire collection and founded a museum in honor of the artist in order to pass on his work to the Dutch people. This institute now bears her name and has since acquired many other priceless works of art.


8. , Amsterdam. As soon as visitors get inside, it becomes immediately clear that this Holland Sex Museum is trying to combine its rich collection of artifacts with elements of an amusement park. In each of the museum's tiny halls, dedicated to such famous personalities as Mata Hari, the Marquis de Sade, Rudolf Valentino, Oscar Wilde, the Marquise of Pompadour, visitors are accompanied by different muffled noises. For example, in the room of the Marquis de Sade, the repeated sounds of a steam engine are heard from the speaker on the ceiling, mixed with female cries of joy.


9. , Leiden, Holland. The 29m high museum with its 7 floors is hard to miss. This is the last remaining mill out of 19 that once stood on the ramparts of Leiden. Below you can see the only surviving miller's house in the Netherlands.


10. , Amsterdam. From famous musicians to movie stars, from fashion models to world leaders: you'll meet them all at Madame Tussauds in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Sing with Adele, pose with Madonna and drink coffee with George Clooney!


11. , Leiden. This museum in Holland offers a journey through the human body, during which the visitor can see, feel and hear how the human body works, what role healthy food, active lifestyle and exercise play. The Corpus Museum in the Netherlands offers not only informational and educational, but also entertainment program and exposure.


12. Vincent van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. For the past 40 years, this museum in Amsterdam has represented the most large collection Van Gogh painting not only in Holland, but also in the world. This unsurpassed exhibition covers all stages of the artist's work, from his early days in the Netherlands to his untimely death in northern France. In addition to these priceless works of art, the museum houses thousands of paintings created by the world's post-impressionist painters such as Monet, Gauguin and Toulouse-Lautrec.