Man and nature in modern prose. Nature and man in modern Russian prose (based on the novel by V.
In the 70s and 80s. of our century, the lyre of poets and prose writers sounded powerfully in defense of surrounding nature. Writers went to the microphone, wrote articles for newspapers, postponing work on works of art. They defended our lakes and rivers, forests and fields. It was a reaction to the rapid urbanization of our lives. Villages were ruined, cities grew. As always in our country, all this was done on a grand scale, and chips flew in full. The gloomy results of the harm done to our nature by those hotheads have now been summed up.
Writers - fighters for the environment were all born near nature, they know and love it. These are such well-known prose writers here and abroad as Viktor Astafiev and Valentin Rasputin.
Astafiev calls the hero of the story "Tsar-Fish" the "master". Indeed, Ignatich knows how to do everything better and faster than anyone. He is distinguished by frugality and accuracy. “Of course, Ignatich fished better than anyone and more than anyone, and this was not disputed by anyone, it was considered legal, and no one envied him, except for the younger brother of the Commander.” The relationship between the brothers was complicated. The commander not only did not hide his dislike for his brother, but even showed it at the first opportunity. Ignatich tried not to pay attention to it. Actually, he treated all the inhabitants of the village with some superiority and even condescension. Of course, the protagonist of the story is far from ideal: he is dominated by greed and a consumerist attitude towards nature. The author brings the main character one on one with nature. For all his sins before her, nature presents Ignatich with a severe test. It happened like this: Ignatich goes fishing on the Yenisei and, not content with small fish, is waiting for the sturgeon. “And at that moment the fish declared itself, went to the side, the hooks clicked on the iron, blue sparks were carved from the side of the boat. Behind the stern, the heavy body of a fish boiled up, turned, rebelled, scattering water like rags of burnt, black rags. At that moment, Ignatich saw a fish at the very side of the boat. “I saw it and was taken aback: there was something rare, primitive not only in the size of the fish, but also in the shape of its body - it looked like a prehistoric lizard ...” The fish immediately seemed ominous to Ignatich. His soul, as it were, split in two: one half prompted to release the fish and thereby save himself, but the other did not want to release such a sturgeon in any way, because the king-fish comes across only once in a lifetime. The passion of the fisherman takes over prudence. Ignatich decides to catch the sturgeon at all costs. But through negligence, he finds himself in the water, on the hook of his own tackle. Ignatich feels that he is drowning, that the fish is pulling him to the bottom, but he cannot do anything to save himself. In the face of death, the fish becomes for him a kind of creature. The hero, who never believes in God, at this moment turns to him for help. Ignatich recalls what he tried to forget throughout his life: a disgraced girl, whom he doomed to eternal suffering. It turned out that nature, also in a sense a “woman”, took revenge on him for the harm done. Nature took revenge on man cruelly. Ignatich, “not owning his mouth, but still hoping that at least someone would hear him, intermittently and raggedly began to hoarse: ..” And when the fish releases Ignatich, he feels that his soul is freed from the sin that has weighed on him throughout his life. It turned out that nature fulfilled the divine task: it called the sinner to repentance and for this she absolved him of sin. The author leaves hope for a life without sin not only to his hero, but to all of us, because no one on earth is immune from conflicts with nature, and therefore with his own soul.
In his own way, the writer Valentin Rasputin reveals the same theme in the story "Fire". The heroes of the story are engaged in logging. They "as if wandered from place to place, stopped to wait out the bad weather, and got stuck." The epigraph of the story: "The village is on fire, the native is on fire" - sets the reader in advance for the events of the story. Rasputin revealed the soul of each hero of his work through a fire: “In everything how people behaved - how they ran around the yard, how they lined up chains to pass packages and bundles from hand to hand, how they teased the fire, risking themselves to the last, - in all this was something unreal, foolish, done in excitement and disorderly passion. In the confusion at the fire, people were divided into two camps: those who do good and those who do evil. Main character story Ivan Petrovich Egorov - a citizen of the law, as the Arkharovites call him. The author christened careless, hard-working people Arkharovtsy. During a fire, these Arkharovtsy behave in accordance with their usual everyday behavior: “Everyone is dragging! Klavka Strigunova stuffed her full pockets with small boxes. And in them, go, not irons, in them, go, something like that! ... They push in the shank, in the bosom! And these bottles, bottles!” It is unbearable for Ivan Petrovich to feel his helplessness in front of these people. But disorder reigns not only around, but also in his soul. The hero realizes that “a person has four props in life: a house with a family, work, people and the land on which your house stands. Some one limps - the whole world is tilted. IN this case the earth was "limp". After all, the inhabitants of the village had no roots anywhere, they “wandered”. And the earth silently suffered from this. But the moment of punishment has come. In this case, the role of retribution was played by fire, which is also a force of nature, a force of destruction. It seems to me that it was no coincidence that the author ended the story almost according to Gogol: “What are you, our silent land, how long are you silent? And are you silent? Perhaps these words will serve our country in good stead even now.
Nature and man in modern domestic prose. Vasily Vladimirovich Bykov is a talented master of words. He includes various metaphors in his works, not only decorating his intelligible and vivid speech, but helping the reader to understand the author's intention, to be imbued with his idea.
The writer is well aware of the traditions of Russian classical literature, being a worthy successor to the masters of the word of the XIX century.
Bykov gives pictures of nature not to serve as a background for what is happening. They are full participants in the events, emphasizing the mood of the hero or contrasting with him.
In the story “To Go and Not to Return”, nature constantly accompanies the heroes, warning, sheltering or frightening with its power and strength. Going on a mission and getting caught in a snowfall, Zoska Noreiko notices with fear; that she got lost in "this endless swamp." The hare that jumped out from under her feet made the girl freeze in horror. She does not yet realize that nature is her ally. We must be afraid of people, but nature will warm and shelter, as it happened with the stack, in which Zoska, soaked in the stream, warmed up and dried out.
The writer tries to show that if a person is merged with his native nature, he draws his mental strength. The romantic and dreamy nature of Zoska, of course, would have responded to the surrounding beauty if she had not been so preoccupied with the upcoming task, but no, no, let the thought of the world around her flash through her mind, the beauty that the Nazis are trying to trample on and take away. “Zoska carefully got out of the stack. There was silence all around, it froze a little. Neman scares the girl with his power. She has no idea how one can cross a huge river in such weather.
Being in a fragile ship, Zoska feels her defenselessness, vulnerability, but she is still more afraid of the river than the Germans and the upcoming crossing. The words of the carrier Bormotukhin sound prophetic: “Is it scary here for Khiba?” And only after falling under fire from the Germans, wounded in the head, Zoska escapes in the grove, fully surrendering to the will of nature. “Anton helped Zoska to get up, with short stops they crossed the field and went deeper into the next grove.” Before reaching the village, they stopped under a tree. “It was a wild pear, luxuriously spreading its crown almost to the ground. Immediately there were piled stones collected from the field. Behind them it was possible to hide from the wind. Like a magic tree from a children's fairy tale, which always helps the heroes, it now shelters Zoska, gives her the opportunity to gather her strength before a decisive and last conversation with Anton. The writer makes us think that perhaps this tree saved the heroine from the death prepared for her by Golubin.
V. Bykov helps to appreciate the significance of the surrounding world, he knows how to depict an unforgettable picture of nature, to help the reader arouse a desire to preserve its beauty.
What to think about? Russian classical literature is fertile material for education in a person love relationship to nature. It's hard to find another in the world national literature, in which so much attention would be paid to the topic "Nature and Man".
What to think about? Descriptions of nature in Russian classical literature are not just a background against which the action unfolds, they are important in overall structure works, in the characterization of the character, because in relation to nature, the inner appearance of a person, his spiritual and moral component, is also revealed.
What to think about? English writer Ch. Snow, speaking about the difference between English literature and Russian literature, noted: “In almost all works of Russian literature, and especially of Tolstoy, the English reader feels the breath of vast spaces, boundless Russian plains.”
Thesis: “Man and nature are a single whole. We are all a product of nature, part of it "M. Prishvin" The pantry of the sun "In the work" Pantry of the sun "Prishvin expressed his innermost thoughts about the relationship between man and nature:" We are the masters of our nature, and it is for us the pantry of the sun with great treasures life." Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"
V. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" In "Tsar-fish" Viktor Astafiev writes about the life-giving beginning of the connection between man and nature. The relationship between man and nature, according to Astafiev, should be based on the principles of harmony. Attempts to "conquer" nature can lead to the death of everything. The fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it. To avoid death, he is forced to let her go free. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature makes this poacher reconsider his ideas about life.
Thesis: "The surrounding nature can change a person, make him happy." V. Shukshin "The Old Man, the Sun and the Girl" In Vasily Makarovich Shukshin's story "The Old Man, the Sun and the Girl" we see an example of the attitude to native nature. The old man, the hero of the story, comes to the same place every evening and watches the sun go down. To the artist girl who is next to him, he comments every minute on the changing colors of the sunset. How unexpected it will be for us, the readers, and for the heroine, the discovery that the grandfather, it turns out, is blind! For over 10 years! How to love native land to remember for decades her beauty!
Y. Yakovlev "Awakened by nightingales". The mischievous, restless Selyuzhonok was once awakened by nightingales in a pioneer camp. Angry, with a stone in his hand, he decides to deal with the birds, but freezes, spellbound by the singing of the nightingale. Something moved in the boy's soul, he wanted to see, and then portray the forest wizard. And even though the bird molded by him from plasticine does not even remotely resemble a nightingale, Selyuzhonok experienced the life-giving power of art. When the nightingale woke him up again, he lifted all the children from their beds so that they too could hear the magic trills. The author argues that the comprehension of beauty in nature leads to the comprehension of beauty in art.
V. Shukshin "Strait" Sanya Neverov, the hero of the story "Strait" by V. M. Shukshin, in his words, "lived wrong all his life." But when he fell ill and death knocked on his door, he suddenly passionately wanted to live. To live in order to contemplate the beauty of nature, which I simply did not notice before. “I saw spring forty times, forty times! And only now I understand: well. Let me look at her, for spring! Let me rejoice!” he says. LN Tolstoy "War and Peace". Episodes "Night in Otradnoye", "Oak". Can't stop looking at the beautiful moonlit night the heroine of the novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy Natasha Rostova. She is so fascinated by the night scenery that she can't even think about sleeping. Andrei Bolkonsky, who also admired the beautiful night picture and accidentally overhearing the exclamations of a girl, enchanted by the beauty of the night, will suddenly come to the conclusion that “life is not over at thirty-one” ...
F. Abramov "Yes, there is such a medicine" "...Baba Manya got up. She got up, with difficulty reached the house and took to her bed: she developed bilateral pneumonia. Baba Manya did not get up from her bed for more than a month, and the doctors had no doubt that the old woman would die. There is no cure in the world to raise an old man from the dead. Yes, there is such a medicine! Starlings brought him to Baba Mana…”
Thesis: It is necessary to take care of nature. Saint Exupery "The Little Prince" Very important thought fairy tales-parables are artlessly expressed in the words of the protagonist - Little Prince: "Get up, wash, put yourself in order and immediately put your planet in order." Man is not the king of nature, and if he does not follow its laws, then the eternal world order can be violated, the author believes. Through the lips of another hero of the fairy tale - the Fox - the author reminds us, people: "We are responsible for those we have tamed." B.Sh. Okudzhava "Mouse"
Works-arguments to the thematic block: 1.B.Ekimov "The night passes" 2.V.Shukshin "The old man, the sun and the girl" 3.V.Krupin "Drop the bag" 4.V.Rasputin "Farewell to Mother" 5.B .Shukshin "Strait" 6.V.Astafiev "He who does not grow, dies ..." 7.V.Degtev "Reasonable beings" 8.V.Degtev "Dandelion" 9. Ch.Aitmatov "Scrap" 10. V Astafiev " Vasyutkino Lake" 11. B. Vasilyev "Do not shoot white swans"
Aphorisms…Quotes…. William Shakespeare: Earth, nature's mother, her own grave: what she gave birth to, she buried. Mikhail Prishvin: The woman who gives birth is closest to nature: on one side she is even nature itself, and on the other, man himself. Mikhail Prishvin: For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a dacha, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents have grown. Alexander Herzen: Grandiose things are done by grandiose means. Nature alone does great things for free. Nature has taken care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn.
Leonardo da Vinci: In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should deal with their business, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. Mark Tullius Cicero: The study and observation of nature gave rise to science. Leonardo da Vinci: Nature has taken care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn. Michel Montaigne: There is nothing useless in nature. Jules Renard: God was not bad at nature, but with man he had a misfire. Karl Marx: Man lives by nature.
Nature herself, that beautiful and tireless mistress, takes care to teach all youth what love is. (V.Trediakovsky) Mark Tullius Cicero: *All nature strives for self-preservation. * The main inclination of man is directed to what corresponds to nature * Every day, nature itself reminds us of how few, how small things she needs. * The earth never returns without a surplus what it has received. * And what nature does with man!!!
From communication with nature, you will take out as much light as you want, and as much courage and strength as you need. (F.G. Ranevskaya) How great artist, nature knows how to small funds achieve great effects. (ZI Godfried) Forests teach a person to understand the beautiful. (G. Heine) Let's not ... be too deceived by our victories over nature. For each such victory, she takes revenge on us. (F.Engels)
Nature gives enough to satisfy natural needs. (Seneca) As a great artist, nature can achieve great effects with little means. (G. Heine) There are many wondrous forces in nature, but stronger than a man- no. (Sophocles) Nature ... awakens in us the need for love ... (I. Turgenev) great book nature is open to everyone, and in this great book so far ... only the first pages have been read. (D. Pisarev) pride, finds harmony. (Huainan Zi)
Even in his most beautiful dreams, man cannot imagine anything more beautiful than nature. (Alphonse de Lamartine) How could nature be so bright and beautiful if the destiny of man was not the same? (Henry Thoreau) Johann Goethe: Nature is the creator of all creators. (I. Goethe) Mark Tullius Cicero: The power of nature is great. After all, we know the opinion of the greatest scientists that different branches of knowledge require study and instruction, while nature itself creates the poetic ability, and the poet creates from his own spirit and at the same time, as it were, is inspired from above. Lucretius: Nature perfects everything. (Lucretius)
The earth, nature's mother, is also her grave: what she gave birth to, she buried. (W. Shakespeare) Mikhail Prishvin: The woman who gives birth is closest to nature: on one side she is even nature itself, and on the other, man himself. For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a dacha, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents have grown. Grandiose things are done by grandiose means. One nature does great things for free. (A. Herzen) In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should be engaged in their business, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. (L. da Vinci)
The study and observation of nature gave birth to science. (M.T. Cicero) Leonardo da Vinci: Nature took care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn. (L. da Vinci) There is nothing useless in nature. (Michel Montaigne) God is not bad nature succeeded, but with a man he got a misfire. (Jules Renard)
In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should do their own thing, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. (L. da Vinci) The study and observation of nature gave rise to science. you find something to learn. (L. da Vinci) Nothing is useless in nature.
In the 70s and 80s. of our century, the lyre of poets and prose writers sounded powerfully in defense of the surrounding nature. Writers went to the microphone, wrote articles in newspapers, postponing work on works of art.
They defended our lakes and rivers, forests and fields. It was a reaction to the rapid urbanization of our lives. Villages were ruined, cities grew. As always in our country, all this was done on a grand scale, and chips flew in full. The gloomy results of the harm done to our nature by those hotheads have now been summed up.
Writers - fighters for the environment all
Born near nature, they know and love it. These are such well-known prose writers here and abroad as Viktor Astafiev and Valentin Rasputin.
Astafiev calls the hero of the story "Tsar-Fish" the "master". Indeed, Ignatich knows how to do everything better and faster than anyone. He is distinguished by frugality and accuracy. “Of course, Ignatich fished better than anyone and more than anyone, and this was not disputed by anyone, it was considered legal, and no one envied him, except for the younger brother of the Commander.” The relationship between the brothers was complicated. The commander not only did not hide his dislike for his brother, but even showed it at the first opportunity. Ignatich
Tried not to pay attention to it.
Actually, he treated all the inhabitants of the village with some superiority and even condescension. Of course, the protagonist of the story is far from ideal: he is dominated by greed and a consumerist attitude towards nature. The author brings the main character one on one with nature. For all his sins before her, nature presents Ignatich with a severe test.
It happened like this: Ignatich goes fishing on the Yenisei and, not content with small fish, is waiting for the sturgeon. “And at that moment the fish declared itself, went to the side, the hooks clicked on the iron, blue sparks were carved from the side of the boat. Behind the stern, the heavy body of a fish boiled up, turned, rebelled, scattering water like rags of burnt, black rags. At that moment, Ignatich saw a fish at the very side of the boat. “I saw and was taken aback: something rare, primitive was not only in the size of the fish, but also in the shape of its body - it looked like a prehistoric lizard ...”
The fish immediately seemed ominous to Ignatich. His soul, as it were, split in two: one half prompted to release the fish and thereby save himself, but the other did not want to release such a sturgeon in any way, because the king-fish comes across only once in a lifetime. The passion of the fisherman takes over prudence. Ignatich decides to catch the sturgeon at all costs. But through negligence, he finds himself in the water, on the hook of his own tackle. Ignatich feels that he is drowning, that the fish is pulling him to the bottom, but he cannot do anything to save himself. In the face of death, the fish becomes for him a kind of creature.
The hero, who never believes in God, at this moment turns to him for help. Ignatich recalls what he tried to forget throughout his life: a disgraced girl, whom he doomed to eternal suffering. It turned out that nature, also in a sense a “woman”, took revenge on him for the harm done. Nature took revenge on man cruelly. Ignatich, "not owning his mouth, but still hoping that at least someone would hear him, intermittently and raggedly began to hiss:"
And when the fish releases Ignatich, he feels that his soul is freed from the sin that has weighed on him throughout his life. It turned out that nature fulfilled the divine task: it called the sinner to repentance and for this she absolved him of sin. The author leaves hope for a life without sin not only to his hero, but to all of us, because no one on earth is immune from conflicts with nature, and therefore with his own soul.
In his own way, the writer Valentin Rasputin reveals the same theme in the story "Fire". The heroes of the story are engaged in logging. They "as if wandered from place to place, stopped to wait out the bad weather, and got stuck." The epigraph of the story: "The village is on fire, the native is on fire" - sets the reader in advance for the events of the story.
Rasputin revealed the soul of each hero of his work through a fire: “In everything how people behaved - how they ran around the yard, how they lined up chains to pass packages and bundles from hand to hand, how they teased the fire, risking themselves to the last, - in all this was something unreal, foolish, done in excitement and disorderly passion. In the confusion at the fire, people were divided into two camps: those who do good and those who do evil.
The protagonist of the story, Ivan Petrovich Egorov, is a legal citizen, as the Arkharovites call him. The author christened careless, hard-working people Arkharovtsy. During a fire, these Arkharovtsy behave in accordance with their usual everyday behavior: “Everyone is dragging! Klavka Strigunova stuffed her full pockets with small boxes. And in them, go, not irons, in them, go, something like that! ...
In the shin they push, in the bosom! And these bottles, bottles!” It is unbearable for Ivan Petrovich to feel his helplessness in front of these people. But disorder reigns not only around, but also in his soul. The hero realizes that “a person has four props in life: a house with a family, work, people and the land on which your house stands. Some one limps - the whole world is tilted. In this case, the earth "limped". After all, the inhabitants of the village had no roots anywhere, they “wandered”. And the earth silently suffered from this. But the moment of punishment has come.
In this case, the role of retribution was played by fire, which is also a force of nature, a force of destruction. It seems to me that it was no coincidence that the author ended the story almost according to Gogol: “What are you, our silent land, how long are you silent? And are you silent? Perhaps these words will serve our country in good stead even now.
I. Man is the master and protector of nature.
II. The problem of the relationship between man and nature in the works of Russian writers.
1. Man and nature in the works of V. Astafiev and Ch. Aitmatov.
2. Attitude to the land and father's house in the works of V. Rasputin.
III. The harmony of man and nature is a prerequisite for life.
All of us, living today, are responsible for nature before our descendants, before history. As early as the beginning of the twentieth century, our compatriot V. I. Vernadsky argued that humanity was becoming a geological and, possibly, cosmic force. These prophetic words were not immediately understood and appreciated. But now each of us can be convinced of their fidelity: humanity is “shaking” the Earth, like geological cataclysms. The scale of human influence on nature is constantly growing. The consequences of his actions are also growing.
Nuclear war, ecological catastrophe, spiritual unconsciousness - these are three sides of the same process of self-destruction of mankind, a process that can still be stopped. Therefore, it is no coincidence that many modern prose writers and poets are sounding the alarm, trying to warn people that man is a part of nature and, destroying it, he destroys himself.
Back in the last century, Russian publicists for the first time spoke about the symptoms of that phenomenon, which today has been called the "ecological crisis" and which now poses a serious danger to human existence. So, for example, it is known that now on the planet up to a dozen animal species and one plant species per week are disappearing irrevocably. There is no doubt that the material losses resulting from the barbaric treatment of nature can be calculated. It is much more difficult to calculate the spiritual losses that affect the character of people, their thinking, attitude towards the world around them and towards their own kind. Only art can speak of this.
The problems of the relationship of man with nature, the role of man on Earth constantly worried famous writers. In many works by V. Rasputin and V. Astafiev, V. Belov and Ch. Aitmatov, F. Abramov and D. Granin, the idea that our nature is a house that a person destroys with his own hands is heard. So, in his work “Tsar-Fish”, V. Astafiev painfully asks the question: “Who and how will eradicate this long-standing terrible habit of managing in the forest, as if in his own yard? Why do people like Goga Gortsev appear?” Goga Gortsev, a "tourist", never considered people to be friends or comrades, was, by his own admission, " free person". People like Goga seem to be strong personalities. They are characterized by a thirst for something new, the desire to see the world and people. "Tourists" like Goga Gortsev at first glance can even cause sympathy. But for them the main thing is to snatch their piece, for the sake of which they are ready to sacrifice someone else's life. An unspiritual attitude to life (“even a flood after us”), selfishness, self-conceit leads such heroes to a sense of the absurdity of existence, to spiritual degradation and physical death.
Accidentally slipping, dies in the taiga " strong personality» Goga Gortsev, thus confirming the idea that chance is a manifestation of regularity. Vanity and pride make Astafiev's hero related to Orozkul from Ch. Aitmatov's story "The White Steamboat". It is always sweet for Orozkul to hear how they call him "the big master of big forest". He brutally deals not only with this forest, but also with the Horned Mother Deer, whose children considered themselves the old man Momun and his grandson.
What happens to a person? This question worries many people. The inner essence of a person is revealed not only in the relationship with each other. Each of us has what we call shrines: Father's house, Mother…
If a person does not feel sorry for his home, where is the guarantee that he may someday regret mother? V. Rasputin thought about this in the stories “ Deadline”,“ Farewell to Matera ”. And in the story with symbolic name"Fire" the writer talks about a fire that engulfed the trading warehouses of the timber industry village. Instead of jointly fighting misfortune, people one by one, competing with each other, take away the good snatched from the fire. Fire in the village, fire in the souls of people ...
The idea that man should not be at war with nature, that she is not his enemy, for he himself is a part of it, has now become obvious. The harmony of man and nature is a prerequisite for the continuation of life on Earth.
