Coloring book symbols of belarus. Belarusian ornament: description, history, diagrams and interesting facts

The flag of Belarus is a rectangular panel with two horizontal stripes of red and green (from top to bottom) colors. Closer to the shaft is a white and red national Belarusian ornament. The flag is a direct descendant of the BSSR flag, from which the hammer and sickle were removed. The flag has a ratio of 1:2. It was adopted on June 7, 1995 and slightly changed in 2012.

The red color on our flag is the color of the victorious standards of the Grunwald victory of the Belarusian regiments over the crusaders. This is the color of the banners of the divisions of the Red Army and the Belarusian partisan brigades that liberated our land from the fascist invaders and their minions. Green represents hope, spring and rebirth; it is the color of our forests and fields. White color is the embodiment of spiritual purity.

The symbols of agriculture are used in the flag's ornament - rhombuses, the oldest graphic variations of which are known to archaeologists from finds on the territory of Belarus.

The red ornament, placed on a white background at the flagstaff, is a pattern of rhombuses. Initially, this ornament was used to decorate women's national clothes.

The ornament represents the rising sun, wealth and prosperity. According to another version, the ornament is a symbol of agriculture and fertility.

Belarus became the first (but not the only) country to use on its state flags national ornament.

In fact, the ornament in the entire history of the existence of the flags of Belarus has changed three times.

The standard of the President was approved in 1997.

Historical flags of the Republic of Belarus

The flag was a rectangular panel of red (scarlet) color.

The abbreviation "SSRB" was added to the roof of the flag. The cloth has changed its shade of red.

The abbreviation changed to: "BSSR".

A sickle and a hammer are located above the abbreviation, above them is a yellow five pointed star

The flag began to be a rectangular panel of red color with a horizontal green stripe at the bottom of the flag. Near the pole there is a vertical white stripe with a red national Belarusian ornament. The hammer and sickle remained in the roof of the flag, and above them a yellow five-pointed star. In the future, this particular flag will become the prototype for the state flag of independent Belarus.

It is the flag of the opposition. This flag was the state flag from 1991 to 1995. In fact, it is inverted

Marina Rudich

July 3, our country celebrates a public holiday - Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus.

I want to show you a laptop about my country, its symbols, sights.

We use this laptop in our classes. educational field"Child and Society".

All pictures are taken from the Internet.

Purpose of the lapbook: to develop the ideas of pupils that Belarusians live in the Republic of Belarus, the capital of Belarus is Minsk; about the national flag, coat of arms, anthem, Belarusian holidays; develop attention, memory, patriotic feelings. The tasks are taken from the "Curriculum preschool education".

-"Symbols"

We use cards to make up stories about the symbols of Belarus, for the game "What is superfluous".

-"Find the Coat of Arms" our country includes six regional cities, each has its own coat of arms. Pupils are invited to correlate the coat of arms with the regional city.

-"Architecture" collected in this pocket famous monuments, the buildings of our country

: Brest Fortress, Mir Castle, Belaya Vezha, Museum of the Second World War in Minsk, castles of Belarus.

On the central part of the lapbook there is a coat of arms, a flag, a map of our country

-Poems

-"Writers of Belarus"

-"National Costume"

-"Crafts"

straw, wood, clay and wood products.

-"National cuisine"

we issue postcards with recipes for dishes: draniki, potato babka, pancakes, various soups.

Related publications:

Currently, we are increasingly meeting with such a concept as a lapbook. I was also interested in what it is, looked at our website.

Love to native land does not come by itself. From childhood, every child contemplates the world. He sees green grass, berry.

Lepbuki - homemade booklet or daddy. I collected this daddy myself, glued the individual parts into a single whole, collected the material.

For the purpose of moral and patriotic education, I made a lapbook "My Motherland-Russia". This book is good for practice.

I want to show what I did, I made it into such a lapbook on patriotic education. It turned out to be convenient. It's a kind of piggy bank.

The federal educational standard for preschool education sets goals for patriotic education: creating conditions for development.

Traditions. They are in every family. In every nation and state. Different areas have their own signs, sayings. Your habits. Your language. What does a mother teach her child besides basic skills and language? Every mother passes on the traditions of her people to her child. Prepares national dishes. dresses in National Costume maybe just on holidays. And in these seemingly ordinary moments, he conveys a piece of history. Love for ancestors, for their land. To what is invisible in every person. How often we do not pay attention to such things, and it seems to us quite normal. Even looking at pictures in old books and putting on embroidered things, we hardly think about who invented this pattern and what it is for, what it carries.

Origin story

The first documented Belarusian ornaments began to be traced from the second half of XIX century. There are no early documents, and we can judge the history of the development of the ornament only from material data that have survived to our times. Belarusian art is very closely intertwined with the skills of all Slavic peoples. Living nearby, people exchanged things, sold them. They believed in the same gods. It has played its role in the history of every nation. The same happened with fine arts, on the basis of which the Belarusian ornament was born. In the Middle Ages, on the territory of modern Belarus, wood and metal carvers were very respected. They made amazing designs. And so the Belarusian ornament spread further.

First ornaments

The first Belarusian ornaments were mostly geometric. Also diluted with lush floral patterns. They had a special meaning. Such ornaments were used to decorate clothes and household utensils. The patterns are based on wide stripes of rhombuses, triangles and rosettes. Of course, the cross was an important element of the first ornaments. This symbol has been considered a talisman since ancient times. Modern Belarusian ornaments are also embroidered with a cross. The execution technique is very simple. First, half the stitches pass in one direction of the pattern and, returning, cover the stitch with a thread. This is how the cross is made. This technique allows for a short time and without much effort to hammer a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe ornament.

How did ornament develop?

The development of embroidery proceeded gradually. At first, various geometric patterns. Gradually, lush floral patterns were added to them. portrayed various forms peace. The craftsmen also added decorative seams to the embroidery, which became an integral part of the ornament. Combination different colors It wasn't from the very beginning either. Some embroideries are dominated by red, white or black colors. Later they began to combine black with red. Belarusian patterns and ornaments underwent the most changes during the period of capitalism. This is already due to the imposed imprint of power over the people. The ornament itself has been formed over several centuries and is distinguished by its genetic unity of the main elements throughout the territory of Belarus. Although each locality has its own motives.

Description of the ornament

The traditional Belarusian ornament looks geometric. At first glance, this is a very complex interweaving of various kinds. geometric shapes. It can most of all highlight straight and zigzag lines. Large and small crosses, triangles, squares, rectangles, stars of various shapes. One of the most important images in the Belarusian ornament is a rhombus. It is considered a symbol of the big sun, the Earth-nurse, as well as rain and harvest. An image is used not only of a rhombus, but also of its different parts.

Later, images of people, birds, and animals appeared. Birds were designated as a symbol of spring warmth and light. In folk myths and beliefs, they brought spring on their wings. For greater fabulousness, they were depicted in very magnificent plumage, and crosses were embroidered on their heads, imitating the symbols of fire and the sun.

The most recent began to depict people, namely female figures. But they were the most important element in the embroidery of the Belarusian ornament. Embroidered figures of Maslenitsa, mermaid, Mother Earth, Lada, Kupalinka. These mythical figures carried certain meaning, namely fertility and the continuation of life on earth, and were almost sacred.

Symbols of the Belarusian ornament

Ornament is not just beautiful drawings that adorn the embroidery. Each symbol has its own designation, which reflects its essence. Carries a semantic load. A big tree symbolizes immortality and eternity. The symbol, reminiscent of Shrovetide, is called Zhitnaya Baba, and it carries fertility in itself. A rhombus in a rhombus is the awakening of nature in spring. There is a symbol of the mother and the birch girl. A symbol that protects children. Symbol for strong family(these were embroidered on wedding towels).

And for love in the Belarusian ornament there is not one symbol, but four. A symbol of nascent love, love in its prime, love without reciprocity and the memory of love. It is very pleasant that such a theme as love was not bypassed in this art.

The use of ornament in embroidery

Embroidery with Belarusian ornaments is found throughout the territory of this country. But in each locality, it differs in its features and figures. Stripes and various borders in embroidery were used everywhere. Each region arranges patterns, ornaments and symbols differently. So, in the scheme of embroidery of the Belarusian ornament in the east of Polissya, there are more floral patterns. There are almost no geometric motifs, they were replaced by images of roses, which are mostly embroidered in white and red. In some areas, the rhombic image prevails even in the stripes that adorn the bottom of the shirts.

The main interest in embroidering towels is embroidered by Polissya craftsmen. Towels with their embroidery were mainly used for weddings. They depict all the traditional symbols on good life, strong love and fertility for a young family. The scheme of the Belarusian ornament does not differ much in complexity from Ukrainian or Lithuanian embroidery. All the same, neighboring peoples, and the patterns are a bit similar.

The pattern on the flag

The ornament of the Belarusian flag means National unity, culture and spiritual wealth. Connection with ancestors and tribute to traditions. The pattern on the Belarusian flag is traditionally red, geometric. It looks more like an ornament that is depicted on shirts and shirts. But the ornament is not just taken from the sky, it was depicted in 1917 by a peasant woman Matrena Makarevich and has the name "Rising Sun".

Placing an ornament on the flag makes it possible to quickly identify the flag, and also carries the message of unity with the ancestors and respect for one's own culture. It also contains a certain wish for well-being and prosperity. Such patterns have always been considered amulets. Maybe this pattern invisibly preserves the Belarusian land.

If we disassemble the ornament into symbols, then there we will see a large rhombus, indicating the rising sun. And on both sides of it are symbols of wealth and prosperity.

Belarusian ornament replaced on the flag of Belarus. It was originally white on a red field. This is certainly a consequence of the Soviet past. But after the collapse of the USSR, the colors on the ornament were restored correctly. The way we see them now. Red ornament on a white field.

Another interesting fact is the clothes embroidered with Belarusian ornaments. Some believe that by wearing clothes that show the symbols you need, you can influence fate. It doesn't make sense. After all, people believe that some images, the same runes, can influence life. Ornament is considered to the same extent, as it was once called the “cipher of the people”. If the symbols that are embroidered carry the meaning of health and well-being, then perhaps having them on clothes can make you a little healthier.

Even the masters of the Belarusian ornament claim that by embroidering it, you calm down, thoughts come to order and the soul becomes brighter. This is a kind of meditation. Only in the end a masterpiece comes out from under the hands of the master. Well, and the benefits for the mental and physical health no doubt.

Belarusian history is filled with difficult moments, but the country was able to gain independence and maintain its cultural traditions. They are perfectly reflected by the coat of arms and each of them deserves attention.

What does the modern flag look like?

The state cloth is made in the form of a rectangle, the sides of which are in proportion two to one. The flag uses three colors: white, green and red. The first is located in a vertical stripe. The red runs horizontally, taking up two-thirds of the width, while the green stripe fills the remaining third. On the white part there is a national Belarusian pattern, created at the beginning of the twentieth century by a resident of the village of Kostelishche named Matrena Markovich. This flag has been used since independence after but in Soviet times the cloth was almost identical: it was complemented by a golden image of a sickle, a hammer and a star. Belarus is the only country that has preserved such symbols.

Flag value

Red color has ancient meaning the sun, the struggle for a just cause and blood ties. In addition, he connects modern Belarusians with the events in which the inhabitants managed to defeat the crusaders, and with the heroes of the Second World War. Green is the color of nature, it is a sign of a fruitful field, hardworking peasants, forests and meadows for which the country is so famous. White serves as a symbol of freedom. Even the name of the state is associated with this color. The Belarusian ornament symbolizes the ancient culture, it is a kind of spell of divine powers. It contains diligence, a wish for happiness, eternity and movement. By combining its elements, the Belarusian flag tells the history of the people and its main

Not less than significant symbol is the coat of arms of the country. He, like the flag, captures the most important national values Belarusians, their desire for peace and readiness to fight for freedom, unity, hard work. The coat of arms of Belarus is carried out on a silver field, in the center of which there is a green contour. It follows the golden rays of the sun that rises above the planet Earth. Above is a red field framed by wreaths of wheat ears, complemented by clover on the right, and flax flowers on the left. They are wrapped around with red-green ribbons three times, in the center they have the inscription "Republic of Belarus" in the state language. The symbolism of the green contour in the rays of the sun is simple - this is what all Belarusians direct their thoughts to, this motherland, which should be kept within the existing boundaries for future generations. Wreaths are signs of memory of ancestors. The coat of arms of Belarus reflects the ancient tradition of putting ears of corn in the house for good luck.

History of symbolism

As in other countries, the republic did not immediately come to the use of such heraldic signs. The modern coat of arms of Belarus has been used by all state bodies since 1995, when a nationwide referendum was held to determine important issues of symbolism and language. The flag was adopted at the same time. Some citizens believe that Soviet symbols should have been abandoned. The national coat of arms of Belarus and its flag used white and red colors and the “Pursuit” pattern. The opposition-minded population continues to use them, since such heraldry was in use until the Soviet era and more deeply reflects state history. But it is not planned to recognize them at the official level, removing the existing version.

State flag of the Republic of Belarus

The flag of the Republic of Belarus is a rectangular panel of two stripes: the top is red and the bottom is green. The ratio of the width of the stripes of red and green is 2:1. Our flag has three colors: red, green and white. Red color - since ancient times serves as a sign of the Sun, symbolizes blood ties, brotherhood, the struggle for a just cause. It means a high destiny in fate and victory. The red color on the modern flag of Belarus symbolizes the standards of the victorious Grunwald battle of the Belarusian regiments with the crusaders, the color of the banners of the Red Army and Belarusian partisan brigades. At the same time it is a sign of happiness, life. In the old days, noble people wore red hats and red sundresses. Green is the color of nature. This is the color of productive fields, inspected by the hardworking hands of grain growers, meadows and forests, which have long occupied the main territory of our country. Green is the color of goodness, growth, development, prosperity and peace.White is first and foremost the color of freedom.. No wonder the name of our country - Belarus - is associated with the inextinguishable will of the people to freedom. There was also Black Rus', so the land of Slavic tribes captured by enemies was conventionally called. However, white is the color moral purity and wisdom. And these qualities should be sacredly kept in their souls by the citizens of the Belarusian land. Overlaid on white belarusian national ornament, which combines red and green colors V graphic drawing filled with high meaning. Belarusian ornament symbolizes ancient culture people, spiritual wealth, unity. It is symbolic in origin. graphical way to spell higher divine powers. Through patterns, people expressed various wishes and precepts even in those times when there was no written language - they wanted to pass on the lessons of life to new generations. Of the numerous variants of Belarusian folk ornaments, the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus depicts a fragment of the most ancient and typical, made in 1917 by a simple peasant woman from the village of Kostelishche, Senno district, Matryona Markovich. He symbolizes, first of all, industriousness, skill as a prerequisite for any happiness, fate. In the center a rhombus with thick hooks means eternity and movement. The rhombus itself is ancient image Goddess of Earth and Fertility. At the same time, it is a symbol of a well-groomed, i.e. sown field, it is surrounded by signs conjuring about the harvest, good luck, the fulfillment of righteous, good desires. The even sides of the rhombus on the white stripe near the staff of the State Flag symbolize the generosity, cordiality, openness of our people to all peoples - neighbors. Smaller rhombuses are also spells - “bread”, i.e. food to be understood as food for the spirit and food for the body.

State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus


Green contour - in golden rays rising sun. This symbolism is quite simple: citizens direct all their thoughts to the Fatherland - this is our land. We will preserve it within the limits in which it was handed down to us by previous generations. Since ancient times, the wreath has been used by peoples as a reward for the winner and personified victory. wreath of ears, intertwined with flowers of clover and flax, is a symbol of memory and the indissoluble connection between contemporaries and ancestors.A wreath formed from a bunch of rye since ancient times, it has had a sacred meaning for all Slavic peoples who have created their own special culture over the centuries. The Slavs believed that a bunch or other grain message was the most worthy way to appeal to divine forces with a request to send down or bestow a new harvest and prosperity. To this day, many residents of our villages put in the house a sheaf or a bunch of ears from a new crop as guarantee of future success.Clover - a symbol of connection with the creative world of animals for which clover is the best food. The ancients believed that a person is a part of the whole world of living beings, able to save his life and ensure prosperity only if the rest of the animal world is preserved and prosperous. Linen is the cotton of the north, linen is symbol of the transformative power of labor, a sign of goodness and prosperity. Below the contour of the border of the Republic of Belarus there is a globe with the sun rising above it and golden rays. The image of the earth and the rising sun are two layers of symbols of life: the Earth is the basis of all life, the Sun is the source of life. The globe is a sign that Belarus, being a part of civilization, perceives all the peoples of the Earth as equal friends and partners, is ready to be friends and trade with them. Earth in the rays of the sun - faith in the eternity of life. The unity of the Earth and the Sun is the main sign of life. This symbolism is captured in the ancient myths of mankind. The red star - a five-pointed star - is a symbol of man and humanity, a sign of courage and lofty thoughts. Five rays symbolize the connection, friendship of people from all five continents of the Earth. This emphasizes the friendly nature of our people.
National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus
On September 24, 1955, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR approved the text and music of the National Anthem of the Belarusian Republic.
The text of the Belarusian poet Mikhail Klimkovich is “We, Belarusians”.
The composer, choirmaster, folklorist, organizer of the Belarusian Song and Dance Ensemble became the author of the music for the anthem of the BSSR. Music symbolizes the continuity of historical traditions Belarusian people. The author of the text of the anthem was the lyric poet Vladimir Ivanovich Karizna. Fragments of the former text written by the poet Mikhail Klimkovich were used in the anthem. It reflects the new political, economic and social conditions for the development of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign, peace-loving country, emphasizing the patriotism and hard work of citizens, friendly relations between representatives of all nationalities in our country.

DZYARZHAIONY ANTHEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Words by M.Klimkovich, U.Karyzna
Music by N.Sakalovsky

We, Belarusians, are peaceful people,
Sertsam addaniya native land,
Shchyra we sieve, we guard the forces
We are the forefathers, be free here."


Our beloved mother-Radzima,

Together with the brothers of husbands
We are relatives of the lamb,
In battles for freedom, battles for a share
Your zdabyvalі stsyag peramog!
Glory, our land is a bright name,
Hail, people, fraternal union!
Our beloved mother-Radzima,
Live forever and live, Belarus!
Friendship of the people - the strength of the people -
Our cherished, sonechny path.
Proudly know ў clear heights,
We are happy - we are happy!
Glory, our land is a bright name,
Hail, people, fraternal union!
Our beloved mother-Radzima,
Eternally live and live, Belarus