Star symbol - types and meanings. Five-pointed star: the meaning of the symbol and the history of its occurrence
Today, on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War a dispute broke out - under what symbol did our great fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought and died for our freedom?Whose symbol is the Kremlin under?
Curiosity prompted me to browse the available materials on the Internet.
Despite the fact that the five-pointed star, the pentagram is considered a symbol evil spirits I was surprised to find this element used twice in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
Five-pointed star over the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
Floor kiot for the icon in the symbolism of which a five-pointed red star is used in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
You can find opinions that the five-pointed star is an archaic-traditional image of the Star of Bethlehem, which is found in mosaic decoration:
Red Star in the House of the Lord. Mosaic panel from America, Mexico City.
The inverted pentagram is a symbol of the Transfiguration of the Lord in traditional iconography:
Gradually, the inverted pentagram became a symbol of the transfiguration of Christ, as well as his descent into the world (therefore, it is directed downward with a beam). In particular, we can recall the famous icon of Andrei Rublev "The Transfiguration of the Lord", painted by him at the beginning of the 15th century, where Christ is depicted against the background of a clearly visible inverted pentagram.
It must be emphasized here that Andrei Rublev is one of the most famous and most revered Orthodox icon painters, who, by the way, was canonized as a saint. He was the author of many rules, which later became the canons of icon painting, and the contribution that he made is still felt in icon painting.
The associations of the Savior with the five-pointed star were also sometimes argued with quotes from the Bible, for example: “I, Jesus, sent My Angel to testify this to you in the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright and morning star” (Rev. 22:16).
Copy of Andrei Rublev's icon "The Transfiguration of the Lord"
Three stars on the maphoria of the Mother of God - one on the forehead and two on the shoulders - are traditional elements of the Theotokos iconography, signs of Mary's virginity before, during and after the birth of Christ.
Icon Mother of God"Tenderness" ("Joy of All Joys").
Second half of the 18th century.
Wood, gesso, oil. Setting: early 20th century. Silver, chasing, engraving, filigree enamel, gems, gilding.
Patriarchal residence in Moscow.
The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg is replete with images of pentagrams. The above are not exceptions, but only vivid and well-known examples.
In most large temples, churches or basilicas, one can find, in one form or another, an image of a pentagram.
This topic has been discussed several times on the Internet and on forums.
There are quite good articles on this topic, in which there is enough evidence that the pentagram is one of the oldest Christian symbols, of course, without the hammer and sickle.
Without citing examples of its use by theomachists, we can say that regardless of this, it cannot lose its sacred meaning for a Christian.
If this symbol is used in two ways, then it probably needs to be restored to its former glory.
If by the providence of God it was destined for our parents and grandfathers, and we ourselves should serve, fight and die under this christian symbol, then you need to know that this symbol is Orthodox.
And the stars above the capital are not symbols of evil, but symbols of wide significance in Orthodoxy - the wounds of the Savior, the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Star of Bethlehem and the Nativity, the stars on the maforia of the Mother of God.
Yes, the theomachists used this symbol, yes - ignoramuses, yes - people who want to destroy Orthodoxy, but perhaps no one can unequivocally state that these symbols were used by the Soviet authorities exclusively for ritual satanic purposes.
Historically, the pentagram has become a symbol of the great sacrifices of the peoples inhabiting the territory first Russian Empire, then the USSR - innocent victims and victims who deliberately gave their lives for the future.
This symbol, as one of the oldest symbols of the expiatory sacrifice of the Savior, must be rehabilitated and, as an element of monuments of military glory, receive a Christian meaning.
Five pointed star (pentagram)
A symbol always contains more than its obvious and immediate meaning.
Carl Gustav Jung
Since ancient times, symbols have been the quintessence human knowledge, the absolute of information, the expression of the highest idea, revealing the nature of things. Being present in the architectural design of buildings, in the image of logos and names of famous brands, on state emblems and emblems various organizations and societies - ancient signs and symbols bring into our lives their hidden meaning, his idea of the world order and the world order. Being deep in our subconscious, they affect our life and psycho-emotional state.
Amiens Cathedral, France Here is the meaning of some of them:
Five pointed star (pentagram)
Contrary to a common stereotype, the five-pointed star (pentagram) is not a symbol of the devil or Satan. His "negative" The meaning of the five-pointed star is due to the demonologists of the times of the Inquisition. It was during the period of the witch hunt that the popular symbol began to be identified with the devil and Baphomet, associated with witchcraft and the forces of evil. Echoes of those times form the core of today's stereotype of the five-pointed star as a symbol of Satan.
In astronomy- the pentagram is the trajectory of the planet Venus.
The oldest documented evidence of the use of a five-pointed star found at the site ancient city Ur in Mesopathamia and dated to 3500 B.C.
The pentagram is ubiquitous in the design of buildings, structures and household items in the Ancient East, Egypt, India, China and Japan.
In ancient Babylon, they believed that the image of a five-pointed star on the doors of shops and warehouses would protect goods from damage and theft.
evangelical church IN ancient greece, a five-pointed star (pentagram) or pentalph (since it can be decomposed into five letters "alpha"), with light hand Pythagoras and his followers symbolized the harmony of the sacred union of heaven and earth. It was a symbol of the goddess of health Hygieia and served as a sign of the five human feelings. For the Pythagoreans, such a star was a symbol of mathematical perfection, since it hides in itself golden ratio(φ ≈ 1.618).
In 300-150 years. BC e. The pentagram was the emblem of Jerusalem.
Seal of the city of Jerusalem - 300 to 150 BC The early Christians used the five-pointed star as a reminder of the five wounds of Jesus, inscribed in a circle symbolizing the beginning and the end in Christ.
Under various names (the Star of the Microcosm, the star of the magicians, the pentacle of Will), the drawing of Agrippa Nettesheim is widely known, representing the figure of a man, with outstretched limbs, inscribed in a five-pointed star. This image is considered as an image of a holistic personality (Man-Microcosm), whose spirit and will dominate over the materiality of the four elements and their own passions (limbs).
In his desire to embrace the whole world (quadrangle) and, thanks to the knowledge of the laws governing it, such a person strives to go beyond its limits (upper ray) to a new happy being.
The inverted pentagram represents the figure of a man turned head down - a symbol of the will conquered by passions or a passive person who allows evil spirits bend to his will
The pentagram is present on one side of the seal (and/or amulet) of Emperor Constantine; on the other - the Constantine Cross is depicted
The center of the Order of the Templars (Rennes du Chartres, France) is surrounded by several miles of mountain peaks that form an almost regular pentagon. In the monuments that have survived from the Order, traces of the use of the pentagram as a symbol/matrix of the golden section are found.
Eliphas Levi wrote: "The flaming (flaming) star" as a symbol of initiation has been known since 1735. This sign is received by a Mason, having reached the degree of Apprentice. It symbolizes a person who has reached Illumination (quintessence, the release of the essence of the Self) as a result of painstaking work on oneself, as well as a thought free (purified) from all prejudices and superstitions. Usually such a star carries the image of the letter “G” in its center, and flames or beams of rays radiate from its corners. This radiance “reminds us of the sun, which illuminates the earth with its rays and allows its blessings to become human race giving light and life to all on earth. The letter is interpreted in various ways, referring to the concepts of knowledge and teaching - Greek. gnosis; geometry, God gott; glory - fr. la gloire; etc. “The pentagram, which in Gnostic schools is called a fiery star, is a sign of omnipotence and spiritual self-control ... The letter G, which free masons inscribe in the center of a fiery star, recalls two sacred words of ancient Kabbalah: “gnosis” and “generation”. The pentagram also means "great architect" - because no matter from which side we look at it, we see a large letter A.
Today, the origin of the red five-pointed star is described in different ways. Some of the publicists claim that the Bolsheviks adopted Masonic symbols for their state and calmed down on this. This is partly true, the influence of Masonic organizations on revolutionary activity in Europe can hardly be overestimated. But the question of the symbolism of the young state is much more complicated than it is commonly believed: after all, it was formed over the years, and the most different people took part in this process. For example, the swastika, which at first they tried to introduce as a symbol of the communist movement, did not come from the Freemasons, but from the supporters of the Theosophy of Helena Blavatsky.
There are several interpretations of the meaning of the red five-pointed star.
The star as a concept of European thinking initially served as a symbol of eternity, later it became a symbol of high aspirations and ideals.
Even the ancient Pythagoreans, who believed that the world is based on a number, made a discovery: the proportions of a five-pointed star are based on the principle of extraordinary attractiveness to the eye. Later, these proportions were called the "golden section".
The five-pointed star is anthropomorphic (that is, humanoid): in the famous drawing by Leonardo da Vinci, a man with closed legs and outstretched arms looks like a cross; with open legs - on a star.
Stars in heraldry differed both in the number of rays forming them and in color. The combination of both gives different meanings and national values every star. Five-pointed star (pentalph, pentagram, star turned "head", that is, one of the rays up) - ancient symbol protection, safety and security. And vice versa, a five-pointed star, turned with one beam down and two up, acquires an ominous and bad meaning - in Western Europe since the Middle Ages, it has been customary to consider such an inverted star a sign of the devil. The origin of the symbol is hidden.
It is now believed that Europeans borrowed a star from cultures ancient egypt or China. But it turns out that the five-pointed star has been familiar to the peoples of the North since ancient times. For example, among the Saami of Russian Lapland, the five-pointed star was considered a universal amulet protecting deer - the basis of the lifestyle of most northerners. In North Karelia in mid-nineteenth century, the fact of honoring the five-pointed star by Karelian hunters is attested. Stumbling in winter forest on a bear, the hunter quickly drew three five-pointed stars in a row in the snow and retreated behind them. It was believed that the bear would not be able to cross this line.
And among the Russian pagans, the red five-pointed star was considered a sign of the spring god Yarila, the patron saint of farmers and warriors.
The profane perceived the pentalpha as the main symbol of Freemasonry, since "it has a connection with the tradition of the Kabbalah and goes back to the" seal of Solomon ", with which he marked the cornerstone of his Temple." However, this is an erroneous idea - in the symbolism of the brotherhood of masons, the five-pointed star had a subordinate meaning.
Freemasons and other European occultists especially appreciated not the red, but the “flaming” star. The famous mystic Dr. Papus reported about her: “The brothers learned about the existence invisible light, which is a source of unknown forces and energies - this secret light is depicted as a pentagonal star. She was symbol of man radiating from itself a mysterious light, and thus established this wonderful emblem.
In Soviet symbols, the red star appeared after the All-Russian Collegium for the Organization and Formation of the Red Army, formed on December 20, 1917, proposed it as a military emblem. Specifically, Konstantin Yeremeev, the first Soviet commander of the troops of the Petrograd Military District, chairman of the Commission for the Formation of the Red Army, spoke for her. According to another version, the author of the idea was the military commissar of the Moscow military district Polyansky.
By order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of April 19, 1918, the red five-pointed star was introduced as a badge for all personnel of the Red Army. Its wearing was confirmed by the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 310 dated May 7 of the same year.
The wearing of the sign was also regulated by the order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs No. 321 dated May 7, 1918, signed by Trotsky, Mekhanoshin, Podvoisky and Sklyansky. The order read: “The Red Army badge belongs to persons serving in the Red Army. Persons who are not in the service of the Red Army are invited to remove these signs immediately. Those who fail to comply with this order will be prosecuted by a military tribunal. The Order enters into force from the date of its publication.
The order was accompanied by a description and drawing of the Red Army badge.
According to an article in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the red star symbolized the struggle of workers for liberation "from the hunger of war, poverty and slavery", was the emblem of the "workers' and peasants' Soviet power, the defender of the poor and the equality of all workers." Explaining this symbol, the Military Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a special leaflet with the image of a star. Among other things, it said:
“This red star is a sign of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the defender of all working people, all the poor. You see a hammer and a plow on a red star. Do you know what it is? Hammer and plow mean the unity of the urban worker and the village plowman, who have entered into an alliance in order to last drop blood to defend their land and will, their worker-peasant power and the socialist Fatherland from the enemies and executioners of the working people.
However, it is unlikely that the Revolutionary Military Council ignored one more meaning of the symbol: the red star - Mars - the god of war. And almost certainly many revolutionaries easily accepted the red five-pointed star, because they remembered Bogdanov's popular novel, in which the red star was a sign of utopia, a better and more just future.
Later, other, sometimes curious, interpretations appeared.
The Merit of Jewry to the Workers
In 1923, the symbol of the five-pointed star was included in the coat of arms of the USSR as a badge as a figurative addition to the motto "Proletarians of all countries, unite!". At the same time, the five rays of the star were explained as five continents, where there is a struggle between labor and capital. From that moment on, the red star began to be considered the emblem of the international solidarity of workers. The Red Star has regained its cosmopolitan character, not tied to the national army of a particular state. The god of war was replaced by the god of the coming world unity ...
IN Lately I was interested in symbolism (there were some lessons in "shaping"). Especially the meanings of the stars.
Of course, the most sacred figure is a circle and a three-dimensional prototype - a ball. After all, if we take space, then from the planet they have the shape of a sphere. And the stars-symbols fit in and are calculated precisely thanks to the circle and the compass - nothing else is needed for accuracy!
One of famous stars - Star of David. Very ancient Jewish sign.
As you can see, it fits easily into the center of the circle, just like the five-pointed pentagram (more on that later). To find the rays, you need to divide the circle with a line and adjust the length of the radius of the circle from the existing diameter. Now, from each side point, we put a compass there and make new points - six points have come out that we can connect to each other. Such an easy explanation (who understood) how to exactly find a star, which essentially consists of three triangles.
Star of David or Seal of Solomon, Star of Goliath, or else Hexagram means a symbol illustrating the universal circulation of the cosmos and at the same time indicating the norms of behavior for a person.
But what does this star mean for men and women. Find the difference!
Of course, living in our time, I disagree with many things, but the fact remains! ;)
Okay, let's finish it, with the hexagram! The next one was supposed to be the Star Octagon, but in the way I mentioned pentagram, then we will talk about it. Who does not know the pentagram or, in other words, the pentacle. Pentacle is more like to call this symbol people one way or another related to magic. The geometric symbol of harmony, health and mystical forces - this is exactly what the pentagram is.
The wiki says that:
First famous images pentagrams date back to around 3500 BC. e., these are five-pointed stars painted on clay, found in the ruins of the ancient city of Uruk. Images of pentagrams are also found on Egyptian statues. As he reports in his New Encyclopedia Frank Freemasonry "Arthur Waite, the Egyptians called the pentagram" the star of the dog-headed Anubis.
The pentagram was widely known as a sign that protects from all evil; faith in its protective properties was so deep that in ancient Babylon it was depicted on the doors of shops and warehouses to protect goods from damage and theft. It was also for the initiates a powerful sign of power. So in the same Babylon, for example, this sign is often found on royal seals, and, according to modern scientists, it personified "the power of the ruler, which extended to all four cardinal points."
The Jews associated the pentagram with their sacred Pentateuch, received by Moses from God. The ancient Greeks called the pentagram Pentalph, which means "five letters of alpha", since the symbol can be decomposed into alpha five times. For early Christians, the pentagram was a reminder of the five wounds of Christ: from the crown of thorns on the forehead, from the nails in the hands and feet.
I cannot fail to note that in Ancient China this star (U-Sin Pentagram) signified the five elements.
It includes five classes (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) characterizing the state and interconnection of all existing objects and phenomena. The sequence of elements is defined in the canon "Shu jing", chapter "Hong fan"
Mutual generation is as follows: Wood generates Fire, Fire generates Earth, Earth generates Metal, Metal generates Water, Water generates Wood.
Mutual overcoming is as follows: Wood conquers Earth, Earth conquers Water, Water conquers Fire, Fire conquers Metal, Metal conquers Wood.
As for other and more familiar interpretations to us, the five-pointed star reads like this:
Many consider this to be a Western religion, but the Slavs, long before baptism (albeit without a star :)), also revered these five elements.
The pentagram is a symbol of a perfect person standing on two legs with outstretched arms. We can say that a person is a living pentagram. This is true both physically and spiritually - a person possesses five virtues and manifests them: love, wisdom, truth, justice and kindness.
Truth belongs to the spirit, love to the soul, wisdom to the intellect, kindness to the heart, justice to the will.
Later symbolism: five senses; male and feminine, expressed by five points; harmony, health and mystical powers. The pentagram is also a symbol of the victory of the spiritual over the material, a symbol of security, protection, a safe return home.
Pentagram as a magical symbol:
A pentacle with one end up and two down is a sign of white magic, known as the "foot of the druid"; with one end down and two up, it represents the so-called "goat's hoof" and the horns of the devil - a sign change characteristic of symbolism from positive to negative when it is turned over.
The pentagram of the White Magician is a symbol of magical influence and the dominance of a disciplined Will over the phenomena of the world. The will of the Black Magician is directed to destruction, to the refusal to perform a spiritual task, therefore the inverted pentagram is considered as a symbol of evil.
I would like to point out that:
For many millennia, the pentagram personified a symbol of goodness and light. And in just 500 years, it has become a symbol of evil.
And a little more about double pentagram(man and the universe):
There is also a correspondence between the human body and the five elements (earth, water, air, fire and ether): will corresponds to earth, heart to water, intellect to air, soul to fire, spirit to ether. Thus, by his will, intellect, heart, soul, spirit, a person is connected with the five elements working in the cosmos, and he can consciously work in harmony with them. This is the meaning of the symbol of the double pentagram, in which the small one is inscribed in the large one: a person (microcosm) lives and acts inside the Universe (macrocosm).
Now it's the turn Octagonal the most static star, consisting of two squares.
This figure is an interweaving of two squares, a symbol of the relationship between God and man. A person who carries the karma of God in himself and is freed from his personal and universal karma. To shed karma, a person must be selfless and not attached to his own personality.
The figure is also interpreted as a mess in which everything disappears and a mess of harmony.
This star was taken as a basis by one of the four dominant religions - Islam. But I met her in our churches. Here, recently in Kiev botanical garden I went to our Church and found there the patterns of the stars of the Hexogram and the Octagonal square.
The square symbolizes the most practical use of space. And because it is this star that symbolizes Balance ...
And now about others ... briefly;)
I also found confusion on many sites about what it looks like star of bethlehem -
five pointed star -
The five-pointed star is interpreted in different ways, including it symbolizes joy and happiness. It is also the emblem of the Semitic goddess Ishtar in her martial incarnation, and in addition, the Star of Bethlehem. For Freemasons, the five-pointed star symbolizes the mystical center.
The Egyptians attached great importance to the five- and six-pointed stars, as is clear from the text preserved on the wall of the funerary temple of Hatshepsut.
seven-pointed star-
In the seven-pointed star are repeated character traits five-pointed. The Gnostic star has seven rays.
Seven- and nine-pointed stars drawn in one line are mystical stars in astrology and magic.
The star of the magicians is read in two ways: sequentially along the rays (along the line of the star) and along the circumference. In the course of the rays, there are planets that control the days of the week: Sun - Sunday, Moon - Monday, Mars - Tuesday, Mercury - Wednesday, Jupiter - Thursday, Venus - Friday, Saturn - Saturday.
nine pointed star-
Nine-pointed stars, like seven-pointed ones, if they are drawn in one line, are mystical stars in astrology and magic.
The nine-pointed star, made up of three triangles, symbolizes the Holy Spirit
Star Inglia (Our Slavic sign)-
The concept of element is very capacious. This is a powerful force of Nature, its main element, as well as a phenomenon that is not subject to the will of man.
The sign "Inglia" is a nine-pointed star, composed of three equilateral triangles inscribed in a circle, and is a symbol of faith of the First Ancestors of the Slavs-Aryans.
Each of its triangles personifies the three elements of the universe: Fire, Earth and Water, and the circle, or Great Kolo, is the personification of Air.
And finally...
star tetrahedron- 
I was forced to do such a handsome man along with a star quadrahedron on insta! :) It's a pity I can't show it - I passed it! ;)
OK...
Star quadrahedron
star tetrahedron- a figure consisting of two mutually intersecting tetrahedra. This figure can also be perceived as a three-dimensional star of David.
Tetrahedra manifest as two opposite laws: the law of the spirit (radiation, bestowal, selflessness, selflessness) and the law of matter (drawing inward, cooling, freezing, paralysis). Only a person can consciously combine these two laws, since he is the link between the world of spirit and the world of matter.
The star tetrahedron thus represents the two poles of creation in perfect balance.
Thank you for your attention! I wrote and collected information for a very long time, so I ask you to specify the afftor when copying the text,
Regards Keytalin
Pentagram as a symbol in the mind Orthodox person I bought negative character. The star is interpreted as an absolutely non-Christian symbol, associated with evil. But this is completely untrue, since the meaning of the five-pointed star in Orthodoxy is very important.
What does a star mean in Orthodoxy
For the Jews, the star means the Pentateuch given by the Lord to Moses. These are books in which the basic laws are concentrated and the very rhythm of the life of the Jews is determined: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. They are the essence of the Old Testament faith.
The pentagram is used in the interior of the Cathedral of the Nativity in Bethlehem
But the pentagram embodies all the main tenets of Christianity, and is also their visible designation:
- the star has five rays, the main ray is directed upwards, the five rays of the pentagram indicate the full implementation of the basic tenets of Christianity;
- two beams mean that Jesus Christ God and man are simultaneously unmerged, inseparable, unmerged;
- three rays is the designation of the Holy Trinity, one of the main doctrines Christian Church upon which all doctrine rests.
The five-pointed star is also associated with Christmas. After all, it was she who was seen by the magi and she brought them to the baby Christ. Therefore, the five-pointed star in Orthodoxy also has the meaning of the Star of Bethlehem.
The pentagram is associated with the Transfiguration of the Lord. The gospel event, when Jesus Christ on Mount Tabor was transformed in front of his disciples, so that a dazzling radiance emanated from him divine light.
Icon "Transfiguration of the Lord" with the image of a pentogram
In iconography, this moment is reflected in the icon of the Transfiguration of the Lord, which was painted by St. Andrei Rublev. There, Christ is depicted against the background of a five-pointed star, and it is a symbol of that very Divine light and at the same time is a visible expression of the main Orthodox dogmas: the Holy Trinity and the God-manhood of Jesus Christ.
Important! Among Catholics, the five ends of the pentagram also symbolize the five wounds of Jesus Christ: two on the hands, two on the legs and one from a spear under the ribs. This is a sign of the suffering of the God-man for people. In Orthodoxy, this interpretation of the star is less common, but also has its adherents.
Where and how is it shown
The pentagram is often found in the design of Orthodox churches, especially those that were built before 1917.
Here are just a few of them:
- Bethlehem Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ;
- Savior on Blood in St. Petersburg.
The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood has an image of a star even on the facades, and not only on the interior painting of the temple. The icon-painting images of the Mother of God also give us the opportunity to see the pentagram on the maphoria (outer garment) of the Mother of God.
IN this case three stars are depicted: two on the shoulders and one on the forehead. They symbolize that the Mother of God was a virgin before the birth of Christ, while carrying the fetus and after His birth.
Three stars on the maforia of the Mother of God are traditional elements of the iconography of the Mother of God
Draw a pentagram in the Orthodox tradition as follows:
- all five rays are equal in size;
- the upper beam is highlighted;
- the two lower beams are spaced evenly to the sides.
In general, a rather harmonious figure is obtained, which really resembles a cross. On the icon of the Transfiguration by Andrei Rublev, the star is inverted, the upper beam is lowered down.
So the pentagram has ancient origin, but is a Christian symbol, which embodies the doctrine of the Holy Trinity and the Incarnation, as well as the virginity of the Virgin before, during and after the birth of Jesus Christ.
In addition, it is a symbol of the suffering of Christ for humanity. We can say that the star briefly and succinctly outlines in one image all the main doctrines of Christianity.
Where else is the pentagram used
Currently, the five-pointed star is highly discredited in the eyes of the Orthodox for the following reasons:
- the inverted pentagram began to be used by occultists to compile special pentagrammatoms, spell symbols, including those to summon unclean spirits;
- the star has become a symbol Soviet state the most theomachist in the history of mankind, the existence of such a regime became the reason for repressions against millions of believers.
But still, despite the use of the star by forces hostile to Christianity, it continues to be a symbol that organically belongs to Christianity. This means that the stars above the Kremlin towers, and on the shoulder straps of the military, should not cause rejection and rejection.
The meaning of the five-pointed star
