100 famous paintings. The most famous and significant paintings of the world for the history of art
Magnificent works of art by the hands of great masters can surprise even people for whom art means little. That is why world-famous museums are among the most popular attractions, attracting millions of visitors a year.
To stand out from the huge number of paintings written throughout the history of art, the artist needs not only talent, but also the ability to express a unique plot in an unusual and very relevant way for his time.
The paintings below speak loudly not only about the talent of their authors, but also about the many cultural trends that have come and gone, and about the most important historical events which have always been reflected in art.
"Birth of Venus"
This painting, painted by the great Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, depicts the moment when the beautiful Venus appears from the sea foam. One of the most compelling aspects of the painting is the modest pose of the goddess and her simple yet beautiful face.
"Dogs play poker"
Painted by Cassius Coolidge in 1903, this series of 16 paintings depicts dogs gathered around a coffee or gambling table playing poker. Many critics recognize these paintings as the canonical depiction of Americans of the era.
Portrait of Madame Recamier
Painted by Jacques-Louis David, this portrait depicts a glitzy socialite in a contrastingly minimalist and simple setting, dressed in a simple sleeveless white dress. This is a vivid example of neoclassicism in portrait art.
№5
This famous painting by Jackson Pollock is his most iconic work, vividly depicting all the chaos that raged in the soul and mind of Pollock. This is one of the most expensive works ever sold by an American artist.
"Son of Man"
"The Son of Man" by Rene Magritte is a kind of self-portrait depicting the artist himself in a black suit, but with an apple instead of a face.
"Number 1" ("Royal Red and Blue")
This rather recent piece by Mark Rothko is nothing more than brushstrokes of three different shades on a handmade canvas. The painting is currently on display at the Art Institute of Chicago.
"Massacre of the Innocent"
Based on the biblical story of the massacre of innocent babies in Bethlehem, Peter Paul Rubens created this macabre and brutal painting that touches the emotions of all who look at it.
"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grande Jatte"
Designed by Georges Seurat, this unique and very popular painting depicts the relaxed atmosphere of a weekend in big city. Such painting is an excellent example of pointillism, which combines many dots into one whole.
"Dance"
"Dance" by Henri Matisse is an example of a style called Fauvism, which is characterized by bright, almost unnatural colors and shapes and high dynamics.
"American Gothic"
"American Gothic" is a work of art that perfectly symbolizes the image of Americans during the Great Depression. In this painting, Grant Wood depicted a stern, apparently religious couple standing in front of a simple house with gothic windows.
"Flower Loader"
This painting by the most popular Mexican painter of the 20th century, Diego Rivera, depicts a man who can hardly bear a basket overloaded with bright tropical flowers on his back.
"Whistler's Mother"
Also known as "Arrangement in Gray and Black. The Artist's Mother", this is one of the most famous paintings American artist James Whistler. In this painting, Whistler depicted his mother sitting in a chair against a gray wall. The painting uses only black and gray shades.
"The Persistence of Memory"
This is a cult work of no less cult Salvador Dali, the world-famous Spanish surrealist who brought this movement to the forefront of art.
Portrait of Dora Maar
Pablo Picasso is one of the most popular and influential Spanish painters. He is the founder of the sensational style at the time, called cubism, which seeks to break up any object and convey it with clear geometric shapes. This painting is the first portrait in the cubist style.
"Portrait of an Artist Without a Beard"
This painting by Van Gogh is a self-portrait, and unique, because it depicts the painter without the usual beard. In addition, this is one of the few Van Gogh paintings that have been sold to private collections.
"Night Cafe Terrace"
Painted by Vincent van Gogh, this painting depicts a familiar sight in a whole new way, using amazingly vibrant colors and unusual shapes.
"Composition VIII"
Wassily Kandinsky is recognized as the founder abstract art- a style that uses shapes and symbols instead of familiar objects and people. "Composition VIII" is one of the first paintings by the artist, made exclusively in this style.
"Kiss"
One of the first works of art in the Art Nouveau style, this painting is almost entirely done in gold tones. The painting by Gustav Klimt is one of the most striking works of style.
"Ball at the Moulin de la Galette"
The painting by Pierre Auguste Renoir is a vivid and dynamic depiction of city life. In addition, it is one of the most expensive paintings in the world.
"Olympia"
In Olympia, Édouard Manet created a real controversy, almost a scandal, since a naked woman with a gaze is clearly a mistress, not veiled by the myths of the classical period. This is one of the early works in the style of realism.
"Third May 1808 in Madrid"
In this work, Francisco Goya depicted Napoleon's attack on the Spaniards. This is one of the first Spanish paintings to portray the war in a negative light.
"Las Meninas"
The most famous painting by Diego Velasquez depicts the five-year-old Infanta Margherita in front of a portrait of her parents painted by Velasquez.
"Portrait of the Arnolfinis"
This picture is one of oldest works painting. It was painted by Jan van Eyck and depicts Italian businessman Giovanni Arnolfini and his pregnant wife in their home in Bruges.
"Scream"
A painting by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch depicts a man's face distorted by fear against a blood-red sky. The landscape in the background adds a dark charm to this painting. In addition, The Scream is one of the first expressionist paintings where realism is kept to a minimum to allow more freedom for emotion.
"Waters"
Water Lilies, by Claude Monet, is part of a series of 250 paintings depicting elements of the artist's own garden. These paintings are exhibited in various art museums around the world.
"Starlight Night"
"Starry Night" by Van Gogh is one of the most famous images in contemporary culture. It is currently on display at the Museum. contemporary art in NYC.
"Fall of Icarus"
This painting, painted Dutch artist Pieter Brueghel, shows the indifference of man to the suffering of his fellow men. A strong social theme is shown here quite in a simple way, using the image of Icarus drowning under water, and people ignoring his suffering.
"The Creation of Adam"
The Creation of Adam is one of several magnificent frescoes by Michelangelo adorning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican Palace. It depicts the creation of Adam. In addition to the image of the ideal human forms, the fresco is one of the first attempts in the history of art to portray God.
"The Last Supper"
This fresco by the great Leonardo depicts the last supper of Jesus before his betrayal, arrest and death. In addition to composition, form and color, the discussion of this fresco is replete with theories about hidden symbols and the presence of Mary Magdalene next to Jesus.
"Guernica"
"Guernica" by Picasso depicts the explosion of the Spanish city of the same name during the Spanish civil war. This is a black-and-white picture, negatively depicting fascism, Nazism and their ideas.
"Girl with a Pearl Earring"
This painting by Johannes Vermeer is often referred to as the Dutch Mona Lisa, not only because of its extraordinary popularity, but also because the expression on the girl's face is difficult to capture and explain.
"Beheading of John the Baptist"
The painting by Caravaggio very realistically depicts the moment of the murder of John the Baptist in prison. The semi-darkness of the painting and the facial expressions of its characters make it a true classic masterpiece.
"The night Watch"
"The night Watch"is one of the most famous paintings by Rembrandt. It depicts group portrait rifle company led by its officers. A unique aspect of the painting is the semi-darkness, which gives the impression of a night scene.
"School of Athens"
Painted by Raphael in his early Roman period, this fresco depicts famous Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Euclid, Socrates, Pythagoras and others. Many philosophers are depicted as contemporaries of Raphael, for example, Plato - Leonardo da Vinci, Heraclitus - Michelangelo, Euclid - Bramante.
"Mona Lisa"
Probably the most famous painting in the world is Leonardo da Vinci's Gioconda, better known as the Mona Lisa. This canvas is a portrait of Mrs. Gherardini, who attracts attention with a mysterious expression on her face.
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was a famous Italian painter, architect, philosopher, musician, writer, explorer, mathematician, engineer, anatomist, inventor and geologist. Known for his paintings, the most famous of which are " The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa”, as well as numerous inventions that were far ahead of their time, but remained only on paper. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci made an important contribution to the development of anatomy, astronomy and technology.
Raphael Santi (March 28, 1483 – April 6, 1520) was a great Italian painter and architect active during the Renaissance, covering the period from the end of the 15th century to the early years of the 16th century. Raphael is traditionally considered one of the three great masters of this period, along with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Many of his works are in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican, in a room called Raphael's Stanza. Among others, here is his most famous work - "The School of Athens".
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velasquez (June 6, 1599 – August 6, 1660) - Spanish painter, portrait painter, court painter of King Philip IV, greatest representative golden age of Spanish painting. In addition to numerous paintings depicting historical and cultural scenes from the past, he painted many portraits of the Spanish royal family, as well as other famous European figures. The most famous work of Velasquez is the painting "La Meninas" (or "Family of Philip IV") of 1656, located in the Prado Museum in Madrid.
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (October 25, 1881 - April 8, 1973) is a world-famous Spanish artist and sculptor, the founder of the direction in fine arts - cubism. Considered one of the greatest artists who influenced the development of fine arts in the 20th century. Experts, was recognized as the best artist among those who have lived over the past 100 years, as well as the most "expensive" in the world. During his life, Picasso created about 20 thousand works (according to other sources, 80 thousand).
Vincent Willem van Gogh (March 30, 1853 – July 29, 1890) was a famous Dutch painter who gained fame only after his death. According to many experts, Van Gogh is one of the greatest artists in the history of European art, as well as one of the most prominent representatives of post-impressionism. Author of more than 2,100 works of art, including 870 paintings, 1,000 drawings and 133 sketches. His numerous self-portraits, landscapes and portraits are among the most recognizable and expensive works of art in the world. The most famous work of Vincent van Gogh, perhaps, is considered a series of paintings called "Sunflowers".
Michelangelo Buonarroti (March 6, 1475 - February 18, 1564) - the world-famous Italian sculptor, artist, architect, poet and thinker, who left an indelible imprint on the whole world culture. The most famous work of the artist, perhaps, are the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Among his sculptures, the most famous are "Pieta" ("Lamentation of Christ") and "David". Of the works of architecture - the design of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. Interestingly, Michelangelo became the first representative of Western European art, whose biography was written during his lifetime.
In fourth place in the ranking of the most famous artists in the world is Masaccio (December 21, 1401-1428) - a great Italian artist who had a huge impact on other masters. Masaccio lived a very short life, so there is little biographical evidence about him. Only four of his frescoes have survived, which, without a doubt, are the work of Masaccio. Others are believed to have been destroyed. Masaccio's most famous work is the Trinity fresco in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy.
Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a Flemish (South Dutch) painter, one of the greatest artists of the Baroque era, known for his extravagant style. Considered the most versatile artist of his time. In his works, Rubens emphasized and embodied vitality and color sensibility. He painted numerous portraits, landscapes and historical paintings with mythological, religious and allegorical subjects. The most famous work of Rubens is the triptych "Descent from the Cross" written in the period from 1610 to 1614 and brought the artist worldwide fame.
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (September 29, 1571 – July 18, 1610) was a great Italian artist of the early Baroque period, the founder of European realistic painting of the 17th century. In his works, Caravaggio skillfully used the contrasts of light and shadow, focusing on details. Often depicted ordinary Romans, people from the streets and markets in the images of saints and Madonnas. Examples are "The Evangelist Matthew", "Bacchus", "Conversion of Saul", etc. One of the most famous paintings of the artist is "The Lute Player" (1595), which Caravaggio called the most successful piece of painting for him.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) - famous Dutch painter and engraver, who is considered the greatest and most famous artist peace. Author of about 600 paintings, 300 etchings and 2 thousand drawings. Its characteristic feature is a masterful play with light effects and deep shadows. The most famous work of Rembrandt is the four-meter painting "Night Watch", written in 1642 and now stored in State Museum Amsterdam.
100 great paintings (Part 1)
Great canvases are always a mirror of time, in whatever complex allegorical form the artist may clothe them. Not every picture is clear to the viewer at first sight, some of them require close attention, reflection, certain preparation and knowledge.
On our website we want not only to talk about the most famous works of world art, but to provide an opportunity for everyone to order a high-quality reproduction on natural canvas of a favorite masterpiece.
Jan van Eyck(1390-1441) is considered to be the largest Netherlandish painter of the 15th century, who laid the foundation for the realistic tradition in altar painting. Originally from a small Dutch town on the Meuse River, in 1422, already a respected master, he entered the service of Count John of Bavaria and until 1424 participated in the decoration of the count's palace in The Hague. In 1425, Van Eyck moved to Lille, where he became the court painter of the Duke of Burgundy, Philip III the Good. At the court of the duke, who highly appreciated the artist, he not only painted, but also carried out many diplomatic missions, repeatedly traveling to Spain and Portugal.
In 1431, Van Eyck moved to Bruges, where he lived until the end of his days, performing work both as a court painter and as an artist of the city. The greatest number of works that have come down to us was written by the master at a time when he was in the service of the Duke of Burgundy.
One of the most famous works Van Eyck, Portrait of the Arnolfinis, is in the collection of the National Gallery in London. In the picture depicting the marriage ceremony of two wealthy young people, the artist found a place for several symbols - for example, for a dog located at the feet of the newlywed, a symbol of fidelity. In a round mirror hanging on the wall in the depths of the composition, two people are reflected - obviously, the witnesses of the marriage. In one of them, the artist depicted himself, as the inscription above the mirror says. The artist performed the newlyweds in full growth. The painter lovingly depicts things surrounding the newlyweds. These items tell a lot about the lifestyle of their owners, emphasizing their burgher virtues - thrift, modesty, love of order.
The content of the painting described above is only the most common version, but for some researchers, another one is attractive: This is a self-portrait of the artist. Back in 1934, the well-known Austrian art critic Erwin Panofsky suggested that the painting depicts not a marriage, but an engagement. In addition, it was established that Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife did not exist, and the woman depicted in the picture is clearly waiting for the addition of the family. And Margarita van Eyck (the artist's sister) on June 30, 1434 gave birth to a son.
So who is the hero of the picture? Or is it really a family scene, and not a custom portrait at all? The question is still open...
Van Eyck introduces the viewer to privacy people, showing the beauty of everyday life. By doing this, he opened up new, realistic possibilities of fine art, which were fully realized only in the 17th century, when many similar paintings were created in Holland.
This greatest creation of the artist, like his "Spring", for more than three hundred years was in deep oblivion in the quiet villa of Castello in the vicinity of Florence. The picture was noticed only in the middle of the last century, when the Pre-Raphaelite painters Milles and Rossetti rediscovered Botticelli as one of the rarest talents of Italy in the 15th century.
The Birth of Venus was written for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, cousin of Lorenzo the Magnificent and Botticelli's most important patron. Florence, where the artist spent most of his life, was ruled by the powerful Medici family. The plot of the picture is connected with the culture of the court of Lorenzo Medici, imbued with the philosophy of Neoplatonism. This time of the stanzas of Poliziano and the sonnets of Lorenzo the Magnificent, the time of tournaments and carnival processions was the heyday of Botticelli.
In The Birth, Sandro Botticelli depicted the image of Aphrodite Urania - the heavenly Venus, the daughter of Uranus, born from the sea without a mother. The picture captures not so much the birth itself, but the moment that followed when, driven by the breath of the geniuses of the air, Venus reaches the promised shore. The beauty of the naked figure is crowned by the nymph Ora, who is the embodiment of nature, she is ready to cover her with a cloak. Ora is one of the three Mountains, the nymphs of the seasons. This Mountain, judging by the flowers that cover her clothes, patronizes that time of the year when the power of Venus reaches its peak. Perhaps this picture of the artist was inspired by one of the Homeric hymns, which describes how Zephyr, the god west wind, brought Venus to the island of Cyprus, where the Mountains accepted her.
According to Lorenzo Medici's circle, Venus, the goddess of love, is also the goddess of humanity. It is she who teaches people reason, valor, she is the mother of Harmony, born from the union of matter and spirit, nature and ideas, love and soul.
The world's most famous painting, the Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, is in the Louvre.
The Mona Lisa was created between 1503 and 1506 and completed in 1510. It is still unclear who exactly posed for the great master. The artist received an order for the painting from Francesco del Giocondo, a Florentine silk merchant, and most historians and art historians believe that the portrait depicts Lisa Gherardini, Giocondo's wife, who commissioned the portrait in honor of the birth of their second son, who was born in December 1502. Nevertheless, for 500 years, disputes have not subsided about who is really depicted in this famous painting.
The word "Mona" is most likely an abbreviated form of "monna" or "mia donna", that is, "milady" or "madame". In French it is called "La Joconde", and in Italian - "La Gioconda" (merry), but this is only a play on words, a coincidence with the name of the one that served as the prototype of the picture.
The portrait is an excellent example of Leonard's favorite technique, the so-called sfumato - "smoky chiaroscuro", a gentle half-light with a soft range of tones that seem to be slightly smeared and smoothly transition from one to another. At the same time, Leonardo marks the corners of the mouth and eyes with such precision and grace that the picture acquires a truly fantastic quality.
Some researchers argue that the picture is a self-portrait of Leonardo himself, who gave his appearance feminine features or even features of a hermaphrodite. And indeed, if the image of Mona Lisa to remove the hair, you get a strange sexless face. This hypothesis was confirmed by the work done by independent researchers - Lillian Schwartz from the Bell Labs laboratory and Digby Quest from the Maudsley clinic in London, who confirmed the hypothesis that Leonardo could portray himself in the image of Mona Lisa. The researchers compared using special computer programs"Mona Lisa" and a self-portrait of Leonardo, made when he was already at a venerable age. The result is amazing. "Mona Lisa" turned out to be almost a mirror image of the face of the great master. Almost all facial features matched perfectly, including the tip of the nose, lips and eyes.
In 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre by the Italian Vincenzo Perugia, who worked as a carpenter in the museum. He simply carried the painting out of the gallery, hiding it under his clothes. The famous painting was found only in 1913, when the kidnapper tried to sell it to a certain collector. Prior to this, Leonardo's masterpiece was kept in a suitcase with a double bottom. The attacker explained what he had done by saying that he wished to return to Italy a painting that had been illegally exported by Napoleon Bonaparte.
From Robert Cumming's Great Artists:
"Commonly known as the 'Venus of Dresden', this painting was extremely original, unparalleled in the art of classical antiquity. The work demonstrates the artist's interest in a new ideal of beauty, where the poetic mood prevails over the rational content.
This reclining nude has become one of the most popular images European painting. Giorgione depicts a figure sleeping under a tree with closed eyes, immersed in dreams and unaware that she is being watched. Almost all later variations on this theme depict her awake. In particular, Manet in his "Olympia" depicted "Venus" offering sexual services.
The soft shades and rounded shapes of Venus speak of the influence of Leonardo da Vinci, which can also be seen in the solution of the folds of the draperies. "Dresden Venus" was written in one decade in "Mona Lisa" - and both immediately gave rise to many copies and imitations.
Skillfully rendered chiaroscuro and highlights on luxurious drapery demonstrate Giorgione's mastery of technique. oil painting.
The smooth contours of the body enhance the feeling of deep sleep and, as it were, invite you to caress the figure with your eyes.
The erotic nature of the image indicates that the painting was commissioned for a private bedroom.
X-rays and records of restorers of the 19th century indicate that Giorgione originally depicted (or was going to depict) the figure of Cupid on the right side of the canvas.
According to rumors, Giorgione did not have time to finish the painting during his lifetime, and it is generally accepted that the order to complete the landscape was given to Titian. The "layered" landscape and the blue hills on the horizon are characteristic of Titian's early style. The premature death of a rival contributed to the rise of Titian's star."
I. Bosch turned out to be a very difficult artist, even now there is no established point of view on the interpretation of plots and individual images of his paintings.
For medieval artists (as well as for their viewers), all objects and phenomena had a symbolic meaning, each object received its symbolic interpretation based on the texts of the Bible. So, for example, based on the phrase: “The Word of God is strong as a lion,” the lion was considered a symbol of the omnipotence of the Christian faith, because the figures of lions adorn the portals of many Romanesque cathedrals in France, and in Italy, sculptors of the 13th-14th centuries placed lions at the foot of church pulpits . Bosch's work, perhaps, is also difficult for direct perception in our time, because the artist, in addition to traditional medieval symbols (known to everyone), used other symbols - less studied and difficult to decipher.
Bosch's artistic language never fit entirely into medieval symbolic interpretations. The artist often used certain symbols in a meaning opposite to the generally accepted one, and also invented new symbols. Maybe that's why he was called the "gloomy science fiction writer", "honorary professor of nightmares", but modern surrealists saw in Bosch their spiritual father and forerunner. Here is one such scene. A loving couple secluded themselves in a transparent bubble. A little higher, a young man hugs a huge owl, to the right of the bubble in the middle of the pool, in the water, another man stands on his head, legs wide apart, between which the birds have built a nest. Not far from him, a young man, leaning out with his beloved from a pink hollow apple, feeds a monstrous bunch of grapes to people standing up to their necks in water. This is the "Garden of Earthly Delights" - one of the most famous paintings by Hieronymus Bosch.
His triptych "The Garden of Earthly Delights", or "The Garden of Delights" (it is often called the most "Bosch" work), Hieronymus Bosch created in 1503, and in it his peculiar vision of the world was fully manifested. The title of the painting is given in contemporary literature, and in the second half of the 16th century, when it came into the possession of King Philip II, it was called "The Diversity of the World", in the 17th century it had the name "Vanity and Glory".
Paradise is depicted on the left side of this triptych, Hell is depicted on the right, and an image of earthly existence was placed between them. The left side of the Garden of Delights depicts the scene of the Creation of Eve, and Paradise itself shines and shimmers with bright, sparkling colors. Against the backdrop of a fantastic landscape of Paradise. filled with a variety of animals and plants, the master shows the awakening Adam Adam, who has just awakened, rises from the ground and looks in amazement at Eve, whom God shows him. The well-known art historian C. de Tolnay notes that the surprised look that Adam throws at the first woman is already a step on the path to sin. And Eve, extracted from Adam's rib, is not just a woman, but also an instrument of seduction. The contradiction between a calm and sinless man and a woman bearing the seeds of sin in herself is reproduced in the nature around them. A stunted palm growing on a mysterious orange rock is diagonally opposite to a blooming palm. Several incidents cast a dark shadow on the peaceful life of animals: a lion devours a deer, a wild boar pursues a mysterious beast. And above it all rises the Source of Life, a hybrid of a plant and a marble rock, a soaring gothic structure set on the dark blue stones of a small island. At the very top of it there is still a barely noticeable crescent moon, but already from inside it peeps out, like a worm, an owl - a messenger of misfortune.
The central part of the triptych - the Garden of Earthly Delights itself - depicts a grandiose landscape covered with naked figures of men and women C human figures animals of unnatural proportions, birds, fish, butterflies, algae, huge flowers and fruits mixed up. In the composition of the Garden of Earthly Delights, three plans stand out: in the foreground, “various joys” are shown, the second is occupied by a cavalcade of numerous riders who ride various animals, the third (farthest) is crowned with a blue sky, where people fly on winged fish and with the help of their own wings It would seem that against the background of such a landscape, nothing can be more chaste than the love games of human couples to conduct a psychopathological analysis of the work of I. Bosch), the dream books of that time reveal the true meaning of these earthly pleasures: cherries, strawberries, strawberries and grapes, eaten with such joy by people, symbolize sinful sexuality, devoid of the light of divine love; the apple-boat in which lovers retire is shaped like a woman's breasts; birds become the personification of lust and depravity, the fish is a symbol of restless lust, the shell is the feminine principle.
At the bottom of the picture, a young man hugged a huge strawberry. The meaning of this image will become clear to us if we remember that in Western European art strawberries served as a symbol of purity and virginity. The scene with a bunch of grapes in the pool is a sacrament, and a giant pelican, picking up a cherry (a symbol of sensuality) on its long beak, teases people sitting in a bud with it fantastic flower The pelican itself symbolizes love for one's neighbor. The artist often gives the symbols of Christian art a concrete sensual sound, reducing them to the material and bodily plane.
Hieronymus Bosch creates an amazing world of ephemeral desires and sensual pleasures: aloe digs into naked flesh, coral firmly grips bodies, the shell slams shut and turns love couple in their captives. In the Tower of Adultery, which rises from the Lake of Lust and whose yellow-orange walls sparkle like crystal, deceived husbands sleep among the horns. The steel-coloured glass sphere in which lovers indulge in caresses is surmounted by a crescent-moon crown and pink marble horns. The sphere and the glass bell that shelters the three sinners illustrate the Dutch proverb. "Happiness and glass - how short-lived they are!" And they are also symbols of the heretical nature of sin and the dangers that it brings to the world.
The right wing of the triptych - Hell - is dark, gloomy, disturbing, with separate flashes of light piercing the darkness of the night, and with sinners who are tormented by some giant musical instruments. In the center of Hell is a huge figure of Satan, this is a sort of "guide" through Hell - the main "narrator" with a deathly pale face and an ironic smile on thin lips. Its legs are hollow tree trunks, and they rest on two ships. Satan's body is an open eggshell, on the brim of his hat, demons and witches either walk or dance with sinful souls ... Or they lead around a huge bagpipe (a symbol of the male principle) people guilty of an unnatural sin. Around the ruler of Hell, the punishment of sins takes place: one sinner was crucified, pierced with his harp strings; next to him, a red-bodied demon conducts a rehearsal of an infernal orchestra from notes written on the buttocks of another sinner. A demon sits in a high chair, punishing gluttons and gluttons. He put his feet in beer jugs, and a bowler hat is put on his bird's head. And he punishes sinners by devouring them.
The gate of Hell represents the third stage of the fall, when the earth itself turned into hell. Items that previously served sin have now become instruments of punishment. These chimeras of bad conscience have all the specific meanings of the sexual symbols of dreams. The hare (in the picture it exceeds the size of a person) in Christianity was a symbol of the immortality of the soul. At Bosch, he plays the horn and lowers the sinner head down into the infernal fire. Giant ears serve as an omen of misfortune. A huge key, attached to the shaft by a monk, betrays the latter's desire for marriage, which is forbidden for members of the clergy. Inside the monster is a tavern, over which a banner flutters - the same bagpipe. At some distance, a man sits in a state of melancholy, leaning over chaos. If you see the features of Hieronymus Bosch himself in it, then the whole picture may appear before the viewer in a different light: the artist himself invented this nightmare, all these agony and torment are committed in his soul. Some art historians insist on this, for example, Charles de Tolnay, already mentioned. However, Bosch was a deeply religious person, and he could not even think of placing himself in Hell. Most likely, the artist should be looked for among those images that carry Light and Goodness in his paintings, not without reason he belonged to the Brotherhood of the Virgin.
To our contemporaries, the actions of the characters in The Garden of Pleasures are largely incomprehensible, but for Bosch's contemporaries (as already mentioned above) they were filled with deep symbolic meaning. His paintings (including The Garden of Earthly Delights) often frighten the viewer with the unnatural compatibility of human and animal, living and dead in one character, and at the same time they can amuse. His characters are similar to the nightmarish images of the Apocalypse and at the same time - to the cheerful devils of the carnival. However, with all the many interpretations of the meaning of the Garden of Earthly Delights, none of them can
completely cover all the images of the picture.
This altarpiece is the last of Raphael's major works on his favorite subject. Also in early period creativity, he turned to the image of the Madonna and Child, each time looking for a new approach. The predominant nature of the genius of Raphael was expressed in the desire for a deity, for the transformation of the earthly, human into the eternal, divine.
It seems that the curtain has just parted and a heavenly vision has opened up to the eyes of believers - the Virgin Mary walking on a cloud with baby Jesus in her arms. The Madonna is holding trustingly clinging to her Jesus in a motherly way, carefully and carefully. The genius of Raphael seemed to have enclosed the divine baby in a magic circle formed by the left hand of the Madonna, her falling veil and the right hand of Jesus. Her gaze, directed through the viewer, is full of disturbing foresight. tragic fate son. The Madonna's face is the embodiment of the ancient ideal of beauty combined with the spirituality of the Christian ideal.
Pope Sixtus II, who accepted martyrdom in 258 AD and numbered among the saints, asks Mary for intercession for all who pray to her in front of the altar. The pose of Saint Barbara, her face and downcast eyes express humility and reverence. In the depths of the picture, in the background, barely distinguishable in a golden haze, the faces of angels are vaguely guessed, enhancing the overall sublime atmosphere. The eyes and gestures of the two angels in the foreground are directed towards the Madonna. The presence of these winged boys, more reminiscent of mythological cupids, gives the canvas a special warmth and humanity.
The "Sistine Madonna" was commissioned by Raphael in 1512 as an altarpiece for the chapel of the monastery of Saint Sixtus in Piacenza. Pope Julius II, at that time still a cardinal, raised funds for the construction of a chapel where the relics of St. Sixtus and St. Barbara were kept.
In Russia, especially in the first half of the 19th century, Raphael's "Sistine Madonna" was very revered, enthusiastic lines of such different writers and critics as V. A. Zhukovsky, V. G. Belinsky, N. P. Ogarev are dedicated to her. Belinsky wrote from Dresden to V.P. Botkin, sharing with him his impressions of the “Sistine Madonna”: “What nobility, what grace of the brush! You can't look! I involuntarily remembered Pushkin: the same nobility, the same grace of expression, with the same severity of outline! No wonder Pushkin loved Raphael so much: he is kindred to him by nature. Two great Russian writers, L. N. Tolstoy and F. M. Dostoevsky, had reproductions of the Sistine Madonna in their offices. The wife of F. M. Dostoevsky wrote in her diary: “Fyodor Mikhailovich put the works of Raphael above all else in painting and recognized the Sistine Madonna as his highest work.”
Carlo Maratti expressed his surprise at Raphael in this way: “If they showed me a picture of Raphael and I would not know anything about him, if they told me that this was the creation of an angel, I would believe it.”
The great mind of Goethe not only appreciated Raphael, but also found an apt expression for his assessment: "He always created what others only dreamed of creating."
This is true, because Raphael embodied in his works not only the desire for an ideal, but the very ideal available to a mortal.
From the book "100 Great Pictures" by Ionina N.A.:
Augsburg, where at that time the whole Spanish court and many German princes gathered. In Augsburg, Titian painted a huge equestrian portrait of Charles V on the morning before the battle in which the monarch won one of his most brilliant victories. This portrait struck Titian's contemporaries with its unexpectedness: it was strange to see the emperor - a subtle armchair diplomat and melancholic - in the form of a knight and a hero with a spear in his hand, with a raised visor, galloping lonely among the fields. But such was the will of the monarch.
At the battle of Mühlberg, this fanatic of Catholicism seemed to be driven by some kind of ecstasy: he did not lead the battle from a distance, sitting in a stretcher under the protection of the fortifications. He rushed ahead of his troops to attack and even crossed the dangerous ford of the Elbe, dragging his colonels with him. This memorable day and the only heroic deed emperor and was supposed to perpetuate Titian. The portrait does not depict the gloomy, silent and sick Charles V, as they say about him in the narrations of his contemporaries. This is not Karl, who was depicted by the same Titian in a portrait now in the Munich Pinakothek. This is not a miserable ruin, not a cunning sly, not a sad “ruler of the universe”, not the son of insane Joanna and magnificent Philip ... This is the grandson of the “last knight” - Maximilian, and therefore Titian depicted in the portrait a separate flash, and not a whole psychological character.
It was striking and the most daring of all the works of Titian. In the reddish mist of a spring morning, alone on a vast plain stretching to the hills of the Elbe, the emperor, clad in chased and gilded steel, with a raised blockage above a pale and determined face, gallops out of the forest with a spear facing forward. How impressive and majestic the rider looks! But how terribly lonely he is in this field. And where he rushed on a beautifully prancing horse. Commanding the peoples, punishing the recalcitrant with fire and sword, bringing down armadas of troops on enemies, a man whose even lazy gesture could elevate or destroy - he is depicted in the portrait tired and lonely.
The spectator looks at his characteristic, strong-willed face with a sharply protruding chin, and suddenly clearly distinguishes in the emperor’s gaze a diffused sadness, some kind of inner fatigue, which are transmitted to his entire figure and seem even in the measured running of a horse. His appearance impresses evil spirit, and a vision that takes you by surprise and frightens. Even the colors of the portrait contain something sinister, militant. In the face of Charles V, one sees something terrible, “ghostlike”: one in the field, one in the world, one with a broken soul. This is how Titian understood and portrayed the emperor. Perhaps he himself did not yet realize his great fatigue, and the artist showed him his own soul - without embellishment.
Titian in this portrait did not allow his passion, his scope of solemnity to unfold, but fettered himself within the boundaries of the requirements of the customer, treating the task with a rare coldness for himself. Perhaps that is why some researchers note both in the portrait and in the pose of the emperor some unnaturalness, as on mannequins in the arsenal of old weapons. But the psychological penetration of Titian reached its highest limit in this portrait. By confidence artistic techniques this portrait is striking, in the expression of the character and spirit of the era - nothing can compare with it. It seems that Clio herself, the muse of History, led the hand of the artist in those days.
Perseus - in Greek mythology, the son of Danae, who suffered from Jupiter when he turned himself into a stream of golden rain. His heroic deeds included beheading Medusa, one of the snake-haired Gorgons, and saving the beautiful Andromeda from a sea monster. last topic- a common non-native legend. Perseus is depicted either as a typical hero of classical antiquity, or as a warrior in armor. He holds a rounded sword - a gift from Mercury - and a shiny shield given to him by Minerva, his protector.
Ovid, in Metamorphoses, tells how Andromeda, the daughter of the Ethiopian king, was chained to a rock on the shore as a sacrifice sea monster. Perseus, flying in the sky, fell in love with her at first sight. He rushed down just in time, killed the monster and freed Andromeda. The picture “Perseus and Andromeda” Rubens created at a time when his work was especially emotional and cheerful. By the perfection of painting and the high skill of execution, this work is one of the artist's masterpieces. And here, for Rubens, the main thing for which a person was born remains: struggle, victory and love.
Rubens was not interested in the feat of Perseus itself, not in the struggle and resistance, but in jubilation over the already accomplished victory, when joyful cries were heard from the shore and everyone praised the mighty hero. In this picture, Perseus appears as a triumphant, the winged goddess Victoria (Glory) with a palm branch and a laurel wreath in her hands crowns the winner. The apotheosis of Perseus becomes the triumph of life, no longer overshadowed by anything, beautiful and joyful. And Rubens solves this artistic task with such completeness, with such a captivating power, which until now he has hardly encountered. The intense internal dynamics of each line, each form, their growing rhythm reach exceptional expressiveness here. An irresistible force, bursting in like a whirlwind, from somewhere outside, gives the whole composition and swirling movements, like in a whirlpool, a single direction.
S.M. Sandomirsky
Robert Wallace in the book World of Leonardo, M., 1997 writes: “Of the two problems that the authors of The Last Supper faced for centuries, Leonardo solved the problem of identifying Judas with the greatest ease. He placed Judas on the same side of the table as everyone else, but psychologically separated him from others with a loneliness that is much whiter crushing than mere physical separation. Gloomy and concentrated, Judas recoiled from Christ. On it, as it were, an age-old seal of guilt and loneliness.
Judas sits with everyone, like an apostle in the row of apostles. Christ is lonely, that's why he is sad, but who is the least lonely is Judas. Hence his confident strength. And he is not guilty, because the conversation in the picture is not about betrayal, but about saving the souls of people who are least concerned about this.
Consider the apostles, although after what has been said they no longer decide anything.
12 11 10 9 8 7 Christ 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bartholomew John Thomas Philip Matthew
Peter Jacob Simeon
Judas
1.Foma in the doorway on a light background. The right hand is compressed, the index finger is up: "God will not allow such a crime."
2. Jacob looks with horror at the blood of the new covenant gushing from his wrist. Widely spread arms and hands hold back the words of Christ and try to protect those behind him.
3. Philip presses his fingers to his chest and in the face of a plea: "Trust me, it's impossible on my part."
4. Both hands accept the words of Christ and with a glance ask the 6th: "Is it possible what he says."
5. Simeon accepts the words of Christ with his right palm and asks on the 6th.
6. Matthew, both palms are directed at Christ, - he returns his words back: "It's impossible!"
7. John. The fingers are clasped and lie on the table, showing anguish, weakness. He swung sharply to the left, his eyes closed. The head rests helplessly on the shoulder.
8. Peter. The left hand receives the words of Christ and reassures the 7th. In his right hand is a knife - he is ready to kill the traitor.
9. Judas: stable low strength, self-righteousness, determination, energy.
10. Raised palms at chest level: "Who is the traitor?" His gaze squinted at the knife.
11. Right hand on the shoulder of the 10th: he agrees with him. She accepts the words of Christ.
12. Bartholomew resolutely stood up and is ready to act.
In general, the right group of apostles does not allow betrayal; the left one admits such a possibility and is determined to punish the traitor.
In how much John swayed to the left, completely freeing the window - the light of the truth of Christ, and Thomas, being in the window at the level of Christ, but relying not on himself, but on God; how the 2nd apostle was thrown to the right, how the rest of the disciples got mixed up, confused, petty fussed, give out the thought of Leonardo da Vinci that the ideas of sacrifice and salvation, the commandments of the new testament of Christ by the apostles - these weak people - will not be carried out and his sacrifice will be in vain. This is the reason for the despondency of Christ. Moreover, the artist himself pays tribute to the high aspiration and sacrifice of the earthly God.
Hundreds of paintings go under the hammer to private collections every year. Collectors spend millions of dollars to add to their private collections. Not always the most famous paintings- the most expensive paintings. The most famous paintings of the world belong to world-famous museums, and in the literal sense of the word, they are priceless. Let's take a look at different museums around the world and look at these famous works.
"Birth of Venus"
This painting was painted by the great Florentine artist Sandro Botticelli in 1485-1487. It depicts the goddess Venus (in Greek mythology - Aphrodite), emerging from the sea foam. Today this painting is displayed in the Uffizi Museum in Florence.
"Water lilies"
For 43 years of his life, Monet lived in Giverny (a small town 80 km from Paris), he rented a house from a Norman landowner, and bought a neighboring plot of land on which a pond was located. Subsequently, on this site, the artist laid out two gardens, one of which was on the water. motives water garden occupy a significant place in the work of the artist. Works from this series have scattered to museums around the world, however, a decent group of works is presented in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. One of the most famous paintings in the world.
"The night Watch"
Completed in 1642, at the height of the Dutch Golden Age, The Night Watch is one of the most famous paintings by the Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn. The painting shows the performance of the rifle company of Captain Frans Banning Cock and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenbürg. The painting is displayed in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
"Scream"
This painting is from a series of works by the Norwegian expressionist artist Edvard Munch. The painting depicts a suffering figure against a blood-red sky. Edvard Munch created several variations of The Scream. The presented picture was painted in 1893 and was in National Gallery Norway. However, in 1994 the work was stolen, but a few months later it was found and returned to the museum.
"Girl with a Pearl Earring"
Sometimes this picture is called "Dutch Mona Lisa". "Girl with a Pearl Earring" was painted around 1665 by the Dutch artist Jan Vermeer.
Read also about the most expensive paintings in the world in a special selection.
"Guernica"
"Guernica" is one of the most famous paintings by Pablo Picasso, which shows the tragedy of war, the suffering that it causes to people, especially innocent civilians. The main goal of Picasso, when creating this work, was to draw the attention of the world community to the bombing of the Basque city of Guernica. The painting was completed in 1937. Guernica is now on display at the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid.
"The Creation of Adam"
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most famous works High Renaissance. The Creation of Adam is one of the most famous paintings of all time. Also this work has been the subject of countless references and parodies. Read about other most famous works of Michelangelo in a separate selection.
"The Last Supper"
The Last Supper was painted by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. The painting is painted on the back wall of the dining room in the convent of Santa Maria del Grazie in Milan. The painting depicts a scene in which Jesus announces that one of his twelve apostles will betray him. Leonardo began work on The Last Supper in 1495 and completed it in 1498, although he did not work on the painting all the time.
« Starlight Night»
The Starry Night was painted by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. Despite the fact that in his entire life the artist sold only one of his works, his field creative activity very rich. Starry Night is one of his most famous works. It depicts the village of Saint-Remy. Since 1941, the painting has been in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
"Mona Lisa"
The most famous painting of the world is still considered to be the Mona Lisa, which was painted by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance in Florence. He began to paint this masterpiece in 1503 (1504) and completed it shortly before his death in 1519. In 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen by Louvre employee Vincenzo Perugio, an Italian patriot who believed that the Mona Lisa should be returned to Italy. After 2 years of keeping the painting at home, Perugio was caught trying to sell the painting to the director of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. Today the Mona Lisa hangs again at the Louvre in Paris, where 6 million people see the painting every year.
Thursday, December 08, 2016 11:56 am + to quote pad
British newspaper The Times ranked Top 200 Artists who lived from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day.
As a result, according to British readers, first place occupied by the great Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.
Second place given to post-impressionist Paul Cezanne, the third - the founder of the Austrian Art Nouveau Gustav Klimt. The last line is occupied by a contemporary Japanese artist Hiroshi Sujimoto.
French artists appear in the top ten Claude Monet, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp And American artist Jackson Pollock.
The top ten is closed by the legend of pop art Andy Warhole, representative of abstractionism Willem de Kooning and famous modernist Piet Mondrian.
It is impossible not to notice the overestimation of the rating of some artists and ignoring others, no less talented. The editors of The Times, summing up the results of the survey, are perplexed: “What does Martin Kippenberger do in the top 20? Why is he rated higher than Rothko, Schiele and Klee? Is Munch (46th) worse than Frida Kahlo? Most likely, this is due to the desire of women to place the fair sex as high as possible in the ranking.
From Russian artists appear in the ranking Basil Kandinsky(15th), creator of the Black Square " Casimir Malevich(17th). 95th marked Ukrainian-American artist Alexander Archipenko. 135th - one of the founders of constructivism Alexander Rodchenko. Also included in the list Marc Chagall-71st, and Vladimir Tatlin- 145th.
Here 20 best artists of the XX century, according to British art lovers
Twenty best artists of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century
1. Pablo Picasso
2. Paul Cezanne
3. Gustav Klimt
4. Claude Monet
5. Marcel Duchamp
6. Henri Matisse
7. Jackson Pollock
8. Andy Warhol
9. Willem de Kooning
10. Piet Mondrian
11. Paul Gauguin
12. Francis Bacon
13. Robert Rauschenberg
14. Georges Braque
15. Wassily Kandinsky
16. Constantin Brancusi
17. Kazimir Malevich
18. Jasper Johns
19. Frida Kahlo
20. Martin Kippenberger
………………
Yes, if such a survey were conducted in our country, the list would be completely different. As well as the lists of the best literary works- in each country they differ significantly.
But so far we have only this list, in which we do not know many artists.
Therefore - here is a brief story about the first twenty artists.
A complete list 200 best artists of the 20th and early 21st centuries- at the end of the post.
...................
1.Picasso Pablo- Spanish artist, graphic artist
8. Andy Warhol(real name - Andrew Warhola, Rusyn. Andriy Vargola; 1928-1987) is an American artist and producer, a notable person in the history of pop art and modern art in general. Founder of the "homo universale" ideology.
Warhol created several paintings that became a sensation in the art world. In 1960, he created designs for cans of Coca-Cola, which brought him fame as an artist with an extraordinary vision of art. And in 1960-1962, a cycle of works appeared depicting cans of Campbell's soup. 
Warhol one of the first to use screen printing and silk-screen printing as a method for creating paintings.
Warhol created a series of paintings depicting idols modern society. Among the stars that Andy painted: recurring Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, The Beatles, Michael Jackson, Lenin and others. These drawings in bright colors became Warhol's trademark. recreating the atmosphere of America in the 60s. 
According to critics, these paintings reflected the vulgarity of the culture of mass consumption, the mentality of Western civilization. Warhol is considered among the representatives of pop art and conceptual art, such as Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns and Roy Lichtenstein. Currently, the prices for his paintings reach tens of millions of dollars. A whole subculture has gathered around the figure of Warhol.
In 2015, the painting was sold to the Qatari Museum Authority for $300 million. 287\237\225
12. Francis Bacon-(1909-1992) - English artist- expressionist. Bacon's painting is always expressive, it is a kind of cry that conveys the tragedy of existence. The main theme of his work is the human body - distorted, elongated, enclosed in geometric figures. Several works are included in the list of the most expensive paintings.
On May 14, 2008, Francis Bacon's 1976 Landmark of the Canonical 20th Century triptych was sold at Sotheby's for $86.3 million. Sold by the Muy family, owners of Château Pétrus wine production, to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. And the painter received the title of the most expensive post-war artist and got into third place in the top ten most expensive artists in the world in general, second only to Picasso and Klimt. 180\122\96
13.Robert Rauschenberg(1925, Port Arthur -2008, Captiva Island, Florida) is an American artist. A representative of abstract expressionism, and then conceptual art and pop art, in his works he gravitated towards the technique of collage and readymade, used garbage.
Like other representatives of pop art, he tried to express his vision of the world in unusual, shocking forms. For this, canvases, collages, installations were used.
In the early 50s, Rauschenberg went through three stages of creating paintings:
"White painting" - black numbers and some symbols are depicted on a white background.
"Black Painting" - scraps of newspapers were pasted onto the canvas, and all this was covered with black enamel.
"Red Painting" - abstract canvases in red tones, partly with stickers from newspapers, nails, photographs, etc.
In 1953, Rauschenberg erased a drawing by Willem de Kooning and exhibited it under the title "Erased De Kooning Drawing", raising the question of the nature of art. 
Since the mid-50s, Rauschenberg has been creating spatial objects that he calls "combined paintings", for example:
"Odalisque" (satin pillow, stuffed chicken, photographs and reproductions)
"Bed" - a bed spattered with paint and placed vertically ... 
In the late 50s, he mastered the frottage technique (rubbing introduced into art by Max Ernst) to transfer magazine photographs to paper. Rauschenberg used it to create a graphic cycle of 34 illustrations for Dante's Inferno in the pop art style. In 1962, he mastered the technique of silk-screen printing and created a number of large works in it. One of the paintings in this series way to heaven» ( sky way, 1964). On it, pop cultural symbols (for example, American astronauts) coexist with images of Rubens.
Rauschenberg is the owner of many awards, including: the main prize at the Venice Biennale, the Grammy, the US National Medal, the Imperial Prize of Japan and others.
In the 60s and 70s, Rauschenberg was involved in the field of performance, happenings and other theatrical actions.
1 Pablo Picasso 21587
2 Paul Cezanne 21098
3 Gustav Klimt 20823
4 Claude Monet 20684
5 Marcel Duchamp 20647
6 Henry Matisse 17096
7 Jackson Pollock 17051
8 Andy Warhol 17047
9 Willem de Kooning 17042
10 Piet Mondrian 17028
11 Paul Gauguin 17027
12 Francis Bacon 17018
13 Robert Rauschenberg 16956
14 Georges Braque 16788
15 Wassily Kandinsky 16055
16 Constantin Brancusi 14224
17 Kazimir Malevich 13609
18 Jasper Johns 12988
19 Frida Kahlo 12940
20 Martin Kippenberger 12784
21 Paul Klee
22 Egon Schiele
23 Donald Judd
24 Bruce Nauman
25 Alberto Giacometti
26 Salvador Dali
27 Auguste Rodin
28 Mark Rothko
29 Edward Hopper
30 Lucian Freud
31 Richard Serra
32 René Magritte
33 David Hockney
34 Philip Gaston
35 Gary Cartier-Bresson 8779
36 Pierre Bonnard
37 Jean-Michel Basquiat
38 Max Ernst
39 Diane Arbus
40 Georgia O'Keefe
41 Cy Twombly
42 Max Beckmann
43 Barnet Newman
44 Giorgio de Chirico
45 Roy Lichtenstein 7441
46 Edvard Munch
47 Pierre August Renoir
48 Men Ray
49 Henry Moore
50 Cindy Sherman
51 Jeff Koons
52 Tracey Emin
53 Damien Hirst
54 Yves Klein
55 Henry Russo
56 Chaim Soutine
57 Archil Gorki
58 Amadeo Modigliani
59 Umberto Boccioni
60 Jean Dubuffet
61 Eva Hesse
62 Edward Villard
63 Carl Andre
64 Juan Gris
65 Lucio Fontana
66 Franz Kline
67 David Smith
68 Joseph Beuys
69 Alexander Calder
70 Louise Bourgeois
71 Marc Chagall
72 Gerhard Richter
73 Balthus
74 Joan Miro
75 Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
76 Frank Stella
77 Georg Baselitz
78 Francis Picabia
79 Jenny Saville
80 Dan Flavin
81 Alfred Stiglitz
82 Anselm Kiefer
83 Matthew Burney
84 Georges Gros
85 Bernd and Hilla Becher
86 Sigmar Polke
87 Bryce Marden
88 Maurizio Catellan
89 Saul Levitt
90 Chuck Close 2915
91 Edward Weston
92 Joseph Cornell
93 Karel Appel
94 Bridget Riley
95 Alexander Archipenko
96 Anthony Caro
97 Richard Hamilton
98 Clifford Still
99 Luc Tuymans
100 Oldenburg class
101 Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi
102 Frank Auerbach
103 Dinos and Jake Chapman
104 Marlene Dumas
105 Antona Tapies
106 Giorgio Morandi
107 Walker Evans
108 Nan Goldin
109 Robert Frank
110 Georges Rouault
111 Arp Hans
112 August Sender
113 James Rosenquist
114 Andreas Gursky
115 Eugene Atget
116 Jeff Wall
117 Ellsworth Kelly
118 Bill Brandt
119 Christo and Jean-Claude
120 Howard Hodgkin
121 Joseph Albers
122 Piero Manzoni
123 Agnes Martin
124 Anish Kapoor
125 L. S. Lowry
126 Robert Motherwell
127 Robert Delaunay
128 Stuart Davis
129 Ed Ruscha
130 Gilbert and George 2729
131 Stanley Spencer
132 James Ensor
133 Fernard Ledger
134 Brassai (Gyula Halas)
135 Alexander Rodchenko
136 Robert Ryman
137 Ed Reindhard
138 Hans Belmer
139 Isa Genzken
140 Kees van Dongen
141 Weegee
142 Paula Rego
143 Thomas Hart Benton
144 Hans Hoffman
145 Vladimir Tatlin
146 Odilon Redon
147 George Segal
148 Jörg Imendorff
149 Robert Smithson
150 Peter Doig 2324
151 Ed and Nancy Kienholz
152 Richard Prince
153 Ansel Adams
154 Nahum Gabo 2256
155 Diego Rivera 2239
156 Barbara Hepworth 2237
157 Nicola de Stael 2237
158 Walter de Maria 2229
159 Felix Gonzalez-Torres 2228
160 Giacomo Balla 2225
161 Ben Nicholson 2221
162 Anthony Gormley 2218
163 Lionel Feininger 2216
164 Emil Nolde 2213
165 Mark Wallinger 2211
166 Hermann Nietzsch 2209
167 Paul Signac 2209
168 Jean Tigli 2209
169 Kurt Schwitters 2209
170 Grayson Perry 2208
171 Julian Schnabel 2208
172 Raymond Duchamp-Villon 2208
173 Robert Gobert 2208
174 Duane Hanson 2208
175 Richard Diebenkorn 2207
176 Apex Katz 2207
177 Alighiero Boetti 2206
178 Godier-Brzeska Henri 2206
179 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy 2205
180 Jacques-Henri Lartigue 2205
181 Robert Morris 2205
182 Sarah Lucas 2204
183 Yannis Kounellis 2204
184 Chris Barden 2204
185 Otto Dix 2203
186 David Bomberg 2203
187 Fischli & Weiss 2203
188 Augustus John 2203
189 Marsden Hartley 2203
190 Takashi Murakami 2203ratings
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