The story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet": the history of creation and modern understanding
Russian writer, translator.
Date and place of birth - September 7, 1870, Narovchatsky district, Penza province, Russian Empire.
Kuprin's first literary experience was poetry, which remained unpublished. The first printed work is the story "The Last Debut" (1889).
In 1910, Kuprin wrote the story " Garnet bracelet". which was based on real events.
"Garnet bracelet"
Heroes
Prince Vasily Lvovich Shein
Is one of the main characters, the husband of Vera Nikolaevna Sheina, and the brother of Lyudmila Lvovna Durasova; prince and marshal of the nobility. Vasily Lvovich is highly revered in society. He has a well-established life and outwardly prosperous family in all respects. In fact, his wife has nothing but friendly feelings and respect for him. The financial situation of the prince also leaves much to be desired. Princess Vera tried with all her might to help Vasily Lvovich refrain from complete ruin.
Vera Nikolaevna Sheina
Georgy Stepanovich Zheltkov
Anna Nikolaevna Friesse
Nikolai Nikolaevich Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovskiy
General Yakov Mikhailovich Anosov
Ludmila Lvovna Durasova
Gustav Ivanovich Friesse
Ponamarev
Bakhtinsky
"Garnet Bracelet" summary
Source - I
In September, a small festive dinner was being prepared at the dacha in honor of the name day of the hostess. Vera Nikolaevna Sheina received earrings as a gift from her husband in the morning. She was glad that the holiday was to be arranged at the dacha, since the financial affairs of her husband were not in the best way. Sister Anna came to help Vera Nikolaevna prepare dinner. Guests were arriving. The weather turned out to be good, and the evening passed with warm, sincere conversations. The guests sat down to play poker. At this time, the messenger brought a bundle. It contained a gold bracelet with garnets and a small green stone in the middle. The gift was accompanied by a note. It said that the bracelet is a family heirloom of the donor, and the green stone is a rare garnet that has the properties of a talisman.
The holiday was in full swing. The guests played cards, sang, joked, looked at an album with satirical pictures and stories made by the host. Among the stories was a story about a telegraph operator who was in love with Princess Vera, who pursued his beloved, despite the refusal. The unrequited feeling drove him to a madhouse.
Almost all the guests have left. Those who remained had a conversation with General Anosov, whom the sisters called grandfather, about his military life and love adventures. Walking in the garden, the general tells Vera about the story of his unsuccessful marriage. The conversation turns to understanding true love. Anosov tells stories about men who valued love more than own life. He is interested in Vera's story about the telegraph operator. It turned out that the princess had never seen him and did not know who he really was.
Returning, Vera found her husband and brother Nikolai having an unpleasant conversation. Together they decided that these letters and gifts defame the name of the princess and her husband, so this story must be put to an end. Knowing nothing about the admirer of the princess, Nikolai and Vasily Lvovich Shein tracked him down. Vera's brother attacked this pathetic man with threats. Vasily Lvovich showed generosity and listened to him. Zheltkov admitted that he loves Vera Nikolaevna hopelessly, but too much to be able to overcome this feeling. In addition, he said that he would no longer disturb the princess, as he had squandered government money and was forced to leave. The next day, from a newspaper article, it became known about the suicide of an official. The postman brought a letter from which Vera learned that love for her was for Zheltkov the greatest joy and grace. Standing at the coffin, Vera Nikolaevna understands that the wonderful deep feeling that Anosov spoke of has passed her by.
Source - II
en.wikipedia.org
On the day of her name day, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina received from her longtime anonymous admirer a golden bracelet as a gift, with five large cabochon garnets of deep red color, surrounding a green stone - a rare variety of garnet. Being married woman, she considered herself not entitled to receive any gifts from strangers.
Her brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, an assistant prosecutor, together with her husband, Prince Vasily Lvovich, found the sender. It turned out to be a modest official Georgy Zheltkov. Many years ago he accidentally circus performance I saw Princess Vera in the box and fell in love with her with pure and unrequited love. Several times a year, on major holidays, he allowed himself to write letters to her.
When brother Nikolai Nikolaevich, having appeared at Zheltkov’s dwelling with her husband, returned him a garnet bracelet and in a conversation mentioned the possibility of turning to the authorities to stop the persecution, according to him, of Princess Vera Nikolaevna, Zheltkov asked permission from her husband and brother of the princess to call her. She told him that if he were not there, she would be calmer. Zheltkov asked to listen to Beethoven's Sonata No. 2. Then he took the bracelet returned to him to the landlady with a request to hang the decoration on the icon. Mother of God(according to Catholic custom), locked himself in his room and shot himself so that Princess Vera could live in peace. He did it all out of love for Vera and for her good. Zheltkov left suicide note, in which he explained that he shot himself due to the waste of state money.
Vera Nikolaevna, having learned about Zheltkov's death, asked her husband's permission and went to the suicide's apartment to look at least once at the person who had loved her unrequitedly for so many years. Returning home, she asked Jenny Reiter to play something, no doubt that she would play exactly the part of the sonata that Zheltkov wrote about. Sitting in the flower garden to the sound of beautiful music, Vera Nikolaevna clung to the trunk of an acacia tree and wept. She realized that the love that General Anosov spoke about, which every woman dreams of, passed her by. When the pianist finished playing and went out to the princess, she began to kiss her with the words: “No, no, he has forgiven me now. Everything is fine".
Source - III
A bundle with a small jewelry case in the name of Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina was handed over by the messenger through the maid. The princess reprimanded her, but Dasha said that the messenger immediately ran away, and she did not dare to tear the birthday girl away from the guests.
Inside the case was a gold, low-grade puffy bracelet covered with garnets, among which was a small green stone. The letter enclosed in the case contained congratulations on the day of the angel and a request to accept the bracelet that belonged to the great-grandmother. A green stone is a very rare green garnet that communicates the gift of providence and protects men from violent death. The letter ended with the words: “Your obedient servant G.S.Zh. before death and after death.”
Vera took the bracelet in her hands - inside the stones, alarming dense red living lights lit up. "Just like blood!" she thought as she returned to the living room.
Prince Vasily Lvovich was demonstrating at that moment his humorous home album, which had just been opened on the “tale” “Princess Vera and the Telegraph Operator in Love”. “Better not,” she pleaded. But the husband has already begun commenting on his own drawings full of brilliant humor. Here a girl named Vera receives a letter with kissing doves, signed by the telegraph operator P.P.Zh. Here young Vasya Shein returns to Vera wedding ring: "I dare not interfere with your happiness, and yet it is my duty to warn you: telegraphers are seductive, but insidious." But Vera marries the handsome Vasya Shein, but the telegraph operator continues to persecute. Here he, disguised as a chimney sweep, enters the boudoir of Princess Vera. Here, having changed clothes, he enters their kitchen as a dishwasher. Here, at last, he is in a lunatic asylum, etc.
"Gentlemen, who wants tea?" Vera asked. After tea, the guests began to leave. The old general Anosov, whom Vera and her sister Anna called grandfather, asked the princess to explain what was true in the prince's story.
G.S.Z. (and not P.P.Z.) began harassing her with letters two years before her marriage. Obviously, he constantly watched her, knew where she was at the parties, how she was dressed. When Vera, also in writing, asked not to bother her with his persecution, he fell silent about love and limited himself to congratulations on holidays, as well as today, on her name day.
The old man was silent. "Could it be a maniac? Or maybe, Verochka, it was precisely the kind of love that women dream of and which more men are incapable of that crossed your life path.
After the guests left, Vera's husband and her brother Nikolai decided to find an admirer and return the bracelet. The next day they already knew the address of G.S.Zh. It turned out to be a man of about thirty to thirty-five. He did not deny anything and recognized the indecency of his behavior. Finding some understanding and even sympathy in the prince, he explained to him that, alas, he loves his wife and neither deportation nor prison will kill this feeling. Except death. He must confess that he has squandered government money and will be forced to flee the city, so that they will not hear from him again.
The next day, in the newspaper, Vera read about the suicide of G. S. Zheltkov, an official of the control chamber, and in the evening the postman brought his letter.
Zheltkov wrote that for him all life consisted only in her, in Vera Nikolaevna. It is the love that God rewarded him for something. Leaving, he repeats in delight: “Let the your name". If she remembers him, then let her play the D major part of Beethoven's Appassionata, he thanks her from the bottom of his heart for the fact that she was his only joy in life.
Vera could not help but go to say goodbye to this man. Her husband fully understood her impulse.
The face of the person lying in the coffin was serene, as if he had learned a deep secret. Vera raised his head, placed a large red rose under his neck, and kissed him on the forehead. She understood that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by.
Returning home, she found only her college friend, the famous pianist Jenny Reiter. "Play something for me," she asked.
And Jenny (wonder!) began to play the part of "Appassionata", which Zheltkov indicated in the letter. She listened, and in her mind words were composed, like couplets, ending with a prayer: “Hallowed be thy name.” "What happened to you?" asked Jenny, seeing her tears. “…He has forgiven me now. Everything is fine,” Vera replied.
Garnet bracelet- The story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, written in 1910. The plot was based real story, which Kuprin filled with sad poetry. In 1964, a film of the same name was made based on this work.
Plot
On her name day, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina received a bracelet adorned with a rare green garnet as a gift from her longtime, anonymous admirer. Being a married woman, she considered herself not entitled to receive any gifts from strangers.
Her brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, assistant prosecutor, together with Prince Vasily Lvovich, found the sender. It turned out to be a modest official Georgy Zheltkov. Many years ago, at a circus performance, he accidentally saw Princess Vera in a box and fell in love with her with pure and unrequited love. Several times a year, on major holidays, he allowed himself to write letters to her.
Now, after talking with the prince, he felt ashamed of those actions that could compromise an innocent woman. However, his love for her was so deep and disinterested that he could not imagine the forced separation that the husband and brother of the princess insisted on.
After they left, he wrote Farewell letter to Vera Nikolaevna, in which he apologized to her for everything and asked her to listen to L. van Beethoven. 2 Son. (Op. 2, No 2). Largo Appassionato . Then he took the bracelet returned to him to the landlady with a request to hang the decoration on the icon of the Mother of God (according to the Catholic custom), locked himself in his room and shot himself, not seeing the point in his later life. Zheltkov left death note, in which he explained - he shot himself due to the waste of government money.
Vera Nikolaevna, having learned about the death of G.S.Zh., asked her husband’s permission and went to the apartment of the suicide to look at least once at the person who had loved her unrequitedly for so many years. Returning home, she asked Jenny Reiter to play something, no doubt that she would play exactly the part of the sonata that Zheltkov wrote about. Sitting in the flower garden to the sound of beautiful music, Vera Nikolaevna clung to the trunk of an acacia tree and wept. She realized that the love that Anosov spoke about, which every woman dreams of, passed her by. When the pianist finished playing and went in to the princess, she began to kiss her with the words: "No, no - he has forgiven me now. Everything is fine."
Notes
Links
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See what "Garnet bracelet (story)" is in other dictionaries:
- (story) story by A. I. Kuprin. Garnet bracelet (film) film based on the novel by A. I. Kuprin ... Wikipedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with that surname, see Kuprin. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin ... Wikipedia
"Kuprin" redirects here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Narovchat village ... Wikipedia
"Kuprin" redirects here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Narovchat village ... Wikipedia
"Kuprin" redirects here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Narovchat village ... Wikipedia
"Kuprin" redirects here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Narovchat village ... Wikipedia
"Kuprin" redirects here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Narovchat village ... Wikipedia
Kuprin, Alexander Ivanovich "Kuprin" redirects here; see also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: August 26 (September 7), 1870 (... Wikipedia
- (1870 1938), Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story "Moloch" (1896), in which modern civilization appears in the form of a monster plant that enslaves a person morally and physically, the story "Duel" (1905) about the death of ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
One of the most famous works of Alexander Kuprin is "Garnet Bracelet". What genre does the story about the unrequited love of a modest official Zheltkov belong to? More often this work is called a story. But it also contains features characteristic of the story. It turns out that it is not easy to define the genre of "Garnet Bracelet".
In order to do this, one should recall the content of Kuprin's work, as well as consider the features of both the story and the story.
What is a story?
Underneath it literary term understand the essay short prose. A synonym for this word is "novella". Russian writers usually called their works stories. Novella is a concept inherent more foreign literature. There is no significant difference between them. Both in the first and in the second case we are talking about the work small volume, in which there are only a few heroes. Important feature- the presence of only one storyline.
The structure of such a work is quite simple: plot, climax, denouement. In Russian literature XIX centuries, a story was often called what is today called a story. A striking example- everyone famous works Pushkin. The writer created several stories, the plot of which was allegedly told to him by a certain Belkin, and called them stories. In each of these works there are few characters and only one storyline. So why didn't Pushkin call his collection Belkin's Stories? The fact is that the literary terminology of the 19th century is somewhat different from the modern one.
And here genre affiliation Chekhov's works are beyond doubt. Events in the stories of this writer revolve around any, at first glance, minor incidents that allow the characters to look at their lives differently. There are no superfluous characters in Chekhov's works. His stories are clear and concise. The same can be said about the prose of later authors - Leonid Andreev, Ivan Bunin.
What is a story?
The work of this genre occupies an intermediate position between the short story and the novel. In foreign literature, the concept of "story" is absent. English and French authors created either short stories or novels.
IN Ancient Rus' any story was called prose work. Over time, the term has taken on a narrower meaning. Before mid-nineteenth centuries, it was understood as an essay of a small size, but larger than a story. There are usually significantly fewer characters in the story than in the War and Peace epic, but more than in Chekhov's The Wallet. Nevertheless, modern literary critics sometimes find it difficult to determine the genre of a work written more than 200 years ago.
In the story, events revolve around the protagonist. Actions take place in a short period of time. That is, if the work tells about how the hero was born, graduated from school, university, did successful career, and then, closer to his seventieth birthday, he died safely in his bed, then this is a novel, but not a story.
If only one day in the character's life is shown, and the plot contains two or three actors, it's a story. Perhaps the clearest definition of the story would be the following: "a work that can not be called either a novel or a short story." What is the genre of "Garnet Bracelet"? Before answering this question, let's recall the content.
"Garnet bracelet"
A work can be confidently attributed to the genre of a story if it deals with two or three characters. There are more heroes here.
Vera Sheina is married to a kind and well-bred man. She has nothing to do with the telegraph operator who regularly writes love letters to her. Moreover, she never saw his face. Vera's indifference is replaced by a feeling of anxiety, and then pity and regret after she receives a garnet bracelet as a gift from the telegraphist.
The genre of this work could be easily determined if Kuprin excluded such characters as General Anosov, Vera's brother and sister, from the narrative. But these characters are not just present in the plot. They, and especially the general, play a role.
Let us recall several stories included by Kuprin in the "Garnet Bracelet". The genre of a work can be determined in the course of its artistic analysis. And for that, you need to go back to the content.
Crazy Love
The officer fell in love with the wife of the regimental commander. This woman was not attractive, and besides, she was a morphine addict. But love is evil ... The romance did not last long. An experienced woman soon got tired of her young lover.
Garrison life is boring and monotonous. The military wife, apparently, wanted to brighten up everyday life with thrills, and she demanded proof of love from her former lover. Namely, throw yourself under a train. He did not die, but remained disabled for the rest of his life.
Love triangle
Another story from the garrison life is told about another story included in the "Garnet Bracelet". Its genre could be easily defined if it represented individual work. It would be a classic story.
The wife of a brave officer, highly respected by the soldiers, fell in love with a lieutenant. A passionate romance ensued. The traitor did not hide her feelings at all. Moreover, the husband was well aware of her relationship with her lover. When the regiment was sent to war, she threatened him with a divorce if something happened to the lieutenant. The man went to sapper work instead of his wife's lover. Checked guard posts for him at night. He did everything to save the health and life of his opponent.
General
These stories are not random. They were told to Vera by General Anosov, one of the most striking characters in the Garnet Bracelet. The genre of this work would not raise doubts if this colorful hero did not exist in it. In that case, it would be a story. But the general distracts the reader from the main storyline. In addition to the above stories, he also tells Vera about some facts from his biography. In addition, Kuprin paid attention to other secondary characters(for example, sister Vera Sheina). The structure of the work from this has become more complex, the plot is deep and interesting.
The stories told by Anosov impress main character. And his reasoning about love makes the princess look differently at the feelings of a faceless telegraph operator.
What genre is "Garnet Bracelet"?
It was said above that in literature there was no clear division between such concepts as a story and a story before. But this was only at the beginning of the 19th century. The work referred to in this article was written by Kuprin in 1910. By that time, the concepts used by modern literary critics had already been formed.
The writer defined his work as a story. Calling "Garnet Bracelet" a story is wrong. However, this mistake is forgivable. As one well-known said, not without a share of irony literary critic, no one can perfectly distinguish a story from a story, but philology students like to argue on this topic.
History of creation. A.I. Kuprin is one of the most interesting prose writers late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century. The appearance in print of his works became a major event. literary life. His stories "Moloch" and "Duel" caused a great resonance in society. And the story "The Pit", published in 1909, was awarded the A.S. Pushkin. With all the diversity of the writer's creative interests, one theme remained unchanged - this is the theme of love, high and bright feelings. Kuprin is considered to be true singer love. His works "Olesya", "Shulamith", "Garnet Bracelet" forever entered the history of literature. In them, Kuprin depicts true love as the highest value of the world, as an incomprehensible mystery.
Kuprin worked on the "Garnet Bracelet" with great enthusiasm, about which he wrote in a letter to F. D. Batyushkov: "Recently I told one good actress about the plot of my work - I cry, I will say one thing, that I have not written anything more chaste." A little earlier, in a letter to the same Batyushkov, Kuprin wrote about real prototypes of his work: "Now I'm busy numbering the "Garnet Bracelet", this - remember - sad story little telegraph official P.P. Zholtikov, who was so hopelessly in love with Lyubimov's wife. In Kuprin's work, the characters received other names, the plot and the finale of the events were creatively reworked by the author. "Garnet Bracelet" was published in 1910 and was immediately truly appreciated by the reading public. Later, K. Paustovsky will call it one of the most "fragrant stories about love."
History of creation Garnet bracelet Kuprin
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One of the most famous creations of Alexander Kuprin is the Garnet Bracelet. The genre of this work is not so easy to determine. It is called both a story and a story. What is the difference between these genres? And which of them does the "Garnet Bracelet" refer to?
Plot
The work "Garnet Bracelet", the genre of which will be defined in this article, is dedicated to extraordinary, unearthly love. The main characters are a married couple Vera and Vasily Shein. The action takes place in a small provincial town on the seashore. Vasily Shein occupies the honorary position of the head of the nobility, which obliges a lot. He attends dinner parties himself high level, has an appropriate appearance, and its family life is exemplary. Vasily and his wife have friendly, warm relations. Vera has not experienced passionate love for her husband for a long time, but she understands him perfectly, which can be said about Vasily.
The plot takes place in the fifth chapter, when the name day of the hostess is celebrated in the Sheins' house. Unnoticed by the guests, Vera receives a gift and a rather lengthy letter attached to it. The message contains a declaration of love. The gift is a massive inflated bracelet made of low-grade gold, decorated with a garnet.
Later, the reader will learn the backstory. Even before Vera's marriage, the author of the letter abandoned her. But one day, secretly from her husband, she writing forbade him to send such messages. From now on, he was limited only to congratulations on New Year, Easter and name day. He did not stop the correspondence, however, he did not speak about love anymore in his messages.
Vera's relatives, and especially brother Nikolai, were extremely outraged by the gift. And so we decided to take effective methods to neutralize the restless admirer. One day, Vasily and Nikolai went straight to the house of a man who had loved Vera unrequitedly for more than eight years, and insistently demanded that they stop writing. The garnet bracelet was also returned to the donor.
Genre
In the literature there are different kinds works: from a small lyric poem to a large-scale novel in several volumes. The content of the work "Garnet Bracelet" was briefly outlined above. The genre must be defined. But first it is worth saying a few words about this literary concept.
Genre - a set of works that have some characteristic common features. It can be a comedy, and an essay, and a poem, and a novel, and a story, and a short story. We will consider the last two options. The genre of Kuprin's Garnet Bracelet, of course, cannot be either a comedy, or a poem, or a novel.
There is a significant difference between a short story and a novel. These genres cannot be confused. main feature stories are small. It is much more difficult to draw a line between him and the story. But there is still a difference. The story describes events that are components of one integral plot. This genre originated in the times of Ancient Rus'. His first examples were works about the exploits of Russian soldiers. Much later, Karamzin began to develop this genre. And after him - Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev. The story is characterized by a slow unhurried development of events.
This genre is a small realistic work. It resembles a Western European short story, but many literary critics single out the story as a separate, special type of work. The story has an unexpected twist. This genre differs from the story in the absence of background, a limited number of characters, and a focus on the main event.
So all the same - a story or a story?
At the beginning of the article, the plot of the work "Garnet Bracelet" was outlined. What genre comes to mind after reading this work or even his brief retelling? Undoubtedly a story. The "Garnet Bracelet" depicts characters who are not directly related to the main events. Some are mentioned in passing, others in great detail. The work gives a detailed description of Anna - younger sister Faith. In addition, the biography of General Anosov, a friend of the Shein family, is presented in some detail. He is not only depicted by the author brightly and colorfully. His presence in the plot has symbolic meaning. Anosov discusses with Vera the topic of "true love, which men are now not capable of." He also utters a significant phrase about the feeling that Vera met on life path and which every woman in the world dreams of. But this hero does not affect the course of events in any way. Its meaning in the story is only symbolic.
It should also be recalled that there is a backstory. Vera tells the same Anosov about the events recent years, namely about a fan who gave her a compromising gift. All this allows us to state with confidence that the genre of Kuprin's work "Garnet Bracelet" is a story. Although it is worth adding that this concept is inherent exclusively in Russian literature. It has no exact equivalent in other languages. In English and German, for example, Kuprin's work is called a short story. And therefore, the one who determines the "Garnet Bracelet" with a story will not make a gross mistake.
