Issues raised in the story of the sandy teacher. Sand teacher

Composition

Andrei Platonov became known to the reader in 1927, when his first collection of novels and short stories, Epifan Gateways, was published. Previously, Platonov tried his hand at poetry, appeared on the pages of newspapers and magazines with essays and articles. But the first book of his artistic prose showed that in literature appeared creative individuality, bright and unusual. The very style of the writer, his world and, of course, the hero were unusual.
Platonov was very fond of all his characters: the driver, the worker, the soldier or the old man. Each one is beautiful in its own way. No wonder one of Plato's heroes said: "It only seems from above, only from above you can see that from below there is a mass, but in fact, individual people live below, have their own inclinations, and one is smarter than the other."
And from all this mass, I would like to single out not even a hero, but one heroine of the story " Sand teacher».
This story was written in 1927, at a time not yet so far from the hot revolutionary period. Memories of this time are still alive, its echoes are still alive in The Sandy Teacher.
But these changes of the era did not touch Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina herself. Saved her from this injury and the father, and hometown, "deaf, strewn with the sands of the Astrakhan province", standing "away from the marching roads of the red and white armies." Since childhood, Maria has been very fond of geography. This love defined her future profession.
Her dreams, ideas, her growing up during her studies are devoted to the entire first chapter of the story. But at this time, Mary was not protected from life's anxieties in the same way as in childhood. We read the author's digression on this matter: "It is strange that no one ever helps at this age young man overcome his anxieties; no one will support the thin trunk that shakes the wind of doubt and shakes the earthquake of growth. In a figurative, metaphorical form, the writer reflects on youth and its defenselessness. There is no doubt a connection with the historical, contemporary period, which is not able to help a person entering into life. Plato's hopes for a change in the situation are connected with thoughts about the future: "Someday youth will not be defenseless."
And the love and suffering of youth were not alien to Mary. But we feel that everything in the life of this girl will be completely different from what she saw in her youth.
In a word, Maria Naryshkina could not even guess about her fate. Yes, everything was not easy for her: the arrangement of the school, the very work with the kids, who in the end completely abandoned the school, since it was no longer up to her in the hungry winter. "The strong, cheerful, courageous nature of Naryshkina began to get lost and go out." Cold, hunger and grief could not bring other results. But the mind brought Maria Naryshkina out of her stupor. She realized that it was necessary to help people in the fight against the desert. And this woman, an ordinary rural teacher, goes to the district department of public education to be taught to teach "sand science". But she was given only books, treated sympathetically and advised to seek help from the district agronomist, who "lived a hundred and fifty miles away and had never been to Khoshutov." With this they carried out.
Here we see that even in a real difficulty, the government of the twenties did nothing to help people, even such initiators and activists as Maria Nikiforovna.
But this woman did not lose all her strength, stamina, and nevertheless achieved her own goals. True, she also had friends in the village - these are Nikita Gavkin, Yermolai Kobzev and many others. However, the restoration of life in Khoshutov is entirely the merit of the "sandy" teacher. She was born in the desert, but she had to make war with her. And everything worked out: "The settlers ... became calmer and more satisfying", "the school was always full of not only children, but also adults", even "the desert gradually turned green and became more welcoming."
But the main test was ahead of Maria Nikiforovna. It was sad and painful for her to realize that the nomads were about to come, although she did not yet know what to expect from them. The old people said: "There will be trouble." And so it happened. Hordes of nomads came on August 25 and drank all the water in the wells, trampled all the greenery, and gnawed everything. It was "the first, real sadness in the life of Maria Nikiforovna." And again she tries to fix the situation. This time she goes to the leader of the nomads. With "young malice" in her soul, she accuses the leader of inhumanity and evil. But he is wise and smart, which Maria notices for herself. And she has a completely different opinion about Zavukrono, who offered to leave Khoshutovo and go to another place, Safuta.
This clever woman decided to sacrifice herself, her life for the sake of saving her village. Isn't it a strength of character to give not just your young years, but your whole life to the service of people, voluntarily giving up excellent happiness? Isn't it strength of character to help those who destroyed your achievements and victories?
Even this short-sighted boss recognized her amazing courage: “You, Maria Nikiforovna, could manage a whole people, not a school.” Is it a woman's job to "manage the people"? But it turned out to be within her power, a simple teacher, and most importantly, strong woman.
How much has she already achieved? But how many victories she still has to win ... I think a lot. Unwittingly believe in such a person. They can only be proud of.
Yes, and Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina herself, I think, will never have to say about herself the way Zavokrono said: “For some reason I am ashamed.” He, a man, in his life did not accomplish such a feat, which he did and which the simple “sandy teacher” continues to perform.

The story of A.P. Platonov "The Sandy Teacher" was created in 1926. For the first time this work was published in the collection "Epifan Gateways" and in the newspaper "Literary Wednesday" in 1927.

The main idea of ​​the story "The Sandy Teacher" is the problem of the choice faced by the heroine. To achieve some goal, it is necessary to have not only determination, but also the wisdom to come to terms with life's circumstances.

The main character of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is twenty-year-old Maria Naryshkina. At the age of 16, her father took her to the regional capital for pedagogical courses. After 4 years, Maria Nikiforovna was sent as a teacher to the village of Khoshutovo, where the action of the work takes place.

The main problem of the local village was sandstorms. The peasants there were so poor that the children had nothing to wear and they were starving. The kids often missed school. The poor did not have enough food, the children grew thin, rapidly losing interest in learning, and then died.

When two children died in the class, the teacher realized that something had to be changed. She came to the conclusion that the local peasants do not need any other science than that which would help to overcome the unfortunate sands and turn the desert into a living land.

Maria Nikiforovna went to the district to ask for help from a teacher of sand science, but she realized that no one would help except herself. The teacher was able to convince the peasants of the need to plant shrubs that could hold back the sands. After 2 years, green bushes turned green around the irrigated gardens. From the rods of plants, the peasants wove various products that helped to earn extra money. However, in the third year, disaster struck. Once every 15 years, nomads with a thousand horses passed through these places. Soon there was nothing left, no water, no green spaces. But Maria Nikiforovna taught local residents conquer the sands. They will plant green spaces again after the departure of the nomads.

After a while, Maria Naryshkina was transferred to the village of Safuta, so that the settled nomads living there could be trained in the fight against the sands. Before leaving, the teacher is faced with a choice - to give her youth to the fight against the sands in a remote area, or give up and try to arrange her personal life. After all, she is young, and she has neither a husband nor children. But Maria Nikiforovna is going, thereby giving up her personal life for the sake of the public good.

Option 2

The work is one of the first works of the writer relating to fiction expressing the author's creative bright and unusual individuality.

The main character of the story is a young woman Maria Naryshkina, presented by the writer in the form of a twenty-year-old girl who graduated from the Astrakhan teacher training courses and was appointed a teacher to teach children in a remote area, in the village of Khoshutovo, located in the region of the Central Asian desert territories.

The work of a young teacher begins in difficult conditions, as the village feels a total shortage of water balance, necessary for drinking and irrigation, and is constantly attacked by sandstorms, which result in the poverty of the village, as well as the inability of children to attend classes, including in winter from - due to snow storms and the lack of necessary warm clothes and shoes.

Distinguished by her courageous and active nature, Maria decides to organize with the help of the local population the work of turning desert places into living territories. At the same time, without receiving support from her own leadership, the girl relies solely on her own strength and available knowledge, which help her in organizing public works for planting green shrubs in the form of a sheluga, as well as pine nurseries that can become protection during sandstorms, retaining sand, and saving snow moisture and blocking the movement of hot wind.

A few years after the start of the fight against the desert, under the leadership of Maria Naryshkina, the village is transformed into a living, green village, while the peasants, using the twigs of overgrown shrubs, have additional income from the sale of wicker baskets, furniture, boxes.

However, soon all the work of fellow villagers is destroyed by the nomads who passed through the village. Maria does not despair and encourages local residents to resume their previous work on planting green plants, and she personally visits the leader of a nomadic tribe with a request to protect their native village from such raids in the future. A conversation between two thinking people leads to a positive result, and the head of the nomads is imbued with sympathy for an active, young and caring woman.

After some time, Maria is transferred to work in a distant village, in which there are nomads who have decided to lead a settled life, where the girl continues the work she started in the form of educating the local population, as well as teaching the culture of life in sandy places. The girl yearns a little for the absence of her own personal life, which she sacrifices for the public good.

The story "The Sandy Teacher" is distinguished by the display in the narrative content of numerous problems in the form of revealing the role of the teacher in human life, images of strong character traits of a fighter against natural elements, as well as questions moral choice a person who aims own destiny sincere service to people.

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Analysis of the story "The Sandy Teacher" by A. Platonov

The action of Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" takes place in the 1920s in the small Central Asian village of Khoshutovo. Behind the outskirts of the village begins the real desert - ruthless and cold to people.

The idea of ​​the value of knowledge for a person and entire nations is the main idea of ​​the story "The Sandy Teacher". The mission of the main character, teacher Maria Naryshkina, is to bring knowledge. In the conditions where Naryshkina lived, the knowledge and ability to create forest belts, preserve green spaces and plant plants turned out to be vital.

The style of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is very concise. The heroes talk little - in Khoshutov they always talk a little, they save words and strength, because they will still be needed in the fight against the invasion of the sands. The whole story of Maria before she made a fateful decision - to go to work for nomads, for a foreign people, fits the author into several dozen short paragraphs. I would even call the style of the story close to reportage. There are few descriptions of the area in the work, more narration, action.

But the author pays special attention to the feelings and emotions of the characters. They clarify the situation in which the inhabitants of the sand-covered Khoshutovo found themselves better than any description of the landscape. “The old watchman, crazy from silence and loneliness, was delighted with her, as if she had returned to her daughter.” "A sad, slow feeling seized the traveler - Maria Nikiforovna, when she found herself among the deserted sands on the way to Khoshutovo."

Platonov's style is very metaphorical, figurative: "a weak growing heart", "life oozed in the desert." Life in Khoshutov really barely moves, as if water is filtered drop by drop. Here a drop of water is the focus of life itself.

The theme of cultural exchange and mutual understanding between people also occupies one of the central places in the work. Friendliness and the desire to find a common language with different personalities are the values ​​proclaimed by the author in the story. After the appearance, and in fact, the raid of nomads, Maria Naryshkina goes to the leader of the tribe to express all her claims to him, dissuade him from destroying their village, spoiling green spaces. The leader of the nomads, having talked with a young woman, is imbued with sympathy for her. She also to him.

But it doesn't give a solution main problem story - how to save the fruits of their labor? How to save the lives of people and the well-being of villages when there is no water, there is not enough grass for everyone? “Someone dies and swears,” says the leader of the tribe. The head of Naryshkina invites her to become a teacher in a nomadic settlement: to teach them to respect other people's work, to cultivate green spaces. Mary becomes the very helping hand that one nation extends to another.

The work also touches on the theme of giving up personal life for the sake of the public good. “Is it possible that youth will have to be buried in the sandy desert among wild nomads?...” - the young teacher thinks. However, remembering "the hopeless fate of the two peoples, squeezed in the vise of the desert," Maria without hesitation decides to go and teach the nomads.

Andrei Platonovich Platonov lived a rich, meaningful life. He was an excellent engineer, worked hard to benefit the young socialist republic. First of all, the author was remembered for his small prose. In it, Platonov tried to convey to readers the ideals that society should strive for. The embodiment of bright ideas was the heroine of Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher". This in a feminine way the author touched upon the topic of giving up personal life for the sake of public affairs.

The prototype of the Platonic teacher

Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher", a summary of which you can read below, was written in 1927. And now mentally transport yourself to the 20s of the last century. Post-revolutionary life, building a big country...

Literary scholars believe that the prototype of the main character of Platonov's story "The First Teacher" was the author's bride, Maria Kashintseva. Once, as a student practice, the girl went to the village to fight illiteracy. This mission was very noble. Maria was also frightened by too violent feelings and courtship of Andrei Platonovich, so she made a kind of escape into the outback. The writer devoted many touching lines to his beloved in his stories and novels.

Storyline of the story

"The Sandy Teacher", a summary of which we provide, takes the reader to the Central Asian desert. Do you think by accident? Western European experts believe that the most powerful features of a person are revealed in the desert. Biblical tradition says that Christ wandered in the desert for 40 days, did not eat or drink anything, strengthened his spirit.

Maria Naryshkina had a wonderful childhood with wonderful parents. Her father was very wise man. Working as a teacher, he did a lot for the development of his daughter. Then Maria studied at pedagogical courses in Astrakhan. After graduation, she is sent to the remote village of Khoshutovo, which is near the desert itself in Central Asia. The sands made life very difficult for the locals. They could not engage in agriculture, they had already given up and abandoned all undertakings. Nobody even wanted to go to school.

The energetic teacher did not give up, but organized a real battle with the elements. After consulting with agronomists in the district center, Maria Nikiforovna organized the planting of sheluga and pine. These actions made the desert more welcoming. Residents began to respect Maria, students came to school. Only soon the miracle ended.

Soon the village was raided by nomads. Plantings they destroyed, water from wells used. The teacher is trying to negotiate with the leader of the nomads. He asks Maria to teach forestry to the inhabitants of a neighboring village. The teacher agrees and decides to devote herself to saving the villages from the sands. She encourages the residents and believes that someday forest plantations will flaunt here.

The image of the teacher - the conqueror of nature

A. S. Pushkin wrote: "We will reward our mentors for the good." It is a mentor, not a teacher can be called main character in the book "The Sandy Teacher". Summary does not convey the ruthlessness and coldness of the desert to people. Only purposeful, with active life position one can resist it. In her actions, Maria Nikiforovna uses humanity, justice, and tolerance. The teacher does not shift the fate of the peasants to anyone and looks to the future with optimism. Once she dreams of coming to the village along the forest road.

Topics, issues and values ​​raised by the author

The main characters of The Sandy Teacher served Platonov to convey the main idea - the value of knowledge for the villagers and entire nations. Maria proudly carries out her main mission - to give knowledge. For the inhabitants of the village of Khoshutovo, the most important thing was to plant plants, strengthening the soil and creating forest belts.

The heroes of the story almost do not communicate, this style of narration can be called reportage. The author only narrates and describes the actions. The feelings of the characters are conveyed by Platonov very emotionally. There are many metaphors and colorful expressions in the story.

Central to the book is the theme of cultural exchange. The author proclaims special values ​​- friendly relations and finding common language with various figures, even with nomads.

The problem of finding the meaning of life in Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1) to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher";
2) unleash complexity and richness inner peace heroines, to help students realize the importance of nature and work in the lives of heroes.

Will youth really have to be buried in the sandy desert among wild nomads and die in the sheluge bush, considering this half-dead tree in the desert to be the best monument to itself and the highest glory of life? ..
A. Platonov

During the classes.
Organizing time
A. Platonov's stories, written in the mid-1920s, reflect some features of the writer's biography, the aspirations of his personality and, most importantly, his search for his own poetic system. The purpose of our lesson is to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Let us recall what we know about the fate of the writer.
A student's story about the life of A.P. Platonov with a slide show.
Analysis of the story "Sand teacher".
In the world of Plato's stories of the first period of his work, the destructive forces of nature - drought, tornado, hot sands of the desert, the deadly "garbage wind" - are actively opposed by an unknown hero who is able to patiently live on, preparing with his work "the day when he begins to realize real happiness common life without which there is nothing to do and the heart is ashamed. Such is the heroine of the story "The Sandy Teacher" Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina.

What is the story of Platonov about? Why, in your opinion, did the author call his story "The Sandy Teacher"?
(A. Platonov was especially attracted by the desert with its mystery, its great and resurgent life. main topic works - the fate of a young teacher who devoted herself to serving people.)

What is the significance of the first chapter of the story?
(The first chapter is an exposition. It begins with the life story of Maria Naryshkina. It is important for the author what impressions the heroine has had since childhood, whether she is prepared for future trials. A description of the appearance of the 20-year-old heroine is also given here.)

When does the action start?
(Beginning of action Chapter 2. According to the distribution, Maria ended up in Khoshutovo.)

What is the role of the landscape in this part of the story?
(The landscape sketch at the beginning of chapter 2 makes it possible to understand state of mind heroines. The description of the village, as it were, complements this state.)

How do further events develop in the story?
(In Chapter 3, the idea of ​​​​the work is expressed, the transformation of the desert into a living land. “The Sandy Teacher” voluntarily includes herself in the endless and hopeless life of the peasants of a remote steppe village on the very border with the desert, since she realized that only then can the school fulfill its mission, when he teaches the main "art of turning the desert into a living land.")

How do you understand the meaning of the metaphor "Turn the desert into a living land"?
(According to the writer, this means not only watering the drying steppe, draining the swamp, planting a forest or garden, but also teaching people creative work, giving them a dream of a different, beautiful and joyful life.)

What are the results of Maria Naryshkina's activities?
(In Chapter 4, we learn how the desert was transformed two years later. A young teacher cheerfully and courageously took up the task of reorganization and, with the help of science, achieved that “in a year Khoshutovo was unrecognizable.”)

What episode can be called the climax?
(The climax of the story is the first part of chapter 5, which describes the invasion of nomads.)

What is, according to the writer, “the hopeless fate of the two peoples?
(The author convinces us that to solve technically everything social problems impossible. It is impossible not to take into account the traditions, the laws by which people lived in these places from time immemorial. Once every 15 years, the path of nomadic tribes passed through the village, and then the settlers died without water and food, destroyed by herds of nomads. It's cruel, but there was no other way. “He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal,” says the leader of the tribe. "We are not evil, and you are not evil, but there is not enough grass.")

What is the denouement of the piece? (The denouement is the decision of the fate of the heroine. Maria Naryshkina goes to Sofutovo to improve the life of the nomads).

Summarizing.
How is the problem of finding the meaning of life solved in the story?
(Bright confidence in the possibility of perfection by a person of the world in which he lives, - main idea story.

How does the author answer the question of Maria Naryshkina, put in the epigraph of our lesson?
(Overcoming self-pity, Maria Naryshkina invests her life in a common cause. She understood and took to heart "the complex and deep life of the desert tribes, the whole hopeless fate of the two peoples, sandwiched in the dunes of sand", and calmly and dignifiedly decided her fate) .

Homework: Determine character traits time in A. Platonov's story "The Pit" and pick up material from the text.
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