Postcards by the artist Malyutitina about s. Malyutin Sergey Vasilievich

Malyutin Sergey Vasilievich (1859-1937) - Russian and Soviet artist, painter, portrait painter, architect, theater artist, illustrator. Member of the Association of Wanderers, the Union of Russian Artists, the World of Art association, the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AHRR), the Izograph Association. Exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris, exhibitions of Russian art in Paris and Berlin, exhibitions of the Wanderers in the USA, exhibitions of the MTX, the Munich Secession and others

Study and early period of creativity

Born in Moscow on September 22, 1859 in a wealthy family of a manufacturer. Left an orphan at the age of 3, he ended up being raised by an aunt in Voronezh. The boy's artistic inclinations appeared early, but there were no conditions for their development. The future artist studied at a commercial school, and then at an accounting course, after which he entered the service of a clerk. In the late 1870s, Malyutin was at the exhibition of the Wanderers in Voronezh and finally established himself in his desire to become an artist.

In 1880 he returned to Moscow, where he entered the position of draftsman of the Office of the Brest railway, at the same time independently engaged in painting, wrote numerous sketches, made sketches during long walks along Moscow streets. In 1883 he entered the MUZhVZ, where among his mentors were I.M. Pryanishnikov and V.E. Makovsky. Evgraf Sorokin had a special influence on Malyutin, to whom, according to the artist himself, he owes more than anyone else for the professional skills acquired at the school. Malyutin's studies at MUZHVZ coincided with the rise of this educational institution: among the students of the school at that time were K. Korovin, M. Nesterov, S. Zhukovsky. He graduated from MUZHVZ in 1886 with the title of a free artist. The work of Malyutin in the 1880s and 1890s is characterized by a creative search, a variety of genres and techniques. Landscapes, similar in style to the works of V.D. Polenov, gradually become part of the genre and historical canvases, the artist masters the open air, masters impressionistic techniques, works with color nuances and form

At the invitation of S.I. Mamontov, in the mid-1890s, he created scenery for the Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow private operas. One of the main achievements of Malyutin in this period of creativity is work in book graphics and the creation of illustrations for the works of A.S. Pushkin (“The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg”)

Talashkino

From the late 1890s he was engaged in arts and crafts. In 1899, together with a craftsman from Sergiev Posad, he created and painted the first Russian nesting doll. In 1900-1903, Malyutin headed the Talashkino carpentry workshops, was engaged in the design of furniture and objects of arts and crafts. He worked on architectural projects and interior decoration of buildings in Talashkino, Smolensk and Moscow. Among his architectural works- "Teremok", a small wooden house in Flenovo, decorated with carvings based on Russian epics and fairy tales; the theater and the Spasskaya church-tomb in Talashkino; museum "Russian antiquity" in Smolensk; Pertsov's house in Moscow. Malyutin's architecture and arts and crafts projects are mainly inspired by Russian folk motifs and traditional crafts such as woodcarving. Reworking the traditions of Russian art and interpreting in his own way the artistic techniques, Malyutin created his own version of "Russian Art Nouveau", characterized by incredible picturesqueness and plasticity of images

Returning to Moscow in 1903, Malyutin began teaching at the MUZhVZ. In 1909 he became the head of the portrait-genre class, at the same time he painted portraits of his contemporaries, creating a portrait gallery eminent figures Russian art. In 1914 the artist was awarded the title of academician

After 1917

After the October Revolution, Malyutin taught at the Higher Artistic and Industrial Workshops (1918-1923). He was one of the organizers of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AHRR). Participated in the creation of a series of propaganda posters "Windows of satire ROSTA". In 1927-1931 he was a member of the Association of Realist Artists. He died in Moscow in 1937. The works of Sergey Vasilyevich Malyutin are presented in the collections of the largest Russian museums, including in the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and others.

Ours today is doing a lot of art work to find, identify and preserve such works, which, to date, have not yet been presented to the general public, but, nevertheless, are very rare. today it will not be difficult - you can see it on almost every street, but ours has every reason to be considered one of the best in the capital. We are proud of the works of our dear compatriots presented, only here.
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Painter, graphic artist, stage designer, artist of decorative arts, architect

From merchant family. Youth years spent in Voronezh; from the late 1870s he lived in Moscow. In 1881 he entered the evening preparatory courses at the MUZhVZ. Studied at MUZHVZ (1884–1890) under E. S. and P. S. Sorokin, I. M. Pryanishnikov, V. E. Makovsky. In 1886 he was awarded two small medals for drawings from nature. silver medals. In 1890 he received the title of non-class (free) artist and, without completing the competition picture, left his studies.

Lived in Moscow. He painted landscapes, portraits, paintings on everyday and historical subjects; engaged in monumental painting and interior design. In the 1890s he worked for the Russian Historical Museum over the monumental panel "Kulikovo Field" (1896-1898; not realized); became close to the historians I. E. Zabelin and V. O. Klyuchevsky. In 1896, at the invitation of K. A. Korovin, he participated in the design of the pavilion “ Far North» at the All-Russian Industrial and Agricultural Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.

As a stage designer, he collaborated in the theaters of G. G. Solodovnikov (1890s), the Russian Private Opera of S. I. Mamontov in Moscow (1896-1902), the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg (1911-1913). He created sketches of costumes and scenery for the operas "Kashchei the Immortal" (1902), "Sadko" by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov (1909), "Askold's Grave" by A. N. Verstovsky (1912), the ballet "The Nutcracker" by P. I. Tchaikovsky (1913) and others.

In the late 1890s, on the initiative of S. I. Mamontov, he illustrated the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin and Russian folk tales. From the late 1890s, he developed sketches of furniture, utensils, embroideries, items jewelry art. With the turner of the handicraft workshops of Sergiev Posad, he created the first Russian matryoshka doll (1899). In 1899-1903 he lived in the estate of M. K. Tenisheva Talashkino near Smolensk, where he led the carpentry and ceramic workshops; worked on projects and decorative decoration of buildings in Talashkino, Flenovo (Teremok pavilion, Spasskaya church-tomb; both - 1901-1903). Together with V. M. Vasnetsov, he created a project for the building of the Russian Antiquity Museum in Smolensk (1904–1905). Member of the artel of potters "Murava" (1904-1918). The author of the apartment building project was P. N. Pertsova in Moscow (1905–1907; together with the engineer N. K. Zhukov).

In 1914 he was awarded the title of academician.

After October revolution was a member of the Collegium of Fine Arts of the People's Commissariat for Education (since 1919); participated in the work of the IZO section of Mosgubrabis (1919–1923). Created an emblem (“Consent of Moscow Artists”) for Trade Union painters (1917).

From 1881 - participant of exhibitions (student, MUZHVZ). Member and exhibitor of the Moscow Society of Art Lovers (1888, 1890, 1892; member since the late 1890s), World of Art (1899–1901, 1903, 1921; member since 1900), Union of Russian Artists (1903–1905, 1907– 1922; member since 1903), Society of Artists-Realists (1927-1928, member since 1928). One of the founders of the AHRR (1922–1926, 1928). Member of the association "Izograph" (since 1917), the Moscow Art Society (since 1923). Participated in exhibitions of the Moscow Association of Artists (1893, 1896, 1903), the Munich Secession (1898), 36 artists (1901-1903). Exhibitor at the World Exhibition in Paris (1900), exhibitions of Russian art in Paris (1906), Berlin (1906-1907, 1922), traveling exhibitions in the USA (1924-1925, 1929), exhibitions "Socialist Construction in Soviet Art" (1930, 1931) in Moscow, "Artists of the RSFSR for XV years" in Moscow, Leningrad (1932-1934) and others.

He taught at the Moscow Elizabethan Institute (1891-1893; drawing), MUZhVZ (1903-1917), the First and Second State Free Art Workshops - Vkhutemas (1918-1920).

Malyutin - an outstanding Russian artist turn of XIX- XX centuries, which proved itself in various fields: painting, architecture, theatrical and decorative and decorative and applied arts. IN early work(1890s) was close to the Wanderers in the narrative, often in the socially critical orientation of his works. The works of the 1900s are dominated by Art Nouveau features; the painting of this time is characterized by a free, dynamic manner of writing, expression, bright saturated color. Paintings of the 1910s and 20s, on the contrary, are characterized by rigor and graphic quality (sometimes softened with pastel in the 1910s). He was a bright innovator in arts and crafts, having a significant impact on the formation of the neo-Russian trend in art.

Malyutin's works are in major museum collections, including the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum, the Pushkin Museum im. A. S. Pushkin and others.

Sergey Vasilievich Malyutin was born in Moscow, in a merchant family. At the age of three he was left an orphan. Started painting at early childhood, from the age of 14 he took care of his earnings. In the 1890s, Malyutin painted portraits and landscapes. The manner of his paintings at that time was very far from Art Nouveau. In the first half of the 1900s, the artist became interested in folk art and Russian antiquity. His friendship with Savva Mamontov began, well famous friend and patron of artists. By order of Mamontov, Malyutin painted pictures - panels and designed performances.
Sergey Diaghilev drew attention to the works of Malyutin. The artist's works seemed to S. Diaghilev very similar to the canvases of some expensive and rare fabrics, they were so bright and beautiful.
Malyutin's art flourished in the 1900s. He works in the Art Nouveau style and creates many objects of arts and crafts.
From the late 1900s, his work took a different direction. He returns from arts and crafts to painting, paints portraits and landscapes, retaining his own view of the world.
In 1900 - 1903 the artist worked in Talashkino. Princess M. K. Tenisheva invited Malyutin to run a ceramic carpentry workshop, where furniture, sledges, embroideries were made according to the drawings, and balalaikas were painted. According to the project of Malyutin, "Teremok" was built in Talashkino - an elegant building in a smart style.
Tiles were made in the ceramic workshop - painted ceramic tiles for facing stoves or decorations for house facades. Malyutin made sketches of drawings, according to which tiles were then made. In them, the artist combined traditions folk art With characteristic features modern style.
Sergey Malyutin was one of the creators of nesting dolls, a favorite toy for children and adults. Matryoshka is so loved in Russia that many people consider it a folk Russian toy invented many centuries ago. But this is not so - the Matryoshka was invented at the beginning of the 20th century by Art Nouveau artists .. The matryoshka combined the features of the Russian “roly-poly”, “Vanka-vstanka” and the Japanese “fukurum” toy, it was a fusion of the traditional and the new.
Illustrated books: A. S. Pushkin - "Ruslan and Lyudmila"; B. S. Zhitkov - “What happened”; V. V. Mayakovsky - “The Horse is Fire”; S. V. Mikhalkova - “What do you have?”.
Artist's work

Malyutin Sergey Vasilyevich (1859-1937)

At the end of the 1870s. in Voronezh, a traveling exhibition was opened, among the visitors of which was a young man from a merchant family, who had recently completed accounting courses and served as a clerk. Here he first met with genuine painting, and deep impressions from what he saw gave a very concrete meaning to his vague dreams: he firmly decided to become an artist.

This young man was S. V. Malyutin. In 1883 he entered the MUZhVZ. 1880s were the heyday of Russian art, associated, as in the previous decade, with the activities of the TPHV. Malyutin's classmates at the school were I. I. Levitan, S. A. and K. A Korovins, A. P. Ryabushkin, M. V. Nesterov, A. E. Arkhipov, and among his teachers - famous painters V. E. Makovsky and I. M. Pryanishnikov. He owed his professional training primarily to the talented draftsman E. S. Sorokin.

In 1886, Malyutin graduated from college, receiving the title of a free artist. His activities in early period(late 1880s - 1890s) was very diverse. Giving preference to lyrical genre scenes without a detailed plot ("Girlfriends", 1889; "Visiting a Neighbor", 1892, etc.), he painted landscapes that reveal a connection with the Polenov school, and historical paintings ("Invasion of the Tatars", 1890 -e).

In the mid 1890s. at the invitation of S. I. Mamontov, he creates scenery for his Nizhny Novgorod Opera, and then works for the Moscow Private Opera. But the biggest achievements of Malyutin during this period, especially in the late 1890s, are associated with book illustration("The Tale of Tsar Saltap", "Ruslan and Lyudmila" and other works by A. S. Pushkin). Despite some unevenness and sometimes inconsistency of searches, the artist's work in this area was an important step forward compared to the illustration of the second half of XIX V.

In 1900, Malyutin settled in Talashkino, the estate of Princess M. K. Tenisheva, which was then the center of the revival of artistic crafts. Tenisheva's activities in collecting works of folk art and training carvers, weavers, embroiderers and other craftsmen in specially arranged workshops acquired a wide scope. Sketches art products performed by V. M. Vasnetsov, K. A. Korovin, M. A. Vrubel, N. K. Roerich, but the flourishing of the Talashka craft is associated primarily with the name of Malyutin, under whose constant leadership the work of handicraftsmen was carried out.

According to his designs, the carpentry and carving workshops performed external and interior decoration Talashka buildings, of which the library house ("Teremok") has survived to this day. Not striving to follow the patterns of traditional folk art and not caring especially about the utilitarian side, Malyutin comprehended national heritage primarily at the figurative level and became one of the creators of a kind of Russian version of the Art Nouveau style.

In 1900, the magazine "World of Art" introduced the public to the work of the artist, who was gaining more and more popularity. Upon returning to Moscow in 1903, Malyutin joined the Union of Artists and began teaching at the Moscow School of Painting and Art. His most significant work of that time was the design, together with the architect N. K. Zhukov, of the facades and interiors of the apartment building of P. N. Pertsov (1905-07). This building has become interesting phenomenon in the architecture of the beginning of the century. Malyutin received particular fame as a portrait painter.

In 1909, he headed the portrait-genre class at the school, which had previously been led by V. A. Serov. Soon the artist had an idea to continue the creation of a portrait gallery " the best people Russians", started on the initiative of P. M. Tretyakov. The portrait of V. V. Perepletchikov (1912) opened this gallery, followed by portraits of M. V. Nesterov, V. Ya. Bryusov (both 1913), A. M. Vasnetsov , K. F. Yuon (both 1914), V. A. Gilyarovsky, N. P. Bogdanov-Belsky (both 1915), I. D. Sytin and others.

In 1914, S. V. Malyutin was awarded the title of academician:: and in next year he became a member of the TPHV. IN Soviet time the painter continued to paint portraits in line with the realistic tradition. In 1922, in his apartment, young realist artists decided to create a new association, which later received the name of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AHRR).

Most famous work Malyutin of the Soviet era - a portrait of D. A. Furmanov (1922). It organically merged two main themes of the artist's portrait work: man new era, figure of the revolution, and a man of art. The hero of the portrait - a writer, commissar of the legendary Chapaev division - is simple and natural; his lively, slightly mocking gaze is turned to the audience. The compositional solution of the picture is very successful: the dynamics of the diagonal lines converging in the semantic center - the face of the depicted, enhances the lively mobility and at the same time the monumentality of the image. In the restrained scale of the canvas, decided in grayish, greenish and ocher tones, there is an intense spot of open scarlet color - a military order on the left side of the commissar's chest. This color accent serves as an important touch to the image of Furmanov, who at that time, despite being injured, worked courageously to complete his novel. On the subject of heroics civil war Malyutin turned in another portrait - "Partisan" (1936), written by him shortly before his death.

Artist's paintings

Self-portrait in a fur coat. 1901

Self-portrait. 1918

Kashchei oil

Portrait of Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov

Portrait of Vera Malyutina

Portrait N. II. Bogdanov-Belsky

Portrait of Vasily Vasilievich Perepletchikov

Sergey Malyutin was born on September 22, 1859 in Moscow into a wealthy family of a manufacturer. When he was three years old, his parents died and he became an orphan. Further, his childhood passed in Voronezh, where his aunt, whose husband was a simple official, took her upbringing.

The environment and upbringing of the boy did not contribute to the development of his artistic talent: he studied at a commercial school, and then graduated from accounting courses and served as a clerk in Voronezh. In the late 1870s, an exhibition of the Wanderers took place in Voronezh. On Sergey this real painting, created outstanding artists, made an indelible impression, he felt the strength to take up drawing.

Malyutin returned to Moscow in 1880. Despite the fact that he was born in this city, everything was unfamiliar and interesting to him: the way of life, people, architecture, the contrast between the central districts of the city and its suburbs. He entered the service as a draftsman of the Brest Railway Administration. After the service, having finished his working day, he could walk for a long time along the outskirts of Moscow streets.

In 1883, Malyutin entered the Moscow School painting, sculpture and architecture, and studied there for 3 years. In 1888, the council of the Moscow Art Society awarded his work with two small silver medals. Malyutin wanted to get the title of a class artist - he completed a sketch and sketches for a painting depicting the work of raftsmen on the Moscow River, but his teacher V.E. Makovsky made many critical remarks about this work, and Malyutin, being an emotional person, left work on this picture.

In 1890 he received the title of non-class (free) artist. Since then, Malyutin has been constantly improving his skills, and earning a living by drawing lessons. From 1891, he taught drawing at the Moscow Elizabethan Institute for three years. In the 1890s, Malyutin created scenery for Savva Mamontov's Nizhny Novgorod Opera and later for the Moscow Private Opera. At the end of the same period, he completed illustrations for Pushkin's books, and in 1896 became a member of the Moscow Association of Artists.

"Tale of dead princess(A.S. Pushkin)"

During these years, Malyutin worked in various genres: his landscapes had a connection with Polenov's technique (for example, "Moscow Landscape" in 1883). Then the landscape became integral part other genres, preserved only in the form of an etude. The artist increasingly wrote in the open air (for example, “Window in The Cherry Orchard” in 1887 and “Landscape with a Blooming Willow” in 1892), more and more impressionistic elements were present in his works, which made it possible to emotionally convey the interaction of light and color in nature, while Malyutin paid much attention to form. This can be judged by his Crimean landscapes, where his connection with the Polenov school was more and more noticeable. He also worked on genre films (for example, "Girlfriends" in 1889 and "Visiting a Neighbor" in 1892) and historical paintings, including the painting "Invasion of the Tatars".

A particularly noteworthy painting of this period is “By Stage”, written in 1890. In this work, Malyutin spoke about the fate of different classes, which was traditional for the Wanderers. The artist created a generalized image of the lower class with deftly recreated details and poses, as well as bold, fragmentary composition. The picture was saturated with the tragedy of the situation and the suffering of these prisoners: the audience could see a sleepy guard, a screaming policeman, the absence of a daytime sky and the blank planes of the walls.

"Girlfriends"

In 1900, Sergey Malyutin settled in Talashkino, the estate of Princess M.K. Tenisheva, who showed great interest in folk art crafts and contributed to their revival with all her might. Malyutin directed art workshops until 1903, according to his sketches, carvers and joiners performed the interior and exterior decoration of buildings in the estate, Moscow and Smolensk. But of all these buildings, only the Teremok library house has survived. Notable artists N.K. Roerich, K.A. Korovin, V.M. Vasnetsov and M.A. Vrubel created sketches for art products. The works carried out in the Talashka workshops became the impetus for the development of the Russian art industry. In this work, Sergei Vasilievich took as a basis the images folk art, avoiding blind copying of the traditions of folk art. Therefore, Malyutin is considered the founder of the original Russian Art Nouveau. Already at the end of his life, trying to summarize his achievements, he extolled the role decorative arts, putting it on the same level with other types of fine arts.

The first nesting doll appeared in Russia in late XIX century. It was an eight-seat wooden doll depicting a girl in a sundress, a white apron, with a colorful scarf on her head and a black rooster in her hands. I carved it in the Moscow workshop-shop " child education» turner V.P. Zvezdochkin, and painted by Sergey Malyutin.

Also in 1900, Malyutin became a member of the World of Art association of artists. The name of Sergey Malyutin appeared more than once on the pages of the World of Art magazine, and the public was more and more interested in the artist's work.

Town. Wood, carving, tempera

"Teremok"

But state of mind Malyutin during this period can be called a crisis, despite the stormy creative activity. In his life, it was time for maturity, but he could not determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhis work.

In 1903, Malyutin returned to Moscow, joined the "Union of Russian Artists" and began teaching at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he worked for 14 years until 1917. The most significant work of Malyutin during this period was the design of the interiors and facades of the profitable house of P.N. Pertsov, together with the architect N. Zhukov. This work was a modern phenomenon in the architecture of the XX century.

In 1908, the wife of Sergei Vasilievich died, and all his attention was focused on the children: he often painted their portraits, watching how they grow, change, how their character and way of thinking was formed. These works have become one of the most poignant in his work, and were presented at the exhibitions of the "Union of Russian Artists". Next, Malyutin created a series of stunning, characteristic portraits. In 1909, he became the head of the portrait-genre class at the school. He set himself the goal of creating a portrait gallery of prominent Russian figures (the same task was set by P.M. Tretyakov before the Wanderers): he laid the foundation for the portrait of V.V. Perepletchikov, and then the portraits of M.V. Nesterov, V.Ya. A.M.Vasnetsov, V.A.Gilyarovsky, N.P.Bogdanov-Belsky and many others famous people. Malyutin became famous precisely for his unique portraits of the Russian intelligentsia of the pre-revolutionary years, and after - the leaders of the Soviet state.

In 1913, Malyutin joined the Association of Travelers. art exhibitions, and in 1914 the artist was awarded the title of academician.

sculpture workshop

"Portrait of the Artist's Daughter"

"Portrait of V.V. Perepletchikov"

"Fishermen on the Black Sea"

"Portrait of M.V. Nesterov"

From 1918 to 1923, Sergey Malyutin taught at the Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops (VHUTEMAS). He remained faithful to the realistic tradition in painting, continuing to paint portraits. He did not stand aside when the young Soviet Republic was being born, he participated in the creation of the “ROSTA Windows of Satire” (a series of specific propaganda posters created by Soviet artists and poets who worked in the Russian Telegraph Agency - ROSTA). In 1922, the artist became one of the organizers of the "Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia" (AHRR). In 1927 he entered artistic group"Association of Realist Artists", where he was until 1931.

One of the most significant and famous works Malyutin of the Soviet era - a portrait of D.A. Furmanov, painted in 1922. Dmitry Furmanov, commissar of the famous Chapaev division, was a man of modern times: he combined the traits of both a representative of art and a bright revolutionary. On the canvas he sat in a natural, relaxed posture, his simple gaze directed straight ahead. The viewer immediately noticed a bright spot on a calm, grayish background - an order. It was no coincidence that the artist drew the attention of the viewer to this award: the writer was injured, but, despite this, he continued to work on the novel.