Attitude of people to bread. Introduce students to the meaning of bread; To promote students' understanding of the moral significance of careful attitude to bread, traditions and customs; Bring up
Text from grade 9. Type of presentation. On a trial, by the way, exam. Copyright marks and literacy are preserved.
Variation on the theme of times.
It has long been the custom of the Slavs. People who took bread became friends with bread for life. When you eat bread, life changes. And bread becomes your friend forever. The people believe that bread is life, life is bread God.
There is a connection with bread. Bread is always on place of honor. Good guests are greeted with bread and salt. But not every guest knows that you have to break the bread yourself to eat it and give it to the guests. Not every person knows that before breaking the bread he must be kissed.
Variation on theme two.
From time immemorial, the Slavs had a custom. Bread was valued when someone was escorted on the road, when someone was dying. Bread must not be thrown away, because sin punished. People leaning against bread remained forever true friends to each other. Batiushka bread was the custom of all peoples when people were escorted to another world.
Every grain was invested in the bread. Freeloaders live at the expense of others, they earn a living to live life. But there is one thing without any exception, bread is the life of man. Guests are always greeted at the holidays with bread and salt.
Respect for bread and love in the family. Bread must be handled with care. The kinder his soul, the more conscientious the person. Those who do not value bread were punished by sin.
From another work, semi-variation:
People who offer bread become friends for life.
And another one:
When eating bread, the life of the people changes.
It has long been a custom among the Slavs: people who break bread become friends for life. Bread is the ambassador of peace and friendship between peoples, and remains so today. Life is changing, new values are emerging, but bread-father, bread-breadwinner remains the greatest value. It is customary to see off with bread long way. It is customary to meet soldiers returning from the war with bread. It is customary to commemorate those who will never return with bread. And everyone remembers and appreciates bread in their own way. But there is one thing in common for everyone without exception: bread is life.
There is an inextricable link between the attitude towards bread and the moral state of society. Everyone who honestly earns his own bread is respectfully said by the people that he eats his own bread. And, on the contrary, they speak disparagingly of freeloaders living at the expense of others.
Bread that has been obtained as a gift, not earned by labor, spoils a person, because it deprives him of a moral basis. purer soul him, the more conscientious and kinder the person himself is.
The passage, of course, is so-so, but not so complicated. The temptation, again, is that it is on the Web, and in different options, therefore, the children began to write off from anywhere and forgot the text of the presentation that they had originally read.
We are Slavs! Semenova Maria Vasilievna
Bread
Each of us has heard about the need for a respectful, careful attitude to bread. However, the reason for this is usually called one: bread, they say, contains hard human labor. Meanwhile, hard work is invested in every good thing or a food item. Why exactly bread is “the head of everything”? Because in the past there was nothing else to eat? But we have already seen that this is not the case.
The fact is that now just few people remember the deep mythological roots that our views on bread have.
Sown field sign
It has already been said above how the pagan Slavs treated the Earth, in particular, the grain field. I will add that in fine arts ancient cultures, the sown field is depicted with the same sign as female pregnancy. This sign has survived to our times in traditional embroidery patterns on clothes. It already follows from this that bread was for the Slavs a sacred gift of the Gods. It was forbidden, by the way, to hit the table with a fist: the table is God's palm!
Sown field sign: 1 - on a medieval church embroidery, 2 - on a female figurine, 3 - in antique painting, 4 - on an altar for the first fruits, 5 - on a Russian wooden salt shaker
In addition, the same turnip, for example, can be eaten raw, and grain requires heat treatment. It should at least be fried. And in order to cook the simplest porridge, you need to ensure the "union" of Fire, Water and grain - the product of the Earth. All these three essences were Deities for the Slavs, they worshiped all three. Sweet (boiled with honey) porridge seasoned with berries was the oldest pagan ritual food: it carried a powerful idea of fertility, victory over Death, the eternal return of Life. It is appropriate to recall here about Yaril and about the “resurrecting” grain, which only rejoices at its own “funeral”. In the sacred porridge with grain, honey is also combined - one of the symbols of "living water" among the most different peoples, and berries, also associated with the idea of "incalculable" fertility. And all this symbolism was “read” by the ancients as easily as we read this book, immediately grasping the meaning and not thinking about every letter!
Is it any wonder that pagan porridge fits perfectly into Christian rituals and still lives under the name of kutya, which is treated at the wake? Is that instead of honey they now put sugar, instead of wild berries - raisins, and instead of whole wheat - rice ...
Another ancient ritual food from time immemorial among the Slavs was pancakes. Linguists write that the pronunciation of the word "pancake" is distorted: it was once pronounced "mlyn" and comes from the same root as "grind" and "small", thus denoting food from ground grain. Perhaps, initially, flour or finely crushed grain was brewed with boiling water and eaten with spoons, then one day they spilled it on hot stones of the hearth and found that the new food was very tasty. In pancakes, as in porridge-kutya, the same sacred essences are contained, and among other things, a ruddy, round pancake is somewhat similar to the Sun, “dying and resurrecting” every winter. That is why, to this day, pancakes are baked again at the commemoration and also at Maslenitsa, when the victory over the evil Goddess Morana is celebrated - cold, death and darkness, the resurrection of the Sun, Life, Spring is celebrated ...
Having mastered the preparation of cereals and pancakes, ancient ancestors The Slavs, one way or another, went out for bread.
Bread has inherited everything sacred properties, which have just been discussed, but much has been added. We have all seen (and touched) the dough prepared for the pie. If not, let's be curious. It seems completely alive - warm, gentle, breathing. Many books have been written about the beliefs associated with dough and bread; it is impossible to retell them in full here. Here are just a few of the views. Returning home from a funeral, our ancestors tried their first duty to look into the dough bowl so that the sacred power of Life would drive Death beyond the threshold. Before the wedding, the bride was seated on a sourdough covered with a pillow in order to new family lived cheerfully, richly, amicably and having many children. Taking the bread out of the oven, they noticed in which direction the tops of the carpet leaned: if inside the oven - to profit in the house, outside - to ruin and trouble. At weddings, bread baked in the bride’s house was mixed with bread baked in the groom’s house: from now on, two families will be “bread from the same oven” ... The chapter “In One Bread” tells more about the fact that this was not just an allegory. And why the young were showered with grain, I think, is now clear and without a hint.
Oven for baking bread. 10th century
And here's how in ancient england they determined the criminal: they gave the suspect to eat a dry crust of bread. And if he suddenly choked, it means he was to blame. Today we would explain this by the excitement of a criminal who is afraid of being exposed, but in ancient times there was no doubt that the holy bread itself indicates the villain ...
Mentioning England, let's remember two well-known words: “lady” (lady) and “lord” (lord). It turns out that they are directly related to bread. Here's what you can read in explanatory dictionaries in English: "lady" in the original meaning is simply "the one who kneads the dough for bread"; “lord” means “keeper of loaves”. When divorced in ancient England married couple, the husband received from household property all the bread baked by the time of the divorce. And the wife is all the dough that was still in the bowl!
What is a "cow"? Yes, yes, it’s more correct to write this word that way, and not “loaf”, as we are used to. It has already been told how the pagans, when necessary, sacrificed animals, in particular cows and bulls. However, it also happened that it was necessary to propitiate the Gods, and life did not allow parting with the cow-nurse. It was then that they sculpted an image of a cow from dough, and later - bread topped with horns, “cow”. In the first centuries of Russian Orthodoxy, the Christian Church condemned the "prayers", that is, baked with pagan prayers, korovai, which were sacrificed to the Family and Rozhanitsy. Then this struggle subsided, its meaning was long forgotten, but the Korowai remained. There is also our attitude to bread...
Ritual cookies "bridges", "roes", "crosses", "larks", "rich men"
From the book Daily Life of Medieval Monks Western Europe(X-XV centuries) by Moulin LeoBread In the Middle Ages, bread, along with beans, was the main food. Millet porridge, then barley porridge, oatmeal, rye porridge, wheat porridge for the rich (“cream, wheat and rice,” wrote Francois Villon) were common for a long time. Then they began to make biscuits, not much different from
author Chuev Felix IvanovichBread for cattle Tanya, a housekeeper, tells what she has in her homeland, in Tula region, feed cattle with bread. And everyone is trying to take more black bread: “If you take two loaves of black bread, they give you a loaf of white for twenty-five kopecks. They wrote about it in the papers
From the book of Molotov. semi-dominant ruler author Chuev Felix IvanovichBread - What kind of bread, - Malashkin is indignant, - you can’t eat. Mixed with something, what is it? Under Stalin, it was difficult to get bread, but the bread was wonderful! .. He is a big man, and Vyacheslav Mikhailovich is next to him. Sometimes there was not enough bread, there were orders, but bread
From the book Spanish Reports 1931-1939 author Ehrenburg Ilya Grigorievich From the book Demographic History of Europe author Livi Bacci MassimoBread and what's with bread Little is known about the main trends in the nutrition of the European population in the past: with an abundance of episodic and anecdotal material, there is not enough reliable basic information. Therefore, it is difficult to more or less unambiguously establish
From the book of Nero. Lord of the Earthly Hell by Grant MichaelBread and circuses And, Tacitus adds, the people also liked the entertainment provided by the emperor, since this was the second element of the motto "bread and circuses!" – panem et circenses – classic recipe with which the Caesars enjoyed the favor of the population
From the book German Wehrmacht in Russian shackles author Litvinov Alexander MaksimovichDog bread - Son, why did you let Aunt Manya down? - Mom entered the room with a spoiled mood. - Sorrel brought so late ... Why? Didn't he know that the men would come to dinner? - He knew, - Valerik looked down, - and then he forgot ... - But forgot why? - Because. At the market there
From the book of 100 famous symbols of Ukraine author Khoroshevsky Andrey Yurievich From the book Great Lenin. "Forever Alive" author Kisses VladimirThe battle for bread The food crisis that began in 1915 in connection with the general disorder Russian economy due to the war, put the country in front of an economic disaster. The provisional government created the National and local food
From the book Everyday Life of Winners: Life Soviet people in the post-war period (1945-1955) author Korotkova Marina Vladimirovna"Second Bread" Basic Reality Everyday life of that time, trailing from the military era - a constant lack of food, a half-starved existence. The most important thing was missing - bread. The "second bread" was the potato, its consumption doubled, it saved
From the book “How is it carried out in embassy customs ...” author Yuzefovich LeonidBread and salt The solemn dinner, arranged by the sovereign for foreign diplomats, has long been in Rus' as obligatory as a feast in honor of a guest, accepted in private life. “For the sake of the ambassador, there was an honorable feast,” says the epics. In 1566, while negotiating
From the book Cruiser "Emden" author Myukke Hellmuth von6. Our daily bread The most serious issue for us was the supply of coal. The ugly "Markomannia" selflessly followed us from Qingdao to Indian Ocean, but it turned out to be almost empty when the Emden began its operations in these waters. And we had no harbor where we could
From the book Adventures of the High Seas author Cherkashin Nikolai AndreevichRed bread In the autumn of 1941, six crews were delivered to the small Bavarian town of Weissenburg from the interned Soviet ships Khasan, Volgales, Dniester, Magnitogorsk, Elton and Kaganovich. They were placed in the ancient castle of Würzburg, located on the top
authorBREAD Every day when my mother went to work in her scientific institute, Lyonka was waiting for the opening of a stall in which they sold bread on cards. Waiting and thinking about food. Now he was always thinking about her. He remembered how before the war they dined with the whole family in the fifth dining room. The father rubbed his hands and
From the book The Tale of War and Blockade [anthology] author Smirnov-Okhtin Igor IosifovichDANGEROUS BREAD On ice Lake Ladoga cars drove at night. There are several people in each car. Mom explained to Lyonka that cars are front-line radio stations. They go to the front. Lyonka wanted to ask his mother how the radio stations would get to the front if they were going to
From the book We are Slavs! author Semenova Maria VasilievnaBread Each of us has heard about the need for a respectful, careful attitude to bread. However, the reason for this is usually called one: bread, they say, contains hard human labor. Meanwhile, hard work is invested in every good thing or food product.
Lydia Nikolaevna Belaya
Preparation for the exam.
TASK №20. Lexical norms.
Task formulation.
FIPI proposes the following two formulations.
Option No.
I. Exception. excluding superfluous word. Write out this word.In this landscape there was not a single flashy paint, not a single sharp feature in the relief, but its stingy lakes filled with dark and calm water seemed to express main point more water than all the seas and oceans.
Answer: home
Option
№ II. Replacement. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of modern Russian literary language.At the end of X VIIFor centuries, supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young reformer of Russia, Peter the Great.
Answer: suffer
NEED TO KNOW
Task No. 20 checks the meaning of the lexical meaning of the word, the features of lexical compatibility; the ability to prevent speech redundancy and other types of speech errors.
Speech redundancy, or verbosity, -
this is the use of superfluous words, indicating the uncertainty of the author's ideas about the subject.Pleonasm - a turn of speech in which there is a duplication of some element of meaning; the presence of several language forms expressing the same meaning, for example, "the conversation was long and lengthy"Tautology - repetition of the same or similar words in meaning, for example, “clearer than clear”, “cries, bursts into tears”.
style violation
- use of inappropriate this style language tools, violation of the requirements of clarity, accuracy, brevity, richness and expressiveness.Action algorithm.
1. Read the task and determine which of the two types it belongs to - an exception or a replacement.
2. Carefully read the sentence given in the assignment. Find in it a phrase in which, in your opinion, speech redundancy is allowed (if you are asked to exclude an extra word).
3.Remember lexical meaning words included in this phrase.
4. Remove the dependent word and check if the meaning of the sentence is preserved.
5. If you are doing task No. 20 with a replacement, then you need to identify a speech error and replace the incorrectly used word with the correct one.
What is meant by speech error? We list the main ones:
incorrect use of set phrases and confusion of words in phraseological turns:
the use of the word in an unusual sense:
The concert was attended by a famous opera magnate.mixing in one context words of different style and stylistic coloring:
In the description of the hero's experiences, we see a continuous author's chatter and etc.LET'S PRACTICE:
Task number 1. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding superfluous word. Write out this word.
The cold snow was packed into the wrinkles of the bark, and the thick, three-girth trunk seemed to be stitched with silver threads.
Answer:________
Task number 2.
When the cannonade subsided and they finally entered the house, they found a completely dead person on the floor.
Answer:________
Task number 3.
Hide true truth it was useless, and Serpilin did not consider himself entitled to do this
Answer:________
Task number 4.
Now the steppe opened up distant and silent, now low clouds covered with blood, or even people, and the steam engine, and the threshing machine all at once sank into the blackening darkness.
Answer:________
Task number 5.
The newcomer, probably, did not get along well with people: he did not participate in common tea parties, he always worked in silence, without words.
Answer:________
Task number 6.
The hazel tree has almost dusted off, and the birch tree is still shy to turn green, not trusting the warm weather that has come, and the forest is completely transparent, without shadows, as if waking up squinting after sleep.
Answer:________
Task number 7.
They seemed calm and bold; however, at my approach, both bowed their heads and covered themselves with their tattered veils.
Answer:________
Task number 8.
Often works of art are autobiographical. It is known that, while creating the story "Flight to America", Alexander Grin wrote his autobiography.
Answer:________
Task number 9.
The commander was killed to death, and the command was taken over by a young lieutenant who arrived in the unit a week ago.
Answer:________
Task number 10.
The rich luxury of nature did not touch the old man, but on the other hand, Sergei, who was here for the first time, admired a lot.
Answer:________
Task number 11.
Our teachers tried to ensure that the younger generation received not only a comprehensive professional education, - they in every possible way contributed to the fact that we expanded our general cultural horizons, increasing the level of our spiritual and aesthetic needs.
Answer:________
Task number 12.
Everyone in the city treats bread with respect - this is a considerable merit of the management of the oldest enterprise in the city, the local bakery, which is trying to start traditions.
Answer:________
Task number 13.
To try to write a book, you need to do a kind of feat - try to start writing it, and certainly with ink of three colors - the colors of honesty, courage and kindness.
Answer:________
Task number 14.
My only relative on my mother's side, Uncle Misha, could do the most unexpected, even thoughtless act.
Answer:________
Task number 15.
The story of Konstantin Paustovsky "Golden Rose" tells about the hard work of writing; in it the reader will find the author's thoughts about the Russian language, about painting and nature.
Answer:________
INDEPENDENT WORK.
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error,
excluding superfluous word. Write out this word.Task number 1.
The hot heat was already beginning to be felt in the air, and it was so cool in the deaf spruce forest.
Answer:________
Task number 2.
Through the yellowish wet water, a sandy bottom was visible, which went deeper, and the lake water turned black.
Answer:________
Task number 3.
Answer:________
Task number 4.
The girl gave a lot of care to her younger brother, who fell ill with the flu a week ago.
Answer:________
Task number 5.
This topic has been in the arena of the day for a long time, so there will be nothing new here - in Once again old problems and old grievances will come up.
Answer:________
Task number 6.
Two birds do not live in the same lair.
Answer:________
Task number 7.
The cuckoo chick emerges from the egg very small and helpless, but grows quickly and soon overtakes its stepbrothers and sisters.
Answer:________
Task number 8.
In order for the correct arrangement of the main priorities not only to be nice idea, it must be kept on paper or in an electronic notebook
Answer:________
Task number 9.
Good students always do their homework.
Answer:________
Task number 10.
We give priority to this issue.
Answer:________
Task number 11.
At the time of its greatest brightness, Venus shines in the sky as a very large star, which pours a pleasant, calm light on the Earth and gives an inexplicable charm to the evening landscape of the area.
Answer:________
Task number 12.
In his report, the professor summed up the work of the laboratory over the past three years and presented new developments in the field of chemistry.
Answer:________
Task number 13.
per machine milking operator per modern complex 51 cows fall.
Answer:________
Task number 14.
In the region of the south pole of Jupiter, the astronomer noticed a dark spot and at first mistook it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet.
Answer:________
Task number 15.
After graduating from college, he had to leave for Tomsk, since there were no free vacancies for young directors in Moscow theaters.
Answer:________
Task number 2.
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
1. Which of the following sentences is correct HOME information contained in the text?
1. The Sargasso Sea, known since the 5th century AD, was discovered by Christopher Columbus and was named so by the Spanish sailors.
2. During the first trip across the Atlantic, the ships of Christopher Columbus were among such a dense mass of algae that they could hardly move for several days.
3. The Spanish sailors from the Columbus team gave the name to the algae that covers the sea with a continuous carpet.
4. Mentions of the sea, completely covered with a carpet of algae, are found among European geographers since the 5th century AD.
5. Spanish sailors led by Christopher Columbus discovered the Sargasso Sea and gave it a name.
Answer:________________
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
2. Just then
4. Of course
5. Therefore,
Answer:________________
3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word MASS. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number. corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
MASS, -s. and,
1. One of the main physical characteristics of matter, which determines its inert and gravitational properties (special). Mass unit.
2. Pasty, shapeless substance, thick mixture. Wood m. (semi-finished paper for dressing). Molten cast iron m. Syrkovaya m.
3. The totality of something .. as well as sth. large, concentrated in one place. Air masses. Dark m. of the building.
4. unit. whom (what). Many, many, many things. (colloquial). M. people. Waste a lot of energy.
5. pl. broad strata of the working population. The will of the masses Break away from the masses (lose contact with the people).
Answer:________________
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
facilities
inquire
lived
Answer:________________
5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1. DOUBLE code is a form of recording information in the form of ones and zeros.
2. I liked her romantic image - huge Blue eyes and a cute INNOCENT look.
3. The sagging canvas and sometimes lost canvas testified to the venerable age of the painting COLORFUL layer.
4. We lived in an airport hotel room under the UNBEARABLE roar of aircraft turbines.
5. They brought us bread and salt - a NOURISHING, odorous, weighty loaf with a ruddy top crust.
Answer:________________
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
looked MORE Strictly
LET'S TRY TO HELP
don't drive fast
FOUR students
Answer:________________
7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and those allowed in them grammatical errors: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
OFFERS
A) violation of the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
1) When boiling potatoes, dip the tubers into already boiling water.
B) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
2) Fish can be served with kernels walnut baked in the oven.
C) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
3) The last thing I would like to dwell on is the behavior of the participants in the competition.
D) incorrect sentence construction with participle turnover
4) No one alive can say for sure how long beautiful Venice will remain.
E) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
5) Applying iodine to the skin, local irritation occurs, which is accompanied by a rush of blood.
6) Like sailors, millers catch the wind with the help of sails stretched over the wings of the mills.
7) A hundred years later, doubts about the strength of the bridge structure were finally removed.
8) Nicholas never neglected or doubted his brother's support.
9) Due to the long neck, many dinosaurs could get food on high altitude.
Answer:________________
8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter
inc...dent
set fire to ...
op...treatment
ab...regen
Answer:________________
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.
n ... reprimand, pr ... mortar
in...frantic, ra...ghosting
pr ... raised, pr ... imagine
in...anxious, nor...cast
pr ... language, not ... grasping
Answer:________________
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
almond ... vy
key...howl
swing ... walt
hate... l
prolong...
Answer:________________
11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.
adopt ... my
independent...my
fry ... sh
Answer:________________
12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
1. We (NOT) ALWAYS get what we want.
2. The list of books turned out to be far (NOT) COMPLETE.
3. Most of the grass in the meadow is (NOT) MOWED.
4. A new book turned out to be very (UN)SUCCESSFUL.
5. Time is always catastrophically (NOT) ENOUGH.
Answer:________________
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written APART. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
1. The rain (B) MIG stopped, AS (IF) somewhere at the top they closed the tap.
2. IT IS HARD TO hope that the situation will change (IN) DURING the next week.
3. (WHAT) EVERYTHING they tell me, I (SAME) want to see the match with my own eyes.
4. (NOT) LOOKING at numerous warnings, the same (SAME) students violate discipline.
5. (B) CONSEQUENCE of heavy snow the roads were closed, so (B) THE PLACE of the planned trip had to stay at home.
Answer:________________
14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.
Everything was prepared (1) in advance: grease (2) seams of high leather (3) boots, check (4) tents, pack (5) backpacks and hunting equipment.
Answer:________________
15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1. For the holiday, they decorated houses with birch branches with green meadow flowers.
2. Pupils of the military school were thoroughly taught not only mathematics but also dancing.
3. Crocuses and tulips, lilies and chrysanthemums, daffodils and roses were planted in the garden.
4. Figurative images adorn texts and margins of manuscripts and, together with the text, form a colorful and delicate decorative whole.
5. Between the gray patches of clouds, high mountains appeared and disappeared.
Answer:________________
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
He managed to turn on his side (1) with a frantic movement at the same moment pulling his legs to his stomach (2) and (3) turning (4) he saw the face of a woman-car driver completely white with horror and her scarlet bandage rushing at him with uncontrollable force.
Answer:________________
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentences.
Winds (1) winds (2) o (3) snowy winds (4)
Notice my past life.
I want to be a youth of light (5)
Or a flower from the meadow border.
Answer:________________
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
The stairs will remind you (1) that you are human (2) that you should have a sense of dignity (3) and (4) that it is not at all worthy for an adult to run up the stairs.
Answer:________________
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
And the old woman kept talking and talking about her happiness (1) and (2) although her words were familiar (3) but their grandson suddenly had a sweet heartache from them (4) as if he imagined himself in her place (5) and (6) as if everything he heard happened to him.
Answer:________________
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.
Now we have different types of toothbrushes in our hands.
Answer:________________
KEYS. TASK №20.
LET'S PRACTICE:
tasksAnswers
cold
absolutely
true
blackening
wordlessly or silently
waking up or after sleep
lowered
my
to death
rich
raised
observe
commit
commit
is told or said
INDEPENDENT WORK.
Task number 1.
tasksANSWERS
hot
wet
alleged
attention
agenda
bear
soon
major
Always
meaning
terrain
his
account for
unusual
free
Task number 2.
tasksAnswer
exactly then
inquire
binary
more strictly
24857
militia
furious bifurcation
swing
adoptable
unsuccessful
hardly within
12345
1234
124
134
types or models
Careful attitude we are accustomed to explaining bread by the fact that the hard work of many people has been invested in it. The true reason can be found if we consider the beliefs and customs of the ancient Slavs.
In those distant times, crops were divided into male and female. Bread was sown only by men, stripped naked. Grain for sowing was taken out in special bags made from old pants. Thus, the men allegedly entered into a “sacred marriage” with a plowed field. Women were not allowed to attend this sacrament. It was believed that the Earth would be “scared” and would not be able to give birth. In the art of ancient peoples, the sown field was depicted with the same sign as female pregnancy.
To make porridge from grain, the union of three sacred elements was necessary: Water, Fire and grain. Porridge seasoned with berries or honey carried the meaning of victory over Death, the return to Life. Sacred porridge has come down to our times in the form of kutya, which is prepared for Christmas.
Pancakes were another ancient ritual food. Historians say that the name was distorted over time, the Slavs called them "mlyns" from the words "small", "grind" - food from ground grain. The ruddy round pancake symbolized the Sun, which "died and resurrected" every winter. Therefore, it is customary to cook pancakes at the wake and at Maslenitsa, when Winter (Death) leaves and dies, and Spring (Life) is reborn.
So gradually the Slavs came to the preparation of bread. Accordingly, he inherited all the sacred properties of his culinary ancestors.
Our ancestors, returning from the funeral, first of all tried to look into the dishes, where the kvass “fitted”, so that the sacred power of Life would drive Death beyond the threshold.
Before the wedding, the bride was seated on a sourdough covered with a pillow in order to future family lived cheerfully, richly, amicably and having many children.
They guessed from the baked gingerbread: if the tops are tilted inside the oven, then there will be a profit, if outside - to ruin.
In ancient England, the suspect was given a stale crust of bread to eat. If the villain suddenly choked, it means that he is to blame. It was believed that the holy bread itself pointed to the criminal.
Having mentioned England, let's consider the well-known words "lady" and "lord". It turns out that they are directly related to bread. In the explanatory dictionaries of the English language, the word "lady" means "the one who kneads the bread", and the word "lord" - "the keeper of the loaves." When a married couple divorced in ancient England, the husband got all the bread that was baked at the time of the divorce from the household goods, and the wife got all the dough that was still in the kneader!
Do you know where the modern loaf came from?
From history, we know that ancient people on various occasions brought sacrifices to the gods in the form of domestic animals. Mostly they were bulls or cows. What to do if you urgently need to propitiate the gods, and poverty does not allow you to part with the only cow-breadwinner? In this case, they baked bread in the form of a cow, and later just bread with horns. It was called "cow".
All major events life was accompanied by the baking of special bread products: pies, cookies, gingerbread, "cones".
Ancient rites and customs have long gone from our lives, and respectful attitude left for bread!
GBS (K) EI RM "Krasnoslobodskaya correctional school - boarding school of the VIII type."
CONVERSATION:
"Careful attitude to bread"
PERFORMED:
20.02.2015
2014 -2015 academic year year.
Conversation: "Careful attitude to bread."
Objectives: To instill in children a careful attitude to bread; tell the children the history of the origin of bread; show the importance of bread in human life.
The course of the conversation
We meet with him every day. Without it, neither a modest breakfast, nor a weekday lunch, nor festive table. He accompanies us from birth to old age - our good friend, whose name is pronounced with love and warmth by people in all languages.
Bread is always considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity. This food product is the most reliable means of protecting people from hunger.
How did bread appear on earth? This discovery is over 15 thousand years old. A long time ago, people ate just raw grains, then learned to grind them between stones and mix them with water. The very first bread was in the form of liquid porridge.
When people learned how to make fire, they began to roast crushed grains with water.
In ancient times, bread was very revered, it was considered a separate dish.
In the Middle Ages, in many European countries only members of the royal family could eat freshly baked bread, yesterday’s bread was intended for the king’s environment (high society), bread baked two days ago was eaten by landowners and nobles, bread three days ago served as food for monks and schoolchildren, and bread baked four days ago was fed peasants and small artisans.
In Rus', baking bread was considered a responsible and honorable affair. They baked bread with honey, poppy seeds, cottage cheese, carpets, pies, saiki, kalachi. Bakers were subdivided into bakers, kalachniks, pie-makers, gingerbread-makers, pancake-makers.
The people spoke of bread as a living being: bread-breadwinner, bread-father. Just like bread, from time immemorial people have treated the work of those who created it. In Rus', bakers enjoyed special respect, they were never called Ivashka, Fedka, Petrushka - they called them respectfully, full names Ivan, Fedor, Peter. Bread was highly valued in Rus'. Respected people who grow and harvest bread.
At all times, bread has been and remains a product that can feed a person in the darkest time of life.
In one of his poems, Vladimir Soloukhin recalls:
I remember that minute
From a mischievous childhood.
Suddenly it became boring in the mouth
From bread, from rye,
And I threw a piece to the ground
Stealthily from grandfather
And I stepped on a piece
Barefoot dirty heel.
And trampled ... And the whole as it was
I buried my nose in the dust.
And before my grandfather did not beat me!
There is only one word equivalent to the word "bread" - the word "life".
The museum of the history of Leningrad has a piece of moldy bread - 125 grams - a daily ration for the inhabitants of the besieged city. This is holy blockade bread.
During the war years, a collection of the country's seed fund was kept in Leningrad. People starved, but saved the best varieties of grains for future generations.
“There lived a girl named Inge. She was pretty, but proud and cruel. One day the mother baked bread and said: “Daughter, take this bread to our grandmother.” Inge put on her best dress and elegant shoes and set off.
The road passed through a swamp. Inge felt sorry for her smart shoes. She threw the bread into the mud and stepped on it to cross the puddle. But as soon as Inge stepped on the bread, the bread, together with her, began to rapidly sink into the swamp. And Inge ended up in a fetid dungeon with a poisonous old swamp woman. The evil swamp turned the girl into an idol. Her arms and legs were petrified, fat spiders entwined her with their cobwebs.
The shepherds saw what happened in the swamp and soon heard the story of the girl who stepped on the bread everywhere.
Once a hot tear fell on the head of the petrified Inge. It was her mother crying. “What is the use of my mother now whining about me,” thought Inge, and her soul from these thoughts became even rougher.
This story was heard by a little girl. “Poor, poor Inge! - she cried, - how I would like Inge to ask for forgiveness, and she was allowed to return to earth. These words reached the very heart of Inge. And she burst into tears of remorse.
At the same moment, a ray of light penetrated the fetid dungeon, and Inge, a small bird, flew out into the wild. She returned to parental home. Inge and her mother are happy again because the girl has learned to appreciate bread.”
Guys, never forget what happened to the girl who stepped on the bread!
Now we have an abundance of bread and grain products in our country. And we can often see a piece of bread thrown on the ground, half-eaten loaves, loaves in garbage cans, carefree schoolchildren throwing buns or crusts of bread left over from dinner at each other.
At all times, disrespect for bread has been equated with the most terrible insult that a person can inflict.
He was compared with gold, with the sun, with life itself. It is not for nothing that among many peoples in ancient times bread, like the sun and gold, was designated by one symbol - a circle with a dot in the middle.
Bread was cherished, hymns were composed in honor of bread, guests were greeted with bread and salt.
Bread is practically the only product that does not lose its attractiveness, retains the ability to remain a useful and most necessary product.
If the bread becomes stale, it will still be able to serve people in good service.
Never throw away stale bread. And today, in many families where they know how to take care of bread, where they know its true price, housewives can cook a dish based on stale bread.
Mystery:
Guess easily and quickly:
Soft, fluffy and fragrant,
He is black, he is white
And it gets burned. (Bread)
It is on our table every day. Neither breakfast nor lunch is complete without it. He accompanies us throughout our lives. He is ours true friend, the name that we pronounce with love and warmth. His name is bread. Bread is a symbol of well-being, prosperity. Bread on the table is wealth in the house. And how often do we think, when we take bread in our hands, how old is bread?
1.Scientists believe over 15 thousand. True, they stipulate that bread in those ancient times did not much resemble the current one. They were dense fried pieces of grain mass.
IN ancient egypt 5-6 thousand years ago there was a kind of rebirth of bread. There they learned how to loosen the dough, using the fermentation method, using the miraculous power of microscopic organisms - baker's yeast and lactic acid bacteria. The art of making “sour bread” passed from the Egyptians to the Greeks. Loose wheat bread was considered a great delicacy, and in Ancient Rome. Quite large bakeries appeared there, in which masters baked many varieties of bread.
In Rus', they owned the secret of cooking yeast dough from time immemorial. Bakeries were once called huts. But they baked bread in almost every house. Only a few centuries ago, the specialization of bread craftsmen emerged. Bread-makers, pie-makers, gingerbread-makers, crepe-makers, sitniks, kalachniks appeared. With the growth of the well-being of the country's population, the share of consumption of bread itself falls slightly, but, nevertheless, it is still the main product on the table of the worker, peasant, on the soldier's table. Over time, there are more and more dishes using flour.
2. Many rituals are associated with bread. It was customary for the Eastern and Western Slavs to put bread in front of the icons, as if testifying to their loyalty to God. They took bread with them when they went to woo; with bread and salt they met the guest, the young on their return from the church after the wedding; bread was brought along with the dowry of the bride. Bread was often used as a talisman: they put it in the cradle of a newborn; they took with them on the road, so that he guarded on the way. A loaf of bread and each of its pieces, especially the first one, or a crumb, embodied a person's share; it was believed that his strength, health and luck depended on the treatment of them. It was not allowed for one person to eat bread after another - you will take away his happiness and strength. You can’t eat behind another person’s back - you will also eat his strength. If you give bread from the table to the dogs while eating, poverty will befall.
How many people are involved in making bread appear on our table?
What professions can you name that are related to growing and making bread?
^ Contest "Think!"
Artist, combine operator, doctor, baker, tractor driver, driver, seamstress, pharmacist, teacher, miller, agronomist, seller, breeder.
Choose only those professions that are related to the production of bread.
From grain to loaf.
From time immemorial, bread has not been a simple food. He was a measure not only of public welfare, but also of human conscience. Friends were greeted with bread and salt. They fought the enemy to the death for bread. Bread, as the name of the mother, they swore. Bread was a product that evoked a special, one might say, holy feeling. Hundreds of people gave their lives for the bread that was needed by the starving children of Moscow, Leningrad, the Volga region during the war and revolution.
1941-1945 War. Let us recall the besieged city of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. Many children died. The museum of the history of St. Petersburg keeps a piece of moldy bread the size of a little finger. 125 grams per day. 80% cake, grass, wood shavings, a little bran and only 20% flour - that's what the Leningrad besieged bread was like. Such was the daily ration for the inhabitants of the city during the winter months of the blockade. And people had to live, work, they had to survive in spite of the enemy, in spite of the bombing and shelling.
In the years of hardship and deprivation
New world man and crepe
The people walked in the fire of battles
For freedom and bread.
Bread of War. He is involved in great work, the tears of mothers, the bread that forged Victory. Bread has another name that not every schoolchild knows now. Bread in Rus' was called zhito. The etymological dictionary indicates that it is formed from the word zhiti (to live) with the help of the suffix - that.
It is no coincidence that the word bread is included in many proverbs and sayings.
^ Contest "Collect Proverbs"
Bread is a father, water is a mother.
Lunch is thin when there is no bread.
Not a piece of bread, and longing in the upper room.
The chamber is white, and without bread there is trouble in it.
^ This is interesting.
Bread record holders.
The longest braided bun - 9.2 meters - was baked in the city of Acapulco (Mexico) in 1996. And the largest loaf of bread was made in 1988 in Johannesburg (South Africa). Its length was three meters, width and height - more than a meter, and the Giant Loaf weighed one ton and 430 kilograms!
^ Bread King.
The French king Henry IV added one more title to all his titles: "king of bread". To provide the nation with bread is an even more responsible matter than to rule one's subjects, the monarch rightly believed.
^ Bread - against the common cold.
During the colonial wars, there was a widespread belief among English soldiers that a runny nose could be cured by sniffing a loaf of freshly baked bread. Curiously, in the ancient world healing properties attributed only to stale bread.
^ Significant gift
Gingerbread was a favorite bread delicacy in Rus'. In the old days, they were given for name days, brought to the bride in the form of a wedding gift, regaled dear guests, fed the children. Festive gingerbread sometimes weighed about a pood (more than 16 kg)
^ Popular supplement.
In a lifetime, a person eats a total of 15 tons of bread! Moreover, most of it is consumed not separately, but along with other food products.
^ Take care of the bread!
The poet Grigory Lyushnin, after being released from the concentration camp, where he was held captive, was carried out in his arms. An adult man weighed only 26 kg. This, guys, is the weight of a 6-7 year old child. In the camp, he wrote a poem that talks about how to take care of bread and feel sorry for even a bread crumb:
A crumb of bread fell to the ground
There was less bread for crumbs.
Somewhere in our unharvested field
So many grains lie on arable land.
That would be to collect them together - yes in a bunch!
Bread would be baked white, odorous!
We would get stronger and become strong,
We would break the prison walls
Again they would go into battle under the bombing.
Yes, you have to feel sorry for the bread crumb!
This is how bread was treated during the war. Unfortunately, in our time, not all people know and understand what the price of bread is. Not cash!
Do you think there is light bread?
Now you will watch an excerpt from the Belarusian fairy tale "Easy Bread" and answer the question: what does "light bread" mean? Do people respect the one who wants to eat light bread?
^ Walking on the ground is not an easy science,
The earth does not feed the negligent and stupid.
You help her with patient work:
Bread will become cheerful from warm care.
Light bread has neither color nor taste,
He will turn you into a lazy and a coward.
And you will break your forehead, you will pick up cuffs,
Or maybe you lose yourself.
Hard work will always make you smarter
It is not in vain that they say: you will reap,
what you sow.
- Very often you can see this picture on our streets:
Bulka
Three boys down the alley
Like playing football
There - here they drove a bun
And they scored a goal with it.
An unfamiliar uncle walked by,
Stopped and sighed
And, almost without looking at the guys,
He extended his hand to that bun.
Then, frowning angrily,
He blew the dust off her for a long time
And suddenly calmly and openly
Kissed her in front of everyone.
- Who are you? the children asked
Forget about football for a while.
- I'm a baker! the man replied
And with a bun, he slowly left.
And that word smelled like bread
And that special warmth
Which are poured under the sky
Seas of golden wheat. (S. Mikhalkov)
How do you evaluate the act of these boys?
Do you think the boys listened to the words of the baker and realized their mistake?
And in ancient Rome, an attempt on the life of a baker was punishable by death. The profession of a baker is the oldest on Earth. The baker who knew how to make bread with yeast was especially appreciated. This kind of bread was very expensive. Only very rich people could afford to buy it.
What should you do if you haven't eaten a piece of bread?
1. Don't play with bread.
2. Give the rest of the bread to the birds.
And also, guys, you can cook a lot of delicious dishes from stale bread.
1. On earth without bread
The strong cannot live.
Do not rise to the sky
Don't sail on the sea.
2. We live by this bread,
We sing the glory of bread
Glory to bread, glory to the grain grower,
Glory to the people and all the people.
3.Like the land owner
Hold the bread in your hands.
Every crumb of bread
cherish more.
With these words, I would like to end our conversation about bread.
