home › Crash Test Auto › How to find a stressed vowel. Stressed and unstressed vowels

How to find a stressed vowel. Stressed and unstressed vowels

Repetition

To remember the topics already covered in the Russian language, we will solve a crossword puzzle. To do this, we will write down the words vertically in empty cells, guessing them by meaning.

Rice. 1. Crossword

I hear sounds, but will I hear letters?
Highlighting a syllable in a word by the power of the voice or by raising the tone.
The sounds that form a syllable.
Icons for recording sounds.
We write and read letters, but we pronounce and hear ...?
The smallest pronunciation unit.
A collection of words arranged in alphabetical order, with explanations, references, interpretations, translation into other languages.

Let's check ourselves.

Rice. 2. Completed crossword with a code word

In the selected cells horizontally, we got the word RULE.

Again, speech is made up of sounds. Sounds are vowels and consonants. They help each other. Vowels connect consonants into syllables. Words are built from syllables, like bricks. In each word, one brick is the most important. This is a stressed syllable. If the stress is incorrectly placed, the word is difficult to understand.

Stressed and unstressed vowels

Let's complete the task: look at the photo and name what is shown on them.

Rice. 3()

Flowers, pine, balls. Let's put the stress in the words and show the vowels that ended up in an unstressed position, emphasizing them. Flowers you, from sleep, ball chi. Let's read these words not by syllables, but quickly. It is noticeable that unstressed vowels were pronounced less distinctly.

Stressed vowels - stressed vowels - are in strong position. Vowels without stress, they are called unstressed, - in weak position . Letters that represent sounds in weak positions are called orthograms. spelling - (from the Greek orthos - correct and gramma - letter) - spelling words according to some spelling rules.

Spelling - (from Greek word: “orthos” - correct, and “grapho” - “write”) - the rules of written speech (i.e., spelling words). In Russian they say "spelling".

Pronunciation of unstressed vowels

Let's look at the words:

mushrooms, flowers- I hear And what to write? And or E?

water, grass- I hear A, what to write? A or O?

balls, rows- I hear an obscure sound And what to write? I? E? AND?

The conclusion is that in an unstressed position we do not hear a clear sound and we can make a mistake when writing.

In modern Russian, there is a law - in unstressed syllables, the sound O is not pronounced. Sound A works instead of it. And it will return to its place only when it becomes percussive. This is how sounds work. Compare : sea - seas, table - tables, elephant - elephants. Other vowel sounds behave in the same way: in unstressed syllables, each of them is replaced by some other.

In unstressed syllables, there is no vowel sound E. Say the word floors. It is not pronounced the way it is spelled. It is not difficult to notice that the sound U in words is not dangerous, it is well and clearly pronounced even in an unstressed position.

For competent writing, it is very important to learn how to identify unstressed vowels by ear without errors in order to anticipate the place in a word where you can make a mistake. Sometimes they say - to find an erroneously dangerous place in a word. Let's write down the suggestions.

The squirrel was on a bitch. We hear unstressed sounds clearly and understand all the words.

Children play with a ball. It is not clear what children are playing with: a ball or a sword.

Checking an unstressed vowel

To understand written speech, it is important to learn how to write words without errors. There is a law in Russian: to check a weak position with a strong one.

Read the sentences and find clues in them.

Have a cat - k? tyata. Cat - Oh, so kittens are also Oh.

The tiger has gryata. Tiger - And, so the cubs are also I.

Here is an elephant. He has sl? nyata. Elephant - Oh, so baby elephants are also Oh.

Remember the rule: to check the spelling of a weak position, you need to change the word. How to do it?

Step 1: Say the word being tested.

Does it have vowels in unstressed syllables?

If there is, what are they?

Step 2: Choose a test word, change the word so that the sound being tested is under stress.

Step 3: Write the vowel according to the sound you hear under stress.

Step 4: Check what is written, read the word syllable by syllable.

Now we are going to the zoo. All animals are listed here so visitors know who they are considering. Here are different birds. Let's sign their names.

This owl. Percussive sound A. How to write without error - owl or sava ? How will we act? Let's pick a test word, change the word owl on With O You, Now stressed Oh, so let's write owl. We proceed in the same way.

Rice. 11. Crane ()

Crossbills? Thrushes? Cranes? Rooks?

How to deal with words sparrow, nightingale, crow, magpie?

Using a spelling dictionary

Worth taking advantage spelling dictionary , which can be used to check spelling.

Rice. 17. Spelling dictionary ()

You just need to know the secrets of the dictionary and memorize the alphabet well. Very often, short spelling dictionaries can be found at the end of Russian textbooks. If you don’t have a dictionary at hand, ask adults, the teacher, for spelling. Remember, the main thing is not to write with an error. It is better to leave room for the letter by marking it with a dot and enter the letter when there is no doubt at all.

Let's make a conclusion. The position of an unstressed vowel in a word is a danger that requires proof. Unstressed vowels cannot be trusted. Today at the lesson we learned how to check them different ways: by a strong position, i.e. by selecting a test word, and by a dictionary if there is no test word. Remember this:

unstressed vowel sound
Causes a lot of pain.
For there to be no doubt
We put the sound under stress. Or check with a spelling dictionary.).

Tutrus.com().

Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M .: Astrel, 2011. Pp. 26, ex. 2; Page 28, ex. 3.
Arrange a word. What letter will you put in? Fur hat - what kind of hat? (m.hovaya- E). Here is a garden, what kind of strawberries grow there? ( garden- A). Here is the forest, what kind of strawberries are there? ( forest- E).
Read the words with unstressed vowels. Pick up test words, name the vowel: word, star, back, sh.ry, b.ly, central kidney. (sl.va - word- Oh, the stars are the stars- E, sh.ry - ball- Ah, b.ly - pain- Oh, c.kidney - chain- E.)
* Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, make 5 sentences with missing unstressed vowels in words, explain the spelling.

Sounds are vowels and consonants. They help each other. Vowels connect consonants into syllables. Words are built from syllables, like bricks. In each word, one brick is the most important. This is a stressed syllable. If the stress is incorrectly placed, the word is difficult to understand.

Stressed and unstressed vowels

Spelling - (from the Greek word: “orthos” - correct, and “grapho” - “write”) - the rules of written speech (i.e., spelling words). In Russian they say "spelling".

Pronunciation of unstressed vowels

Let's look at the words:

mushrooms, flowers- I hear And what to write? And or E?

water, grass- I hear A, what to write? A or O?

balls, rows- I hear an obscure sound And what to write? I? E? AND?

The conclusion is that in an unstressed position we do not hear a clear sound and we can make a mistake when writing.

For competent writing, it is very important to learn how to identify unstressed vowels by ear without errors in order to anticipate the place in a word where you can make a mistake.

The squirrel was on a bitch. We hear unstressed sounds clearly and understand all the words.

Children play with a ball. It is not clear what children are playing with: a ball or a sword.

Checking an unstressed vowel

To understand written speech, it is important to learn how to write words without errors. There is a law in Russian: to check a weak position with a strong one.

Read the sentences and find clues in them.

Have a cat - k? tyata. Cat - Oh, so kittens are also Oh.

The tiger has gryata. Tiger - And, so the cubs are also I.

Here is an elephant. He has sl? nyata. Elephant - Oh, so baby elephants are also Oh.

Remember the rule: to check the spelling of a weak position, you need to change the word. How to do it?

1 step:Say the word being tested.

Does it have vowels in unstressed syllables?

If there is, what are they?

2 step:Choose a test word, change the word so that the sound being tested is under stress.

3 step:Write the vowel according to the sound you hear under the stress.

Step 4: Check what is written, read the word syllable by syllable.

Using a spelling dictionary

Worth taking advantage spelling dictionary , which can be used to check spelling.

Let's make a conclusion. The position of an unstressed vowel in a word is a danger that requires proof. Unstressed vowels cannot be trusted. Today in the lesson we learned how to check them in different ways: by a strong position, that is, by choosing a test word, and by using a dictionary if there is no test word. Remember this:

unstressed vowel sound

Causes a lot of pain.

For there to be no doubt

We put the sound under stress.

Or check with a spelling dictionary.

If you liked it, share it with your friends:

Join us atFacebook!

See also:

Preparation for exams in Russian:

Essentials from theory:

We offer online tests:

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Class 1

UMC program "Perspective", L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeev. Russian language. Textbook. 1 class.

Lesson objectives:

Observe the discrepancy between the pronunciation and spelling of the word;
Develop the ability to check an unstressed vowel sound by transferring it to a stressed position when changing the form of a word
Create conditions for practicing the skill of conscious writing of checked unstressed vowels in a word;
To promote the development of mental activity of students;
Cultivate a communication culture.

Educational technologies: cooperation technology

Lesson form: dialogue lesson

Lesson equipment: CD Russian language. 1 class. Electronic supplement to the textbook L.F. Klimanova, S.G. Makeeva, electronic presentation, magnetic board, pictures for the work "Dictionary words", strips for pair and multi-level work, cards for reflection, music for work, music. physical education minute.

Learning objectives aimed at achieving personal results:

development of motives learning activities;
the formation of the ability to evaluate their work;
formation respectful attitude to a different opinion;
development of cooperation skills with adults and peers.

Learning objectives aimed at achieving meta-subject results:

developing the ability to connect theoretical material With practical activities;
development of thinking operations: comparison, comparison, generalization, classification.
development of the ability to competently build speech statements, navigate in a textbook, analyze;
formation of the ability to listen and hear the interlocutor, to explain and prove one's opinion.

Learning objectives aimed at achieving subject results:

formation of the ability to select test words, write two-syllable words with an unstressed vowel;
development of skills to compare sound schemes of words with letter spelling;
Improving the ability to recognize test and test words.

During the classes

1) Organizational moment.

Stand up straight and show how well we have learned to work.

Questions (answers in unison) Presentation. slide 2

Are you ready to discover the secrets of Russian writing?
Mind and ingenuity did not forget to take?
Are you trying to understand everything?
Will you write well?

Well, I wish you good luck! Get to work! Sit down.

2) Actualization of old knowledge.

(Two people go to the board to complete the task:

Task 1: Write a transcription for these words: pencil case, store, magpie, glass, birch.
Task 2: Compose a sound scheme for the proverb: Without work and rest is not sweet.

I. Vocabulary dictation "Guess the riddle"

A) - Take notebooks, write down the number April 22. Let's check how we can write dictionary words. And our guys will help us to conduct a vocabulary dictation.

PresentationSlides 3-8

The teacher reads the riddle, the student guesses.

Then I'm in a cage
That's in a line.
Write on them
Get it right!
You can also draw...
What is me?
(notebook)

He draws and draws
And tonight
He will color my album
(pencil)

Itself motley, eats green, gives white.
(cow)

If it weren't for him,
Wouldn't say anything.
(language)

Grows in summer, falls off in autumn.
(leaf)

b) Verification(guys - guess the riddle, write down the answer with commentary, the teacher attaches this word on the board.). Explain the spelling of words (Spelling reading, stress, spelling).

P. Self-determination to activity

Thanks guys. Pay attention to spelling in words. Which of you saw the extra word? (leaf). Why? (all words are written with an unchecked vowel, and in this word the vowel is checked). How did you know which vowel to write in this word?

(We picked up a test word - a sheet). Why this particular word? ( This is a word with the same meaning and the stress falls on the unstressed vowel, the vowel AND pronounced clearly, meaning in a word sheet also need to write)

What do you think we will learn in class?

(We will learn to find stressed and unstressed vowel sounds; observe the discrepancy between pronunciation and spelling of a word; learn to check an unstressed vowel sound and write the desired vowel)

PresentationSlide 9

Topic: Stressed and unstressed vowels. Designating them with letters.

Consider these words again carefully and name the vowels that we doubt the spelling of when they are not stressed. (a.o.e, i, i)

PresentationSlide 10

2. Calligraphy

Let's write these vowels.

Sh. Checking the material covered

Now let's check our guys.

Student 1) Is his transcription correct for these words?

Does the pronunciation of words always match their spelling? (The pronunciation does not always match the spelling.)

How can we be? How do you know which vowel to write?

What conclusion do we draw? ( Words come with checked and unchecked vowels. Words with unchecked vowels must be memorized in spelling. And for words with checked vowels, select words in which the vowel should be stressed).

Presentationslide 11

Vowels and consonants
There are some dangerous ones:
The sound is very clear
And another letter is written.

2. Vocabulary work

What healthy drink does a cow give us? (milk)

What is the word - verifiable or not? ( No, its spelling must be memorized)

Vocabulary slide.

Task 1. Writing and memorizing a word.

Task 2.

2) Checking at the board Student 2: How do you understand this proverb? Check the sound scheme.

What vowels indicate the softness of the preceding consonant? (e, e, yu, i, and)

Hardness (u, uh, o, a, s)

A real student should be able to write correctly, as well as be able to work together and harmoniously.

Sh. Work on the topic of the lesson

Let's summarize our work with testable and untestable words.

Slide with Samovarov

Listening to the disc (explaining the material)

Let's let's listen what Professor Samovarov will tell us (listen to the recording, with stops)

Interval 1 Explanation about sounds

What did the professor say? (... you need to be careful, you need to check the unstressed sound)

Interval 2 Explanation l-sa l-sa

It turns out that in order to write the words correctly, you need to change them!

How should the word be changed? (so that the stress falls on the unstressed vowel)

What will we do with words for this? (we will change them so that the unstressed vowel becomes stressed)

Interval 3 Specification. Disk exercise:

Samovarov's question - stop recording

sl-us - elephant (write on a piece of paper, parse together)

On record: - Let's check what Samovarov will say.

Well done, did the job, clap each other.

1V. Physical education minute. (Music turns on)

Guys come out with cards on which the letters are written: A, O, I, E, Z

Some guys have cards with a test word on their desks. And other guys have words with a missing vowel on their desks. The teacher calls the word, the student comes out with this word, the student should come up to him with the vowel that is missing in this word, and then the child comes out with a card on which the test word is written.

(Gl...behind - eye, gn...zdo - nests, h...lma - hill, r...dy - row, bl...us - pancake)

2. Presentation Slide 12

Unstressed tricky vowel
We hear him very well.
What is the letter in the letter?
Science will help us here:
The vowel is under stress
To dispel all doubts.

3. Work on leaves(Music turns on) (And Samovarov will look at how we complete the task) (Appendix 1)

Card 1 (Pair work)

Exercise: Point out the words , in which the spelling of the selected letters does not need to be checked.

St e cha, vr A chi, gr O knowing, l And stick, r O myself I h, s O sleep.

Card 2. Independent individual work(red stripes).

Exercise: Insert the missing letter in the words A or ABOUT:

Cabinets ... s, g ... ra, gr ... for, gr ... chi, in ... lna, page ... on.

Card 3. Independent individual work (green stripes).

Exercise: Find the test word for the word with the missing vowel and underline it, insert the missing vowel:

Animal ... ryny - (menagerie, animals)
Sn ... govik - (snow, snow, snow maiden)
In ... dyanoy - (water, water, water)
L ... juice - (forest, forester, forest, wooded)

Disk Check

Self-esteem:

"green card" - everything is correct
"yellow card" - there were mistakes
"red card" - disagree

4. Musical physical education

5. Independent work according to the textbook: 1 in - Ex. 145, p. 78

Independent work on creative notebooks: 2 in - Ex. 1, from 39

v. Reflection.

Presentation Slide on board 13:

A) - So, continue the phrase.

Today I found out...
I filled…
I understand…
I like it…
I was surprised...
I wanted…

B) And now show the desired card icon (on the slide screen)

V1. Summary of the lesson. Presentation Slide 14

Presentation Slide 15: In workbooks, you can perform on pages 39-42 to consolidate the material covered:

a) Who had red stripes - Ex. 3

B) Who had green stripes - Ex. 2

C) Who worked in pairs - Ex. 7

Presentation slide 16.

Literature.

Gavrikova L.V. Russian language lesson on the topic "Stressed and unstressed vowels in a word" using ICT (2nd grade). – URL:

The formation of vowels, their difference from consonants, weak and strong positions of vowels, stressed and unstressed vowels and their designation by letters, syllable formation, orthograms-vowels.

There are 10 vowels in Russian 10: AND I, O-Yo, O-Yu, Y-I, Uh and everything
6 vowels : [A], [O], [U], [S], [E], [I ] .

When pronouncing vowels, the exhaled air freely exits through the larynx and oral cavity between the vocal cords and does not encounter obstacles. Vowels are made up of voices total absence noise.

Consonants differ from vowels in that when consonants are formed, air encounters an obstacle in the oral cavity, creating noise. Consonants consist of voice and noise (voiced) or only noise (voiceless).

If the word consists of several syllables, one of them sounds with more force, more clearly than the others. Such is called stressed, and the pronunciation of a syllable with greater force and duration is accent.
The vowel sound of the stressed syllable - percussive sound, vowels of unstressed syllables - unstressed vowels.

Stress position - strong position for vowels. Here the vowels are pronounced distinctly. There are 6 basic vowel sounds that stand out under stress: [A], [O], [U], [S], [E], [I].

stressed vowel sounds and the letters they represent.

Sound	Letters	Example
[A]	A	excitement [excitement]
[A]	I	crumpled [m'al]
[O]	O	nose [nose]
[O]	yo	carried [n'os]
[y]	at	tour [tour]
[y]	Yu	bale [t'uk], parachute [parachute]
[And]	And	type [t'ip]
[s]	s	soap [soap]
[s]	and after w, w, c	lived [lived] awl [awl] circus [circus]
[e]	uh	mayor [mayor]
[e]	e	forest [l'es]

Position of vowels in unstressed position - weak position.
In unstressed syllables, vowels are pronounced differently than stressed ones, weakened, more briefly. The sound is modified and may not correspond to the letter that is used when writing the word, so unstressed vowels are.
Less vowel sounds are distinguished without stress than under stress - only 4 vowels unstressed sound: [A], [U], [S], [I] .

The quality of an unstressed vowel depends on the hardness or softness of the preceding consonant. The same unstressed vowel sound can be indicated by different letters in the letter.

In an unstressed position, the sounds [o], [e] and denoted by the letter cannot be pronounced I sound [a] after soft consonants. The letter o denotes the sound [a] in an unstressed syllable, the letters e, e and i - in unstressed syllables the sound between [i] and [e].

Unstressed vowel sounds[a], [y]. [and], [s] and the letters they denote

sound	letters	Condition	Example
[A]	A	at the beginning of a phonetic word, after firm acc.	artist [artist]; cow [kaROVA]; shocked [shak'irawan]
	I	after paired soft, after [th']	excitement [excitement]
	O	after hard, at the beginning of a phonetic word	volumes [tama]; shocked [shak'irawan]; window [window]
[y]	at	at the beginning of a word after hard and soft ([h '], [u '])	lesson [lesson]; arc [arc]; make noise [shum'et']; miracles [ch'ud'esa]
[y]	Yu	after paired soft, unpaired hard, after [th']	loves [l'ub'it], jury [zhur'i] ([zhur'i]), huddle [y'ut'itsa]
[s]	s	after firm acc. (except w,w), after c	wash [washed out'], gypsy [gypsy]
	e	after firm acc.	T e wash [t s erase’], and e fly [w s lt’et’], sixth [sixth']
	A	after hard hissing and c	losh A dey [lash s d'ey']
	And	after hard hissing and c	and And here [well s Here], bump [bump] circus [circus]
	O	after hard hissing and c	chocolate [shikalat], Tsokotuha [tsikatuha]
[And]	And	at the beginning of the background word, after soft consonants	game [game], pie[p'irok]
	uh	at the beginning of the background word	floor [Itash]
	A	after soft consonants	hours [hours]
	e		lie down [l'zhat']
	I		ranks [r'ids]

A, O, U, S, E - letters that represent one sound; consonants before these letters (except always soft [h ’], [u ’]) are read firmly: lama [lama], bark [kara], bud [ b uton], life [life]; But, [ h' A sch' a], hours [ ch'iWith s].
I, Yo, Yu, I, E - letters that indicate the softness of the previous consonant (except for always hard [w], [w], [c]): mile [ m'il'a], turn [ th'orn], loving [l ‘ ub 'A], lazy [l ‘ eneif]; BUT, bump [bump], yellow [zholtye], circus [ c yrk].
Letters I, Yo, Yu, E - iotated. They can represent one or two sounds:
- If these letters are after consonants, then they indicate the softness of the previous consonant (except for [g], [w], [c]) and give one vowel : m cell[m 'A h], turn [t 'O pH], tulle [t ‘at l '], foam [n ‘ uh on the].
- These letters are consonants [th'] and the corresponding vowel ( i - [y'a], yo - [y'o], yu - [y'u], e - [y'e]) if they cost
  - at the beginning of the word: poison [y’at], hedgehog [ yo w], cabin boy [y’ung], huntsman [ye ‘ger’];
  - after vowels: militant [by'ev'ik], clown [pay'atz];
  - after the separation Kommersant And b signs: volume [aby’om], monkey [ab’iz’y’ana], congress [s y'e st].
- [th'] - consonant, always voiced, always soft sound.
- In transcription (in the designation of sounds) letters I, Yo, Yu, E are not used. The sounds [e], [e], [yu], [i] do not exist.
Letter AND after b denotes two sounds: whose [h ' y'i], foxes [foxes’ y'i]

Orthograms - vowels:

unstressed vowels in the root:
- checked by stress;
- alternating;
- unverifiable (dictionary);
- vowels And And s at the beginning of the root after to consonants.
Vowels in prefixes:
- in consoles pre - And at — ;
- in other fixtures.
Vowels (not after hissing) in suffixes of different parts of speech:
- nouns;
- adjectives;
- conjugated forms of the verb;
- participles.
Vowels at the end of words:
- in nouns and numerals;
- in adjectives, numerals and participles;
- in verbs.
- in the roots;
- in suffixes and endings:
  - under stress;
  - without an accent.
Vowels after hissing, s and after ts in different parts of the word:
- in the roots;
- in suffixes and endings:
  - under stress;
  - without an accent.

References:

Babaitseva V.V. Russian language. Theory. 5 - 9 grade: textbook for in-depth. study Russian language. / V.V. Babaitsev. - 6th ed., revised. - M. Bustard, 2008
Kazbek-Kazieva M.M. Preparation for Olympiads in the Russian language. 5-11 grades / M.M. Kazbek-Kazieva. - 4th ed. – M.J. Iris-press, 2010
Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language. A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. - Moscow State University, Moscow, 2000, ISBN 5-211-05119-x
Svetlysheva V.N. Handbook for high school students and university applicants / V.N. Svetlysheva. — M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2011

1. What determines the pronunciation of vowel sounds in Russian?

2. What is word stress? What is the nature of Russian stress?

3. What are the features of Russian stress?

How are unstressed vowels pronounced?

Word stress. Features of Russian stress. Vowel sounds in syllables are stressed and unstressed. For example, in the word teach there are four syllables, in three syllables of this word there are unstressed vowels (e, o, a), the last one is stressed a.

The pronunciation of vowels in Russian depends primarily on their position in relation to stress.

Stress is the pronunciation of one of the syllables of a word with greater force.

Word stress is one of the main external signs of an independent word. Service words usually do not have an accent. Some of them (prepositions and conjunctions) are proclitics; they stand in front of significant words, for example: under the mountain, on the table, students and teachers; others (usually monosyllabic particles) are called enclitics; they stand after full-stressed words, for example: I would go for a walk; father answered differently.

In some combinations, the stress shifts to monosyllabic prepositions, while the significant word following the preposition becomes unstressed, for example: for the winter, through the forest, out of the city.

Sometimes they “pull” the accent of the particle not and neither, for example: there was not, no matter what, no matter who was.

As a rule, there is one stress in a word, but some categories of words, in addition to the main one, have a secondary stress, which is usually in the first place, and the main one is in the second, for example: Old Russian. These words include: 1) compound words (cotton harvester, locomotive building); 2) words with prefixes after-, over-, anti-, trans- (postoperative, transatlantic); 3) some foreign words(postscript, post factum).

In Russian, the stress can fall on any syllable - on the first (girl, teaches), on the second (teacher, zakon), on the third (student, stress), on the fourth (place ´t, assimilation´tion) and into different morphemes, prefix, root, suffix and ending (let out, house, wrote, deeds´). Therefore, Russian stress is characterized as heterogeneous.

Stress in Russian performs not only pronunciation (i.e. indicates how to pronounce the word correctly), but also semantic and form-distinctive functions. So, different words-homographs can differ according to the place of stress: flour´ka and flour´, a´tlas and atla´s, food (n.) - food´ (deep.), road´ (adj.) - expensive ´ga (n.)

With the help of stress, grammatical forms of words are often distinguished - cases of nouns, types of verbs, forms of moods, verbs, etc.: hands (I.p., plural), hands (R.p., singular), pour out ( sov. c), pour out (non-sov. c), write (expressive inclination) - write (commanded inclination.).

When forming grammatical forms of a word, the stress can remain in the same place. Such stress is called fixed (book, books, book, book, book, about the book, books, books, books, books, about books). It can stand on the basis (card, red, work) or end (young, article, bear).

Mobile is such an accent that, when forming grammatical forms of the same word, passes from one morpheme to another: country (I.p., singular) - countries (I.p., plural), water ( I.p., singular) - water (V.p., singular) or one syllable to another within the same morpheme: lake - lakes, tree - trees.

Exercise 39

Listen and repeat the words. Stressed syllables pronounce with greater force and tension.

Educate, educator, educate, educate, teacher, Pedagogical University, institute, auditorium, laboratory, laboratory work, lecture, seminar, tests, rating, control, teach, student, education, educated person.

Make up a short story with these words.

Exercise 40.

Write out from the text in one column words with stress on the first syllable, in the second - with stress on the second syllable, in the third - with stress on the third syllable, in the fourth - with stress on the fourth syllable. Learn to pronounce these words correctly.

Language is a priceless gift that a person is endowed with. It allows you to understand the laws of nature and community development, to advance science, technology, art, to join the culture of other peoples, to pass on their thoughts and tell about the successes achieved to descendants, to understand each other.

Language is the soul of a people, and without a linguistic sign there is no nation, humanity itself does not exist without language.

Name the functions of the language listed in the text.

Exercise 41.

Check if you pronounce these words correctly; say them out loud several times. Write down the words that you pronounced with the wrong accent in the dictionary.

agent

alphabet

argument

aristocracy

pamper

library

democracy

dispensary

contract

agreement

document

unity

call't (call't)

jagged

long time ago

invention

industry

tool

catalog

quarter

combiner

Beautiful

more beautiful

medications

by little

the youth

monologue

intention

some

obituary

hatred

security

facilitate

optimism

acquisition

pseudonym

centimeter

remedy(s)

customs

porcelain

move´tay

host(s)

expert

export

linguistic (fact)

lingual (sausage)

Exercise 42.

Remember the stresses in some short adjectives, participles and past tense verbs:

Rough - rude - rude - rude, right - right - right - right, sold - sold - sold - sold, take - took - took - took - took, slept - slept - slept - slept.

Exercise 43.

Write out from explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegov's meanings of these words. Memorize their pronunciation. Make suggestions with them. Explain the role of stress in these words.

Ugly - ugly, expensive - expensive, castle - castle, o´rgan - organ, give - give, cotton - cotton, pa´ ry - couples', fall asleep - fall asleep (grain).

Exercise 44.

Read and then rewrite the sentences. Place the stresses on the underlined words. Define its functions.

1. Language is the main material of word artists. The writer carefully selects words for his works. 2. In any country, the title of teacher is honorable. “Teachers are the people responsible for educating the next generation. 3. This year is unusually hot weather. This book costs five hundred sums. 4. In Lately came out a lot interesting newspapers and magazines. - A seriously ill person can only leave in stationary conditions. 5. During the celebration of Navruz, there will be a live report from the square. We have received good news.

Exercise 45.

Listen and repeat.

From Tashkent, from Bukhara, from Samarkand, to Khiva, to Navoi, to Urgench, from parents, from a girlfriend, from a teacher, in the square, at the bus stop, at the station, in the yard, under the table, under the window, overhead, over the roof , from behind the tree, from behind the house, from under the bed.

Exercise 46.

Read aloud the following phonetic words with the stress on the first syllable. Memorize their pronunciation.

On the mountain, on the leg, on the arm, on the back, on the soul, on the shore, on the house, on the floor, for the day, for the night, for two, for three, for five, for the leg, for the head, for the corner, for the city , for the day, for the night, under the feet, under the arms, under the head, by sea, through the forest, along the floor, along the nose, two, three, from the forest, from home, from the nose, out of sight, missing, hour hour by hour, year by year.

Exercise 47.

Read aloud the following phraseological combinations. Make suggestions with them.

Nothing to look at; hour by hour it is not easier; struck hand in hand; but unclean in hand; neither downhill nor uphill; as it were.

Exercise 48.

Read the following words correctly. Decline them verbally. Write down words with a fixed stress in one column, and with a mobile stress in the other.

Fable, coast, tie, case, earth, pencil, window, letter, hand, mountain, snow, argument, student, arrow, warmly, lesson, fog, ball, width, bonfire, towel, village, rock, table, cold, silence, service.

Unstressed vowels. Unstressed vowels, unlike stressed ones, are pronounced with less tension of articulation, are characterized by shorter duration and distinctness in pronunciation. Their pronunciation often differs from spelling. So, in the word milk, according to the norms of literary pronunciation, only the third O sounds like [o], and the other two have changed their quality: in the first pre-stressed syllable, a sound close to A [Ù] is heard, and in the second pre-stressed - a sound intermediate between O short and S short - [b] ([small]). The sound AND is also pronounced in stressed syllables, for example in the word ([loud]). Meanwhile, all these sounds in writing are denoted by the same letter O.

The biggest changes in unstressed syllables are experienced by vowels [a], [o], [e]. Vowels [and], [s], [y], although they sound shorter in unstressed syllables, do not change their quality.

Exercise 49.

Practice pronunciation of words with unstressed vowels.

1. Listen and repeat:

Water, thunderstorm, board, leg, goat, basket, gardens, grass, country, people, cardboard, garage, fence, dawn, canal, novel, drop, drive, lantern, motor, report, threshold.

Hours, sentry, watchmaker, for an hour, an hour, particle, particle, partially, teahouse, tea party, sorrel, sorrel, rows, row, in rows, nickel, piglet.

2. Listen and repeat:

One, lonely, loneliness, basis, main, organization, organize, protection, protect, general, generalize, society, public, authority, subscriber, graduate student, accompaniment.

3. Listen and repeat:

Pencil, shop, head, samovar, gardener, plumbing, document, housekeeping, young, expensive, gold, in half, donate, speak, cold, run out, write out.

(Reference material I. 3. p. 202)

Exercise 50.

form a shape plural from nouns. Write down, read aloud, following the pronunciation [o].

Table, yard, house, field, sea, garden, ball.

Exercise 51.

Rewrite the words below with emphasis. Read aloud. Say how unstressed vowels sound, and write the reduction signs /Ù, ъ/.

Turn, locomotive, stop, plane, hammer, nightingale, gold, garden, help, lanterns, watchman;

hair, raven, summer, horse, look out, express, humility, worked, near.

Exercise 52.

Rewrite the words below with emphasis. Read aloud.

Say how unstressed vowels sound, and write the reduction signs /b, ie, Λ, ye/.

Master, wind, woodpecker, offended, sunny, blast, see, writer.

Transfer, coast, take care, amuse, magnify, age-old, business, wooden, general, craft.

Private, dance, hard, piglet, frog, sentry.

Exercise 53.

Rewrite the words below, place the stress, underline the unstressed vowels. Read, say how the vowels sound after hissing Sh, Zh and after Ts. Inscribe reduction signs above them.

1. Sixth, whisper, rough, cruel, chew, turn yellow, wife, fiance, iron, desire, price, appreciate, cement, chain, workshops, censorship, cling.

2. Rustle, woolen, stir, silky, peel, tinny, yellowness, foal, groove, yellow-mouthed, groom, virgin, kiss, whole, target.

Exercise 54.

Read aloud phrases and sentences, underlining the letters that distinguish the spelling of words.

To belittle - to beg for forgiveness. Red fox - coniferous forests. Write down the exercise - do not rush with your tongue, hurry with your deeds. Boil vegetables - open the door. It became fun - it weighed a little.

Exercise 55.

Read. Say why the words in the second column sound the same. What are such words called?

Exercise 56.

Prove by selecting related words with an emphasis on the vowels of the root that the given words in each pair, which coincide in pronunciation, have different meanings.

Hurry (for exercise) - sleep (examples).

Get off (from the attic) - lick off (cream).

Shine (in the dark) - dedicate (romance).

Reconcile (opponents) - try on (blouse).

Watchman (warehouse) - a well-known old-timer.

Waving (flag) - developed (child).

Exercise 57.

Read the text. Pay attention to the pronunciation of unstressed vowels. Complete the tasks given after the text.

Learn to speak and write.

When reading a headline like this, most readers will think, “This is what I did in early childhood!" No, you need to learn to speak and write all the time. Language is the most expressive thing that a person has, and if he stops paying attention to his language, and begins to think that he has already mastered it sufficiently, he will retreat. It is necessary to monitor your language - oral and written - constantly.

The surest way to know a person is his mental development, his moral character, his character is to listen to how he speaks.

So, there is the language of the people as an indicator of its culture and the language of an individual, as an indicator of his personal qualities - the qualities of a person who uses the language of the people. If we pay attention to a person’s manner of holding himself, his gait, his behavior, his face and judge a person by them, sometimes, however, erroneously, then a person’s language is a much more accurate indicator of his human qualities, its culture...

The language of a person is his worldview and his behavior. As he speaks, so, therefore, he thinks.

And if you want to be truly intelligent, educated and cultured person then pay attention to your language. Speak correctly, accurately and economically. Do not force others to listen to your long speeches, do not show off in your language, do not be a narcissistic talker.

If you often have to speak in public - at meetings, meetings, just in the company of your friends, then, first of all, make sure that your speeches are not long. Keep track of time.

Second rule. For a speech to be interesting, everything you say must be interesting to you as well. If the speaker tells or reads with interest for himself and the audience feels it, then the audience will be interested. Interest is not created in the audience itself - interest is instilled in the audience by the speakers. Of course, if the topic is not interesting, nothing will come of trying to inspire interest in the listeners.

Popular in category: