Draw a simple national costume. How to draw a Russian folk costume step by step

Publications in the Traditions section

Meet by clothes

Russian women, even simple peasant women, were rare fashionistas. In their voluminous chests there were many - at least three dozen - a variety of outfits. Especially our ancestors loved headdresses - simple, for every day, and festive, embroidered with beads, decorated with gems. And how they loved beads! ..

Factors such as geographical position, climate, the main occupations of the people.

“The more closely you study Russian folk costume as a work of art, the more you find values ​​in it, and it becomes a figurative chronicle of the life of our ancestors, which, in the language of color, shape, ornament, reveals to us many secret secrets and laws of the beauty of folk art.

M.N. Mertsalova. "Poetry of folk costume"

In Russian costumes. Moore, 1906-1907. Private collection (Kazankov archive)

Here in the Russian costume, which began to take shape to XII century, laid detailed information about our people - a worker, a plowman, a farmer, living for centuries in conditions short summer and a long bitter winter. What to do endless winter evenings when a blizzard howls outside the window, a blizzard sweeps? Our foremothers-needlewomen weaved, sewed, embroidered. They did. “There is a beauty of movement and a beauty of stillness. Russian folk costume is the beauty of peace"- wrote the artist Ivan Bilibin.

Shirt

The main element of the Russian costume. Composite or one-piece, made of cotton, linen, silk, muslin or simple canvas, the shirt certainly reached the ankles. The hem, sleeves and collar of shirts, and sometimes the chest part, were decorated with embroidery, braid, and patterns. Moreover, the colors and ornaments differed depending on the region and province. Voronezh women preferred black embroidery, strict and refined. In the Tula and Kursk regions, shirts are usually tightly embroidered with red threads. In the northern and central provinces, red, blue and black prevailed, sometimes gold.

They put on different shirts depending on what kind of work was to be done. There were "mowing", "stubble" shirts, there was also "fishing". It is interesting that the working shirt for the harvest has always been richly decorated and equated to a festive one.

Russian women often embroidered incantatory signs or a prayer amulet on their shirts, because they believed that, using the fruits of the earth for food, taking life from wheat, rye or fish, they violate the natural harmony, come into conflict with nature. Before killing an animal or mowing the grass, the woman said: “Forgive me, Lord!”

Shirt - "fishing". End of the 19th century. Arkhangelsk province, Pinezhsky district, Nikitinskaya volost, Shardonemskoe village.

Slant shirt. Vologda province. 2nd half of the 19th century

By the way, about the etymology of the word "shirt". It does not come from the verb “cut” at all (although it is certainly convenient to chop wood in such clothes), but from the Old Russian word “cut” - a border, an edge. So, the shirt is a sewn cloth, with scars. Previously, they said not to “hem”, but to “cut”. However, this expression still occurs today.

Sundress

The word "sarafan" comes from the Persian "saran pa" - "over the head." It was first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle of 1376. As a rule, a trapezoidal silhouette, a sundress was worn over a shirt. At first it was a purely masculine attire, the ceremonial vestments of princes with long folding sleeves, sewn from expensive fabrics - silk, velvet, brocade. From the nobles, the sundress passed to the clergy, and only after that it was entrenched in the women's wardrobe.

Sundresses were of several types: deaf, oar, straight. Swings were sewn from two panels, which were connected with beautiful buttons or fasteners. A straight (round) sundress was attached to the straps. A deaf wedge-shaped sundress with longitudinal wedges and beveled inserts on the sides was also popular.

Sundresses with shower warmers

Recreated Holiday Sundresses

The most common colors and shades for sundresses are dark blue, green, red, blue, dark cherry. Festive and wedding sundresses were sewn mainly from brocade or silk, and everyday ones from coarse cloth or chintz. However, the overseas word "sarafan" rarely sounded in Russian villages. More often - kostych, damask, kumachnik, bruise or kosoklinnik.

“The beauties of different classes dressed up almost the same - the difference was only in the price of furs, the weight of gold and the brilliance of stones. The commoner "on the way out" put on a long shirt, over it - an embroidered sundress and a warm jacket trimmed with fur or brocade. The boyar - a shirt, an outer dress, a letnik (clothes expanding downwards with precious buttons), and on top also a fur coat for greater importance.

Veronica Bathan. "Russian beauties"

Over the sarafan, a short shower warmer was worn (something like a modern sweater), which was festive clothing for the peasants, and everyday for the nobility. A shower jacket (katsaveyka, quilted jacket) was sewn from expensive, dense fabrics - velvet, brocade.

Portrait of Catherine II in Russian dress. Painting by Stefano Torelli

Portrait of Catherine II in shugay and kokoshnik. Painting by Vigilius Eriksen

Portrait Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna in Russian costume. Unknown artist. 1790javascript:void(0)

Empress Catherine the Great, who was reputed to be a trendsetter, returned to use the Russian sundress, clothes that had been forgotten by the Russian upper class after the reforms of Peter European style. The Empress considered it necessary to instill in Russian subjects a sense of national dignity and pride, a sense of historical self-sufficiency. As soon as she sat on the Russian throne, Catherine began to dress in Russian dress, setting an example for the court ladies. Once, at a reception with Emperor Joseph II, Ekaterina Alekseevna appeared in a scarlet velvet Russian dress studded with large pearls, with a star on her chest and a diamond diadem on her head. And here is another documentary evidence: "The Empress was in a Russian outfit - a light green silk dress with a short train and a corsage of gold brocade, with long sleeves",- wrote an Englishman who visited the Russian court.

Poneva

Just a skirt. Mandatory part of the wardrobe married woman. Poneva consisted of three panels, could be deaf or oar. As a rule, its length depended on the length of the women's shirt. The hem of the poneva was decorated with patterns and embroidery. Most often, poneva was made of half-woolen fabric in a cage.

It was worn over a shirt and wrapped around the hips, and a woolen cord (gashnik) held it at the waist. An apron was often worn in front. In Rus', for girls who had reached the age of majority, there was a rite of putting on a poneva, which said that the girl could already be betrothed.

Belt

Women's wool belts

Belts with Slavic patterns

Belt weaving loom

An integral part of not only the Russian costume, the custom of wearing a belt is common among many peoples of the world. In Rus', it has long been accepted that the lower women's shirt should always be belted, there was even a ritual of girdling a newborn girl. The belt - a magic circle - protected from evil spirits, and therefore they did not take it off even in the bath. Walking unbelted was considered a great sin. Hence the meaning of the word "unbelted" - to become impudent, to forget about decency. By the end of the 19th century, in some southern regions, it began to be allowed to wear a belt just under a sundress. The belts were woolen, linen and cotton, they were crocheted or woven. Sometimes the sash could reach a length of three meters, such were worn by unmarried girls; hem with voluminous geometric pattern- married women. A yellow-red belt made of woolen fabric, decorated with braid and ribbons, turned around on holidays.

Apron

Women's urban costume in folk style: jacket, apron. Russia, late 19th century

Women's costume of the Moscow province. Restoration, contemporary photography

It not only protected clothes from contamination, but also served as an additional decoration for the festive attire, giving it a finished and monumental look. The apron was worn over a shirt, sundress and poneva. However, in Rus' the word “zapon” was more common - from the verb “zapinati” (to close, delay). The defining and most richly decorated part of the outfit - patterns, silk ribbons and trim inserts. The edge is decorated with lace and frills. From the embroidery on the apron, it was possible, as if from a book, to read the history of a woman's life: the creation of a family, the number and gender of children, deceased relatives, and the preferences of the owner. Each curl, each stitch emphasized individuality.

Headdress

Headgear depended on age and marital status. He predetermined the entire composition of the costume. Girls' headdresses left part of their hair open and were quite simple: ribbons, bandages, hoops, openwork crowns, scarves folded in a bundle.

After the wedding and the ceremony of “untwisting the braid”, the girl acquired the status of a woman and wore a “kitka of a young woman”. With the birth of her first child, she was replaced by a horned kichka or a high spade-shaped headdress, a symbol of fertility and the ability to bear children. Married women were required to cover their hair completely under a headdress. According to the old Russian custom, a scarf (ubrus) was put on over the kichka.

The kokoshnik was the ceremonial headdress of a married woman. Married women put on kichka and kokoshnik when they left the house, and at home, as a rule, they wore a povoinik (cap) and a scarf.

The age of the owners was easily determined by color scheme. Young girls dressed most colorfully before the birth of a child. The costumes of the elderly and children were distinguished by a modest palette.

Women's costume abounded in patterns. Embroideries on sundresses and shirts echoed the carved frame of the village hut. An image of people, animals, birds, plants and geometric figures. Solar signs, circles, crosses, rhombic figures, deer, birds prevailed.

Cabbage style

A distinctive feature of the Russian national costume is its layering. Everyday costume was as simple as possible, it consisted of the most necessary elements. For comparison: festive woman suit a married woman could include about 20 items, and everyday - only seven. The girls wore a three-part ensemble for every outing. The shirt was complemented with a sundress and a kokoshnik or a pony and magpie. According to popular beliefs, multi-layered spacious clothes protected the hostess from the evil eye. Wearing less than three layers of dresses was considered indecent. The layered attire of the nobility emphasized their wealth.

The main fabrics used for folk peasant clothing were homespun canvas and wool, and with mid-nineteenth centuries - factory-made silk, satin, brocade with ornaments, kumach, chintz, satin. A trapezoidal or straight monumental silhouette, the main types of cut, a picturesque decorative and color scheme, kichki, magpies - all this existed in the peasant environment right up to the middle - late XIX century, when the traditional costume begins to supplant urban fashion. Clothes are increasingly purchased in the store, less often sewn to order.

We thank the artists Tatyana, Margarita and Tais Karelin, winners of international and city national costume competitions and teachers, for the photos provided.

A couple of days ago, Alena Belova wrote to me with a request to show me how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons of different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this, I picked up a picture depicting women's festive clothes from the Tver province of the 19th century: On the left is a sundress, shirt and belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in a history lesson or from this topic, you can use this lesson:

How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step

Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. Here it is also important to observe proportions.
Step two. We draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not distinguished by openness, so here almost the entire body is hidden.
Step three. Very important point these are folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible bends and shadows from them on the dress.
Step four. Another one distinguishing feature folk costume is an abundance of patterns. It's not just some fiction from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It is difficult to draw them, but if you do not, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, looking only for a second, anyone will determine without errors.
Step five. If you add hatching, the drawing will become more realistic.
I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any topic that has clothes and draw. But I have selected the best topic lessons from this and give them to you.

Elena Chuvilina

Theme: "Russian folk costume".

Tasks: to acquaint children with the history of men's and women's clothing, with Russian folk costume; develop visual perception; to cultivate accuracy and perseverance, to cultivate interest in the origins of Russian folk culture.

Materials. Illustrations of folk Russian costumes, pictures of men's and women's clothing, samples of various clothes. Coloring pages of folk Russian costumes, felt-tip pens.

The teacher introduces children to the history of men's and women's clothing. In museums there are a lot of samples of rich clothes of Russian tsars and boyars. Clothing was very expensive, so it was passed on only by inheritance. For ordinary people, men and women, the main part of the clothing was a shirt, or shirt. The shirt was wide and long. Her sleeves were longer than her arms. The shirt had a special cut collar. The shirt had a slit on the side, so it was called a kosovorotka. A white kosovorotka was decorated with embroidery along the hem, collar, bottom of the sleeves. Very often, an insert of a material of a different color was made on the chest. A caftan was also worn over the shirts. Men's trousers were called trousers. These are the things our ancestors had: shirt, pants, caftan and others. Women's clothes were more complex and varied. A shirt was part of the clothing. Over the shirt, women wore a long sundress. It was decorated with ribbons, beads, buttons and so on. Required attribute men's and women's clothing in Rus' has always been a belt. Next, the teacher talks about the Russian folk costume. On the board, illustrative material and the teacher shows everyday and festive clothes. Today we will color the Russian folk costume of a boy and a girl. Under the Russian calm melody, the children get to work. Review of children's work.

Well done! What beautiful costumes you have!

Exhibition of children's works!

Related publications:

Before you - black and white coloring, but based on the Russian folk costume! You can just color them, or you can, adhering to certain ones.

Topic: "History of Russian folk costume" "Let's dress Vanya in a Russian costume" Pedagogical goal. Show children the inextricable connection between.

The lepbook "Russian folk costume" was drawn up as part of the work on the project "My Penza Land" for patriotic education. Subject: Deep.

Presentation of the project "Russian folk costume" for the preparatory group Educational and productive project. Participants: children of the preparatory group, educators, parents of children. Relevance: Russian folk.

An event to improve the effectiveness of ethno-cultural education of children "Russian folk costume of the Belgorod region" Purpose: to increase the effectiveness of ethnocultural education of older children preschool age based on familiarization with the Russian folk costume.

In our kindergarten there is a patriotic corner. There are exhibited things that were previously used in everyday life. These are musical instruments.

Anastasia Alekseevna Guzeeva

Subject: « History of Russian folk costume»

« Let's dress Vanya in a Russian costume»

pedagogical goal.

Show children the inseparable connection between various types art: folk craft, music; introduce children to history native Stavropol Territory.

Software content.

Educational tasks:

Introduce children to history and features of the Russian folk costume.

Expand knowledge about Russian folk culture.

Development tasks:

Develop aesthetic taste; develop moral qualities.

Show modifications Russian costume.

Strengthen technical skills and abilities drawing various art materials on a sheet of paper.

Educational tasks:

Raise interest in folk culture.

Direction: visual activity (drawing) .

Activities: visual, communicative, motor.

Implementation means. Visual: demo materials: dolls in Russian national costumes, folk illustrations costumes, a sample of pedagogical drawing; verbal: poetry; artistic: sketches of dolls in folk suits; multimedia: presentation "Cossacks-Nekrasovtsy", « Russian folk costume» ; audio recording: songs of the Nekrasov Cossacks.

Equipment: For educator: pointer, notebook, sheet of A3 paper with, black marker, watercolor, thin brushes, a can of water, a napkin; For children: sheets of A4 paper with drawn human silhouette, simple pencils, watercolor paints, thin brushes, napkins, jars of water.

Preliminary work. Examination of illustrations for fairy tales, which depict heroes in Russian folk costumes. Conversation about history of Russian folk costume.

Organizational structure of the lesson

I.Keeping in topic.

The teacher invites the children to remember how people dressed ancient Rus', then recalls that the boys walked in a shirt with belts, onuchs, bast shoes, and a bright hat with a lapel.

Let's see how people dressed in our Stavropol Territory. What were they like? How were they decorated? Let's find out about it.

II. cognitive activity.

1. Cognitive and informational conversation. Nekrasov Cossacks.

The teacher shows slides and puppets in costumes of Nekrasov Cossacks, an audio recording of the songs of Nekrasov Cossacks sounds in the background.

2. Verbally illustrated story. Folk costume Nekrasov Cossacks.

- Suits the Nekrasovites are not at all Cossack - bright silk fabrics, hoodies - this is more reminiscent of the holiday clothes of the Turks ...

Suits they are completely different from the usual clothes of the Cossacks. Nekrasovsky the costume is very bright, one might even say outrageous. Over the shirt, in the Turkish manner, the Nekrasovites always wore a yellow-blue hoodie, which was fastened with buttons in front along the entire length. The hoodie was sewn from bright Turkish fabrics. Basically all colors costume associated with the cycle of life earth: yellow symbolized grain, blue - water, red - the sun, and green - greenery, awakening life.

The lower edge of the clothes and all the seams were necessarily decorated with embroidery, the pattern of which, according to pagan legends, was a talisman. Technically, it was very complex and required painstaking work. According to the belief « devilry» could neither enter nor exit through the openings protected by man-made decor. Usually the pattern was made with a thin black and yellow thread.

Nekrasovites passed on clothes from generation to generation - they sewed a shirt from a father's shirt for a son, from a mother's shirt for a daughter. The Nekrasovites were very interesting in the headdresses of women. From them it was possible to find out how old a woman is, whether she is married. The girls wore cloth headbands decorated with various amulets: coins, small shells, beads. Over the bandage is a bright scarf of red and yellow colors. By the way, all the seams connecting the details of the clothes were sewn with needle lace, which was woven with multi-colored threads. Now, unfortunately, the technique of traditional Nekrasov embroidery has been completely lost.

III. Creative practical activity.

1. Demonstration of working methods.

The teacher shows the children tricks drawing men's suit based on the costumes of the Nekrasov Cossacks.

pay attention to work with paints: The background is filled first, then the picture is painted.

Before you get started paint, you need to do finger gymnastics.

Finger gymnastics "Cloth"

One, two, three, four, five - (connect in series

We will wash things: fingers of one hand with fingers of the other)

Dress, trousers and socks,

Skirt, blouse, handkerchiefs.

Let's not forget the scarf and hat -

We will wash them too. (fists imitate washing)

2. Work on a creative task.

Exercise: draw on topic« Let's dress Vanya in a Russian costume» based on Nekrasov Cossack costumes.

IV. Reflection.

1. Exhibition of works. Children arrange drawings, admire them, discuss them.

2. Summing up.

Oh, you are my young masters, my golden assistants, tired, tired, but what a job you did. Suits turned out neat, beautiful, diverse. Look, here are wavy lines, and zigzags, and dots, and circles. Did you like to be masters of folk costume? (children's answers)

The teacher thanks the children for their work.

Related publications:

The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint pupils with the features of the Russian folk costume. Tasks: Educational To introduce the elements of Russian.

Summary of the lesson "Journey to the fairy-tale world of an old Russian folk costume" The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint pupils with the features of the Russian folk costume. Tasks: Educational Introduce the elements.

Before you - black and white coloring, but based on the Russian folk costume! You can just color them, or you can, adhering to certain ones.

As part of the program, we passed the module " folk culture and traditions." In the course of pedagogical observation, it was revealed that many children.

IN preparatory group preschoolers as part of drawing classes are offered such an interesting, albeit difficult topic, as an image of a doll in a national costume. In addition to the development of artistic skills, such work is of great cognitive and educational value - it introduces children to the culture and life of the Russian people and thereby awakens patriotic feelings in them.

Aspects of drawing on the topic "Doll in Russian folk costume" in the senior group of the preschool educational institution

Preschoolers try to depict anthropomorphic objects from an early age. At first, these are primitive works according to the principle “Stick, stick, cucumber, here comes the little man!”. However, in order for development to go further, systematic work of the educator in this direction is necessary. Learning the art of drawing a portrait is inextricably linked with the development of perception and imagination. The teacher must find techniques that will arouse children's interest in the image of a person.

Of course, preschoolers are intimidated by the task of drawing a person, because they are afraid that they will fail. The task of the educator is to overcome this fear and replace it with a pleasant creative process. It is ideal to start the image not with human figure, but from something similar to it. So, in the middle link, the guys are happy to draw a nesting doll, a snowman. They know well what parts these objects consist of, and learn to depict a face. Further, it is proposed to draw a Snow Maiden in a wide fur coat and with her hands.

IN senior group there is a detailed acquaintance with the portrait, children learn the proportions of the face, ways of conveying the character and mood of a person. They draw themselves, parents, friends, fairy tale characters.

In the preparatory group, the guys improve their ability to depict anthropomorphic creatures from nature and from memory. Children 6-7 years old already notice well characteristics objects and objects and transfer them to artistic images. At this age, in a drawing lesson, preschoolers are offered such a complex, but interesting topic, as "Doll in national costume". As a rule, this is drawing from nature or based on illustrations. Note that the guys do not depict a person, but a doll. This makes the work a little easier, since the proportions of the structure of the body and face will not be so strict here: for example, the head can be large, as well as the eyes, mouth, palms.

When conducting this lesson, the teacher should focus on examining the doll in appropriate clothing. The form of a sundress is discussed in detail (if it is Russian National Costume), shirts, headwear, shoes. The teacher also focuses on the location of the arms, legs, and the shape of the head. The doll's head in the picture can have an oval or round shape. To depict a face, children must visually (or with a simple pencil) divide it into three parts: forehead, eyes and nose, lips with a chin. The teacher can remind the children how eyes are drawn (draw them on the board), remind them that the nose can only be indicated by its tip (nostrils or a short dash).

Sometimes children are offered a schematic drawing of a doll: using a circle (head) and several lines (body parts). Then this scheme is outlined by the missing elements, including clothing. Another option is drawing with ovals or arcs.

Staged image

In the preparatory group, it is especially important to give children the opportunity to show creative initiative, creative imagination, to encourage independent choice of color solutions for drawings. So, for example, the guys independently choose the color and nature of the pattern of the sundress of the Russian beauty, as well as her kokoshnik. Note that at this age, preschoolers already know a lot of shades, such as lemon, sand, light green, etc.

An important point of the lesson in the preparatory group is the analysis of finished works. By examining their drawings, children learn to see them. strengths and disadvantages. Together with the teacher, the guys discuss what can be done better than to complement the composition.

Used materials and base

In the preparatory group, the set of materials with which children can work in the process is expanding. visual activity. Their combination in one drawing contributes to the creation of an expressive image. Since the image of a doll in a national costume requires detailed drawing, it is advisable to additionally use felt-tip pens or gel pens for the main work with paints (watercolor or gouache) or colored pencils. With the help of these tools, you can outline facial features or intricate patterns on a sundress and kokoshnik.

Such a subject of the image as a doll requires a preliminary sketch with a simple pencil. This is especially true when working with paints. As for the eraser, which is sometimes offered to preschoolers in the preparatory group, it is better not to give it, as children often use it irrationally and spoil the drawing.

As a basis for drawing a doll in a national costume, the teacher offers the children sheets of paper of a standard size. When drawing with paints, they are tinted in advance in pastel colors. Working with colored pencils, children can complete the composition with a suitable background.

Drawing techniques and techniques to be used when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group

In the preparatory group, the image technique is further improved. Hand movements become more free and precise, smooth and rhythmic.

A sketch with a simple pencil is done with fairly quick hand movements, with a light unbroken line (to make it easy to correct inaccuracies). By the way, it will be useful if the child completes a few test sketches on a draft.

When drawing with a pencil, the guys exercise in a smooth turn of the hand - this is necessary to depict rounded lines. Preschoolers learn to draw long lines without interruption, also to depict large forms. Small parts(facial features, ornament on a sundress) are drawn using short lines and strokes.

Similarly, different ways of working with a brush (all pile and tip) are improved when painting with gouache or watercolor. Preschoolers develop technical skills by learning how to mix paints to create interesting hues.

Used additional types of visual activity when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group, the relevance of an individual approach

In the preparatory group, the features of the development of children are already clearly visible; some preschoolers have pronounced abilities and interest in visual activity. Such children, no doubt, need to be encouraged, to further stimulate their desire for artistic creativity. One of the ways is to offer them to diversify the composition with additional applicative or plasticine elements.

For example, a sundress or kokoshnik of a Russian beauty can be decorated with plasticine elements (thin ornate flagella or small balls) or shiny sequins can be glued on.

Drawing can be combined with appliqué, especially if we are talking about the collective composition: the drawn figurines of young ladies are painted, cut out, supplemented with applique details and pasted onto the general background.

Drawing with appliqué elements

Specific options for compositions within the theme "Doll in national costume" in the preparatory group

Drawing on a theme is traditionally offered to pupils of the preparatory group at the very beginning of the school year (September). This theme can be interpreted somewhat: children can portray beauties from Russian folk tales, for example, Alyonushka, Vasilisa, Maryushka (they will also be dressed in Russian folk costume).

If the guys live in an area where there are their own characteristics of the national costume, then they can be reflected in the drawing, for example, “Chuvash costume”, “Mordovian outfit”.

By the way, shortly before the “Doll in National Costume” lesson, the children can separately depict national headdresses or color the proposed templates: this way they will practice making patterns and mixing colors. In the same way, you can practice drawing Russian folk shoes - bast shoes.

An interesting idea is to invite the children, after drawing the Russian national costume, to depict the traditional outfit of some other country (for example, Ukraine, China, India, etc.). Note that such an activity requires a detailed cognitive conversation. Depicting puppets different nationalities, children should use such expressive means as conveying the color of skin and hair, the shape of the eyes. The teacher must demonstrate to preschoolers a doll in an appropriate costume or its image.

If desired, the theme "Doll in national costume" can be arranged as a collective composition, for example, "Round dance". Children draw young ladies in a Russian folk costume, then cut them out and stick them on the base (the teacher thinks out in advance a suitable background (meadow with green grass, flowers, etc.). As a simplified version, the children can be given templates that they should color.

Possible options for a motivating start to a lesson: looking at pictures, talking about questions, a fairy tale, poems, etc.

Even in the preparatory group, play remains the leading type of children's activity. And the teacher should not forget about this when building a lesson. Game motivation plays a very important role.

For example, the teacher tells the children that dolls came to visit them, but they are dressed in a strange way. It turns out they came from the past. After all, this is how people who lived in Rus' long ago dressed. Our grandmothers wore sundresses to the floor, and grandfathers wore a shirt with a belt. The motivation for the guys will be the request of the dolls to take a picture of them, because in the distant past there were no cameras.

Dolls in male and female Russian national costume

Doll in Russian folk costume

Another option is that the dolls (for example, Arina and Danila) are going to the fair and want to dress up better. After all, at fairs people had fun, danced. Children will draw them in beautiful clothes, while the emphasis is on its decoration (sleeve, hem of a sundress, men's shirt collar).

She can come to visit preschoolers - it can be Alyonushka, Vasilisa the Beautiful or Maryushka (doll or picture). The teacher emphasizes how slender, graceful, ruddy, with a long blond braid. The teacher tells the children that earlier such beauties were called “swan”, “peafowl”, “birch tree”, “berry” (there is a replenishment vocabulary preschoolers). The heroine tells the children sad story: Baba Yaga or an evil witch stole and burned her most beautiful sundress. Children always respond vividly to someone else's misfortune and strive to help - they will gladly draw a new outfit for the beauty even more beautiful than the previous one.

The heroine of a Russian folk tale

The heroine of a Russian folk tale

Drawing lessons can be started with an informative conversation about Russian national clothes. Children will be interested to know that embroidery and the patterns with which it was decorated had a special meaning in the old days. People believed that embroidery not only adorned, but also protected from evil forces- was a guardian. These were wavy lines, circles, crosses. The craftswomen also embroidered trees, birds, and animals. The motivation after such a story will be an offer for children to draw their favorite doll in an outfit that will protect her from all evil.

Traditional element of the pattern of clothes Traditional element of the pattern of clothes Traditional element of the pattern of clothes Traditional Russian embroidery

In addition, the children can be told that the red color in the Russian national costume was present in a huge variety of shades. And in combination with green, red seemed even more juicy and festive. The red color symbolized fire, and fire can give both joy (warmth) and sorrow (fire). It is also the color of love.

Illustration to use in class

Original Russian shoes of peasants

If children draw the national costume not of Russia, but of some other country, then it is imperative to show them the appropriate pictures, and even better, a doll in such clothes.

Doll in national costume

Thematic Pictures Poster paper toys dolls

The motivation for drawing an elegant doll, of course, can be gleaned from fiction. A fairy tale grandmother (disguised educator) can come to visit the children and tell them a fairy tale about the merchant Sadko. He had three beautiful daughters. When Sadko was going to distant countries for goods, his daughters ordered him to bring a golden crown, a beautiful shirt and a sundress embroidered with patterns and ribbons. In a foreign country, the merchant was looking for these gifts for a long time, and finally found and bought them. But the daughters, when they saw the new clothes, began to envy each other: each wanted her to have a sundress, a shirt, and a crown. And so he asked the storyteller to turn to the children - let them help him and draw beautiful outfits for their daughters.

We also recommend modern fairy tale Larisa Sergeeva According to the plot of the work, a Sarafan-master lived at one end of the village, and a Simple Shirt lived at the other. The sundress was tired of lying in the chest, waiting for the hostess to get it and put it on, and decided to visit the Shirt. She was very pleased with the guest, put the samovar. They sat down to drink tea, and Sarafan asked Shirt why she was so kind and handsome. She replied that the owner puts it on the body and warms it with his soul. The shirt, in turn, protects a person from evil spirits with the help of a collar (this is a collar and cuffs). And so that the cold does not get inside, the belt helps. The sundress thought and thought and became friends with the shirt - and now they always go together.

After reading this short fairy tale, it will be even more interesting for children to portray native Russian items of clothing.

Fairy tale illustration

You can also start the lesson with a poem. For example, the following lines are of interest:

Prigotskaya Svetlana

Turn around, golden-winged sundress,
To the full extent, to the full extent, to the full extent.
And in the harsh years of Russia
The women spun a harsh thread.
Here in such a homespun outfit
A mother of many children was going to church.
Sundress-breadth is what you need -
You can cover the field with canvas!
Oh, you, dear, curly, desired,
Play the harmonica more fun!
Maidens in colored sundresses floated
Among rainbows, meadows and fields.
All ruddy, like nesting dolls,
Round dances were endless ...
Not one harmonica rejoiced -
Choose your favorite young man!
And what ditties they sang!
And handkerchiefs flew out of my hands!
Our grandmother is old
She put her sundress in a chest.
My mother tried on a sundress,
She said: oh, I would dance!
Thickets of the village with weeds,
And the accordion has not been heard for a long time.
You won't hear funny ditty,
The young are now in the cities...
In the village, the old woman will tell
About past round dance years!

http://chto-takoe-lyubov.net/stikhi-o-lyubvi/kollektsii-stikhov/11499-stixi-pro-sarafan

L.A. Kruglova

Dolls, ladies, nesting dolls

Everyone lives next to us.

Surprise, admire

And they do not give rest.

We sew clothes for all dolls

Studying antiquity.

Let's know from which side

We are in a dream or in reality.

Together with the nomadic people

We set up a yurt and wait for guests.

We drink tea from a samovar

And the nomad drinks koumiss.

We go to the house to rest

And the nomad lay down in kuizi

Well, try to take a look.

People live differently...

Everyone sings in their own way

Wear different clothes

Believe in God as always...

http://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/okruzhayushchiy-mir/2012/10/18/kukly-v-natsionalnykh-kostyumakh

Ditties about bast shoes:

Oh, my bast shoes
my paws,
Gardens you dug
Came here to dance."

"Walk Matthew
Do not feel sorry for the bast shoes.
Live until Saturday
You will earn new bast shoes.

Note that on the eve of drawing a doll in a folk costume, it is good to offer preschoolers didactic games on this topic. For example, during the game “Dress a doll in a national costume”, children memorize the features of the traditional clothes of different peoples.

Didactic game"Dress the doll in the national costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in the national costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in the national costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in the national costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in the national costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in the national costume" costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in a national costume"

Since it is mandatory to conduct physical education or finger gymnastics before productive activities, we present the following wonderful option:

Lesson notes

Examples of finished works of pupils of the preparatory group on the topic "Doll in national costume" with comments on the performance of the work

The drawings “Russian Beauty”, “Russian Folk Costume”, “Ivan da Marya” (all of them are made in watercolor) show us the national clothes of our Motherland. The work "Russian Beauty" is permeated with a positive mood: complemented by a bright, soft blue sky. We see a familiar Russian attribute - a slender birch in the foreground. The doll in the picture is depicted in a traditional bright red sundress, her long blond braid fluttering.

Works "Tatar outfit", " Tatar costume”, “Mordovian outfit”, “Chuvash clothes” are drawn by children living in a certain region or on the border with it. Note that the drawings very realistically convey the features of specific clothing, shoes and hats.

Noteworthy are the compositions “Chinese Woman”, where not only the image of national Chinese clothing is very well conveyed, but also hairstyles.

The work "National headdress" is a kind of preparation for drawing a holistic image dolls in national costume.

Pencil drawing Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing Pencil drawing Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing Trainer for drawing Coloring template Coloring picture Coloring template

“Doll in national costume” is a very exciting topic for drawing in the preparatory group. In such a lesson, preschoolers will not only practice drawing a person, but also expand their horizons. And thoughtful motivation can turn drawing into a fabulous action.