Artist tropinin biography. Vasily Tropinin - biography and paintings of the artist in the genre of Romanticism - Art Challenge

The first Moscow portrait painter of the last century was convinced that a portrait of any person is painted "for the memory of people close to him, people who love him." A former serf, he turned down flattering official offers, but tried not to refuse anyone who made private requests to paint a portrait for family or friends. What was drawn for the memory of those who love made up our memory, our idea of ​​good-natured, talented, famous and little-known people of the past century. People, as it turned out, and close to us.

How much income from his serf Vasily Tropinin had Count Irakly Ivanovich Morkov, who distinguished himself in the capture of Ochakov and during the assault on Izmail, who received a diamond sword and a huge estate in southern Ukraine after the Polish campaign, is definitely difficult to say. But over the years, he stubbornly gave birth to the requests of the most famous and influential people to give freedom to the artist already appreciated by all. It was as if he needed the talent, noted by the Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna herself, the talent that the great Karl Bryullov bowed to, to serve at the table during dinner as the main footman. Contemporaries noted that Tropinin Vasily Andreevich enjoyed great confidence of the count. Apparently, Irakli Ivanovich knew the price of this good-natured and eccentric, endowed not only with great talent, but also with endless humility and patience. Everyone knew the price. Marriable daughters argued among themselves which of them would get a serf artist as a dowry. Irakli Ivanovich replied to this that no one would get it. And only in 1823, when the artist was 47 years old, on the feast of the Resurrection of Christ, after matins, which was ruled at the house of Count Carrot, instead of a red egg, Tropinin was given a vacation pay, however, alone, without a son. Only five years after the death of the count, his heirs gave him freedom to Arseny Vasilyevich, the beloved son of Vasily Andreevich, to the one whose portrait, among others, made the glory of a remarkable artist.

The artist was born a serf in the village of Karpovka, Novgorod province, which belonged to Count Minikh. Then Count Irakli Ivanovich Morkov became his master, who received Tropinin as a dowry for his wife, the daughter of Minich.

Early passionate attraction to drawing, which manifested itself in Tropinin, and the abilities were so obvious that even then, in childhood, they forced the attention of Count Carrot's friends. Many advised the Count to give Tropinin to study painting. But the more urgent the advice was, the more he resisted. Petersburg, but - for a confectioner, that was the decision. Only in 1798, at the request of a close relative of Count Morkov, who undertook to pay his own money for him in the event of Tropinin’s failure in studying painting, he was sent to the Art Academy as a freelance student (according to the charter of the Academy at that time it was forbidden to accept serfs) to S.S. . Shchukin, a student of D.G. Levitsky. Tropinin studied easily and successfully, and in 1804, at a student exhibition, he exhibited a portrait of a boy who yearns for a dead bird. His work was very liked by the academic authorities, as well as by the Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna. Count Carrot, warned of possible requests for the release of a talented serf, urgently withdrew Tropinina to his little Russian estate in the village of Kukavka. It was there that the serf Vasily Tropinin earned the “great trust” of the count: as they say, and “ Shvets, and a reaper, and a player on the pipe". Occasionally he is allowed to write what he wants. Most of Tropinin's early works have not survived; they burned down in the Moscow house of Morkov during the fire of Moscow in 1812.

Tropinin's early works have a special sophistication and, at the same time, a shy timidity in expressing feelings, they shine with a touching tenderness for the world. Their painting is thin-layered and transparent. The most interesting work from the surviving group of early works is " Portrait of Natalia Morkova"- a sketch for a large group portrait of the Carrot family.

His golden hair is messy, his lively brown eyes are set aside. In 18th-century art, children were depicted as small adults with wooden figurines and doll faces. In the next century, art, as it were, opens up childhood, tries to cognize the vast world of a child who lives with bright, pure feelings.

Already in the 1820s, Vasily Andreevich was famous in Moscow as a noteworthy artist. And a year later, having a freestyle, Tropinin was elected an academician of the Academy of Arts. ON THE. Ramazanov writes: “Tropinin had orders for 14,000 rubles in St. Petersburg, but northern Palmyra, sung by more than one St. one, then another ... No, to Moscow! Tired of bonded life, Tropinin rejected all offers of official service, he now wanted to lead the life of a private person and be independent. A successful early official career did not allow the talent of his teacher S.S. to develop to its full potential. Schukin. And Tropinin did not want to repeat his path. Tropinin's heritage does not include commissioned official works. Having settled in Moscow, the artist soon became the first Moscow portrait painter. Here he painted about three thousand portraits. It was an honor to commission portraits from him of Artistic Moscow, Small Nobility Moscow, and Merchant Moscow. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin came to him either on Lenivka or on Tverskaya (not exactly established) to pose. Tropinin had a great influence on the Moscow school of painting, he stands at the origins of the formation of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. His brothers Vladimir and Konstantin Makovsky studied under him.

People came to Tropinin from other cities and from distant landowners' estates. According to the testimony of the same Ramazanov, Karl Bryullov refused to paint portraits of Muscovites, referring to Tropinina like an excellent artist. When the English master D. Dow worked on a gallery of portraits of the heroes of the war of 1812 for Winter Palace, then Tropinin wrote Muscovites who did not want to go to pose in St. Petersburg. Dow then used these portrait studies in his works.

Popularity did not affect the features of the formation of Tropinin's character. He painted portraits at home with customers, finalizing them later in his studio. The prices for his portraits were low, copies from the old masters Tropinin estimated more expensive. Just like Fedotov and Venetsianov, Tropinin was not abroad, but did not complain about this: "Maybe it turned out for the best that I was not in Italy, if I were there, maybe I would not be peculiar." But Tropinin knew Western European art well, he studied private collections in St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as the richest collection of the Hermitage.

Of all the masters of the first half of XIX century Tropinin most of all retains ties with the art of the XVIII century. One of his favorite artists was J.-B. Grez, his work Tropinin copied a lot. He also copied the work of the Austrian artist J.-B. Lampi, teachers V.L. Borovikovsky, " Portrait of Agashi's daughter» D.G. Levitsky. Undoubtedly, the connections of Tropinin's art with the "heads" Italian master P. Rotary. The whimsical, playful, flirtatious style of rococo and the gentle grace of the art of sentimentalism - Tropinin has it all. The aromas of the art of the gallant age are long preserved in his work.

Tropinin's nature was also close to the hedonism of art of the 18th century, asserting pleasure, pleasure as the highest goal and main motive of human behavior, his rapture with the beauty of the forms and colors of the real world. All of his lacemakers», « gold embroiderers», « spinners" And " laundresses as if covered with a thin veil of light erotica.

They are affectionate, smiling, flirtatious. Tropinin's revelations are in what he loves. He admires his natures as the most amazing creations of nature. Tropinin uses a system of contrasts - complex turns of the figure, when the shoulders are deployed strongly in three-quarters, the face is almost frontal, the eyes are slanted to the left or right, resulting in a helix, giving the impression of playing with the viewer. Most notable work of this series - the painting by Vasily Andreevich Tropinin "" - became calling card Tropinin.

He repeated this work many times. Here Tropinin is already a mature master. The errors in anatomy and carelessness that were in the early works have disappeared. " Lacemaker» are distinguished by the clarity and accuracy of the silhouette, the sculptural roundness of the forms. Numerous thin translucent layers of paint allowed Vasily Andreevich Tropinin to achieve a gentle effect of porcelain transparency of the exterior, which, when illuminated, begin to glow from the inside. Details are carefully and lovingly painted: curls of hair, bobbins, scissors.

Tropinin's portraits are often shallow in psychological characteristics, but very reliable in the transfer of a person's everyday environment. Tropinin's work is comparable to the so-called Biedermeier movement that developed in the art of Germany, Austria and a number of Scandinavian countries in the 20-40s of the last century, singing the ideal family life, the attachment of family members to each other, admiring the arranged life is not for show.

Tropinin liked chamber portraits. He always cared about the naturalness of the model’s pose, advised paying attention, “so that ... the face does not care to sit like this, put your hand like that, etc., try to distract him with a conversation and even distract him from the thought that he is sitting for a portrait.” His images expressed in portraits are distinguished by an individual and natural originality of posture, sincere and benevolent openness.

One of the best portraits of Tropinin - Bulakhov's portrait.

The sketchy manner of painting, the carelessness and artistry of writing correspond to the gentle nature of the depicted person. He is presented in the homely appearance of a private person, which is emphasized by the clothes - a robe with squirrel fur. But the journal Vestnik Evropy, in the hands of Bulakhov, suggests that he is no stranger to intellectual pursuits. Home clothing was perceived as the antithesis of a tailcoat, it was "the loose clothing of a free man."

From the more prim and strict lifestyle of bureaucratic Petersburg, the capital, the residence of the emperor, Moscow differed in freedom. Many writers preferred to live in Moscow, it was a city of artistic bohemia. Moscow was famous for its cordiality, its eccentrics. Moscow ladies often dressed with tasteless quirkiness and pomp. An example of this Countess N.A. Zubova, beloved daughter of Suvorov, from Tropinin's portrait.

Her bright red headdress with white feathers seems to have descended from a Baroque painting. Nevertheless, this outfit corresponds to her monumental figure, healthy complacency of nature, all the brutality of her appearance and does not make her ridiculous and ridiculous. But one should not think that Tropinin's talent was inaccessible to the aristocracy of the spirit, the inner world of the intellectual model. With long liquid strokes he paints a thin intelligent face famous historian Karamzin.

He enlarges the face, gives it strictly in front, refusing complex turns, details of the situation, elements of "everyday prose" in the portrait.

Tropinin lived in the heyday of romantic life-feeling. He, personally acquainted with Karl Bryullov and Pushkin, admired their work, empathized with their attitudes, which naturally affected their writing. Portrait of A.I. Baryshnikov under a tree against the backdrop of an evening landscape, a kind of reflective English dandy; Bryullov's portrait against the backdrop of smoking Vesuvius, portrait of V.M. Yakovlev with the stamp of disappointment and fatigue on his face.

But in general, romantic influences were alien to the sober character of Tropinin, he perceived them rather externally, paying tribute to the mood of the era. The most successful portrait of this group of works - portrait of A.S. Pushkin.

The portrait was ordered to the artist by Alexander Sergeevich himself and presented as an unexpected gift to his friend S.A. Sobolevsky. Tropinin invested a lot in this portrait. own feeling. Creativity and freedom - the ideas that underlie the guiding idea of ​​the portrait of Pushkin, were secret for the artist himself, who through incredible work overcame the entire class ladder of hierarchical Russian society.

In 1855, calm in Lately Vasily Andreevich's life was overshadowed by the loss of his beloved wife Anna Ivanovna, with whom he married in Kukavka about half a century ago. Shortly after the funeral, he moved to a house he bought across the Moscow River. And two years later, “On May 5, at 10 o’clock in the morning, artists, friends, relatives and admirers of Vasily Andreevich Tropinin converged and gathered in Polyanka to his small, cozy and pretty house. Never before has there been such a large gathering of people in the dwelling of a venerable artist who spent his whole life modestly, nobly, vigilantly, actively; many two, three people close to him came together to talk and listen to his wise speeches; - and on this day there was a crowd that was silent ... We saw off the deceased to the Vagankovo ​​cemetery. Snow and hail rushed in our faces; wayward northern spring, it seemed, wanted to remind that we are burying our northern artist who never melted in the Italian sun and therefore died in full memory ... ”recalls Shikhanovsky.

Artist Vasily Andreevich Tropinin biography. The artist was born into a peasant family on March 30, 1776, on the estate of Count Anton Sergeevich Minikh, which was located in the village of Korpovo in the vicinity of the Novgorod province. As often happened in those days, being the property of the count, Tropinin's father received freedom from slavery for his services in the service, and his serf family, consisting of the young artist Tropinin, was transferred to the ownership of Count Morkov I. I., who was related to Minikh, as part of the dowry with Minikh's daughter Natalia .

In the Morkov estate, Vasily Tropinin was entrusted with the management of the household. Then Morkov sent him to learn the craft of a confectioner. Everything would be fine, of course, but the count’s brother noticed the boy’s not a dozen drawing abilities and, having persuaded his brother to agree, began to persistently petition for Tropinin’s admission to the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg in 1798.

Having studied at the academy under the guidance of academician Stepan Semenovich Shchukin, until 1804 he achieved a silver and gold medal for his merits, at that time his notable work was the portrait "A boy yearning for a dead bird", the picture was exhibited at the academy and was to everyone's liking, that even touched the empress herself, which prompted the idea in the leadership of the academy about giving freedom to a serf artist. But by chance, this was not destined to come true, in connection with the death of Tropinin's father, at the request of his master, Count Morkov, he was forced to move to the new estate of the Count, who settled in Ukraine in a village with interesting name Kukavka.

In the estate, Tropinin was appointed manager of the count's estate. In absentia, the artist drew a lot, performed paintings entrusted by Morkov. prone to portrait painting, he painted portraits of people from his environment, simultaneously studying close images of the serfs. He married in 1807, Katina A.N. became his chosen one, soon they had a son named Arseny.

In 1809, "Portrait of Anna's Wife" was painted. In 1810, a picture was painted with romantic accents Boy with a pipe Portrait of I. Morkov, in the same year he painted a portrait of his son Portrait of Arseny. In general, the artist loves to draw children and often creates compositions with images of children along with various pets.

As we all know in 1812 by known reasons in Moscow there was a fire in this fire, and the house of Morkov suffered, in particular, the artist's paintings stored in this house also burned down along with other property. Tropinin was appointed count to leave for Moscow to restore art gallery with pictures of the count's family and household after the fire.

After 1821, the couple of Count Carkov moved to Moscow along with their subjects. Having lived a little in a more democratic Moscow, under pressure from his contemporaries, the count decides to give freedom to no longer the young artist Tropinin, but at the dawn of his creative powers and abilities. To celebrate, the artist works with rapture, improving his abilities in the free field and in 1823 exhibits new paintings to the audience. academic exhibition revealing a new style portraiture of that time, among which, pleasant to the perception of the picture of the Lacemaker, reflecting the comfort of life and beautiful image beauty of a girl slyly peering at the viewer. The work received a lot of forest reviews from contemporaries.

Also at the exhibition were exhibited paintings: "The beggar old man", "Portrait of the artist Skotnikov E.O.. For these works, Vasily Tropinin is awarded the title of appointed artist. greater artist does not lose heart and again, being in search of new pictorial solutions and having already gained experience and ingenuity of the artist, he paints a portrait of Leberecht Karl Alexandrovich. The painting was exhibited at the academy in 1824 and Vasily Andreevich Tropinin was awarded honorary title academician. In 1826, the creation of a portrait of "Golden Seamstress" In 1827, the artist creates a portrait famous poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

830 years - the greatest dawn of Vasily Tropinin's work, he receives many orders from the nobility, paints portraits of governors, officials of various ranks, famous actors and actresses of that time, a huge mass of merchants invited him to participate in various communities, he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, in 1843 he was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Art Union.

For my creative history the artist created just a huge number of portraits, according to art researchers, there are more than three thousand. It is safe to say Vasily Andreevich Tropinin lived a difficult but happy life sought-after artist, he died in 1857 in the spring of May 15, the artist was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

Tropinin's work is still being studied by many contemporaries, his paintings can be seen in various museums, and more recently in the 20th century in 1869, the Tropinin Museum was opened in Moscow in Shchetininsky lane, house 10, building. 1, founded by the Moscow collector Vishnevsky Felix Evgenievich

Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (March 19, 1776, Karpovo village, Novgorod province - May 3, 1857, Moscow) - Russian painter, master of romantic and realistic portraits.

BIOGRAPHY OF THE ARTIST

Vasily Tropinin was born on March 19, 1776 in the village of Karpovo, Novgorod province) into the family of a serf, Andrei Ivanovich, who belonged to Count Anton Sergeevich Minikh. The count gave A. I. Tropinin freedom, and all members of his family remained serfs and were transferred to Count Morkov as a dowry for eldest daughter- Natalia; Andrei Ivanovich was forced to enter the service of a new owner, who made him a steward.

Around 1798, Vasily was sent to train as a confectioner, however, the cousin of Count Morkov persuaded him to send the young man, who had a natural talent and a penchant for drawing, as a volunteer to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Here he studied with S. S. Schukin. During his studies at the Academy, Tropinin acquired the friendly disposition and respect of the best students: Kiprensky, Varnek, Skotnikov. At the academic exhibition of 1804, his painting “A Boy Yearning for His Dead Bird” was presented, which was noted by the Empress.

In 1804, he was recalled to the new estate of Count Morkov - to the Podolsk village of Kukavka in Ukraine - and became the manager of the estate instead of his deceased father. Here until 1812 he married; he had a son - Arseny. Until 1821 he lived mainly in Ukraine, where he painted a lot from life, then moved to Moscow with the Carrot family.

In 1823, at the age of 47, the artist finally got his freedom.

In September 1823, he presented the paintings "The Lacemaker", "The Beggar Old Man" and "Portrait of the Artist E. O. Skotnikov" to the Council of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and received the title of appointed artist. In 1824, for the "Portrait of K. A. Leberecht" he was awarded the title of academician. Since 1833, Tropinin has been working on a voluntary basis with students of the public school that opened in Moscow. art class(subsequently Moscow School painting, sculpture and architecture).

In 1843 he was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Art Society. In total, Tropinin created more than three thousand portraits.

In 1969, the "Museum of V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time" was opened in Moscow.

CREATION

Tropinin's early works are restrained in color scheme and classically static in composition. The artist's works are attributed to romanticism. During this period, the master also creates expressive local, Little Russian images-types.

While in St. Petersburg, he was among the townspeople, small and medium-sized landowners, from whom he later began to paint portraits, which led him to realism. The author, unlike romantic portrait painters, tried to emphasize the typicality of the characters. But at the same time, he sympathized with them, which resulted in the image of internal attractiveness. For the same purpose, Tropinin tried not to show the obvious social affiliation of people. Such works of the artist as "Lacemaker", "Guitarist" and others belong to the "portrait-type". Tropinin portrayed specific person, and through it I tried to show everything typical for this circle of people.

They seem to reflect some moments of higher insight, when the artist, with a unique and already unique ease and freedom, seems to sing a song given to him by nature.

In them - freshness, unspent mental strength, integrity and inviolability inner peace, love for people, stock of goodness.

In these canvases, the properties of his nature are manifested, broad, true to his calling, supportive of someone else's misfortune, forgiving many hardships. worldly prose. Tropinin left people a trace of his humane and, perhaps, somewhat ingenuous view of the world.

Over time, in his canvases, starting with the reverently sincere Portrait of his son (c. 1818, ibid.), a purely romantic feeling of the moving elements of life is affirmed. Such is the invisibly-visibly immersed in the creative element, as if listening to the muse of A.S. Pushkin in famous portrait 1823 (All-Russian Museum Pushkin, Pushkin). Tropinin continues the line of typical portraiture, in particular in the famous Lacemaker (1823, ibid.), captivating with her sentimental and poetic appearance. Turning to the genre, "nameless" image (Guitarist, 1823, ibid; and many others), he usually, consolidating his success, repeats the composition in several versions. He also varies his self-portraits many times.

Over the years, the role of the spiritual atmosphere, the "aura" of the image - expressed by the background, significant details - only increases. best example can serve as Self-Portrait with Brushes and Palette 1846 (ibid.), where the artist imagined himself in front of a window with a spectacular view of the Kremlin. Whole line Tropinin dedicates works to fellow artists depicted in work or in contemplation (I.P. Vitali, c. 1833; K.P. Bryullov, 1836; both portraits in the Tretyakov Gallery; and others). At the same time, a specifically intimate, homely flavor is invariably inherent in Tropinin's style. Such, for example, are “robe portraits”, with models emphatically dressed, like Ravich, in an informal dress. IN popular woman in the window (based on the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov The Treasurer, 1841, ibid.), this laid-back sincerity acquires an erotic flavor. Later, it became a tradition to oppose the "domestic" poetics of Tropinin's paintings - as a special feature of Moscow romantic school in general - the "primness" of St. Petersburg.

- (1776 1857), Russian painter. Portraitist. Until 1823 he was a serf. Around 1798 he began to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, but in 1804 he was recalled by his landowner. From 1821 he lived permanently in Moscow. Already early portraits Tropinina are distinguished by intimacy ... ... Art Encyclopedia

Russian portrait painter. Until 1823 he was a serf. Around 1798 he began to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts under S. S. Shchukin, but in 1804 he was recalled by his landowner. Until 1821 he also lived on ... ... Big soviet encyclopedia

- (1776 1857) Russian painter. In portraits, he strove for a lively, unconstrained characterization of a person (portrait of a son, 1818; A. S. Pushkin, 1827; self-portrait, 1846), created a type of genre, somewhat idealized image of a person from the people ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Tropinin (Vasily Andreevich, 1780-1857), portrait painter, was born a serf of Count A. Markov, who subsequently set him free. Nine years old, he was appointed by his master as a pupil of the Imperial Academy of Arts, ... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (1776 1857), painter. Until 1823 he was a serf. In portraits, he strove for a lively, unconstrained characterization of a person (portrait of his son, 1818; "A. S. Pushkin", 1827; self-portrait, 1846), created a type of genre, somewhat idealized image ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Tropinin, Vasily Andreevich- V.A. Tropinin. Bulakhov's portrait. 1823. Tretyakov Gallery. Tropinin Vasily Andreevich (1776-1857), Russian painter. In portraits, he strove for a living, direct characterization of a person (portrait of a son, 1818; “A.S. Pushkin”, 1827); created... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Big biographical encyclopedia

Museum of V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time. Moscow. Tropinin Vasily Andreevich (1776 or 1780, the village of Karpovka, Novgorod province 1857, Moscow), painter. Until 1823, serf Count I.I. Carrot. Around 1798 he began to study in ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

- (1780 1857) portrait painter, born a serf c. A. Markov, who subsequently released him into the wild. Nine years old was determined by his master to be the pupils of Imp. Academy of Arts, was formed in it under the leadership of Shchukin and ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

- ... Wikipedia

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• Vasily Andreevich Tropinin The collection is dedicated to the work of the remarkable Russian artist V. A. Tropinin (1776-1857). The articles analyze the art of Tropinin and his contemporary Russian art, is being considered...
• Vasily Andreevich Tropinin. Research, materials, . The collection is dedicated to the work of the remarkable Russian artist V. A. Tropinin. The articles analyze the art of Tropinin and contemporary Russian art, the question of…

Tropinin is an excellent portrait painter of the 19th century. A whole series of paintings is dedicated to children's portraits. The artist was very fond of children. He saw in children pure in soul and dreamy people. Vasily Andreevich painted a portrait series belonging to the […]

The great Russian artist Tropinin differs from other masters of painting in that he complements each painting of a certain direction with his characteristic detail and technique. The heroes, who were embodied in the paintings of the artist, are depicted in luxury […]

Tropinin was born and raised in the Novgorod province. Received education in the ordinary public school. Also in early childhood he showed artistic ability. However, Count Carrot considered it necessary to send Vasily Tropinin to study confectionery […]

Tropinin is one of those artists whose work was influenced by the trends of such a trend as sentimentalism. This direction was supposed to reflect in the works the cult of nature and sincere emotions and human feelings. The artist was inspired by nature […]

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was not only a legendary writer, talented poet, an excellent translator, but also an excellent historian. He had a great influence on the formation of language and literary culture countries. It was he who translated many works [...]

For this picture, Vasily Andreevich Tropinin received the title of academician. The artist was an incredibly talented portrait painter who lived and worked in Moscow. He painted portraits of the most noble people of the capital, besides, he captured […]

This work, dates back to 1850. At that time, the glory of its author - Vasily Tropinin, a magnificent portrait painter, who became the founder of a new unique household genre, unfortunately, is slowly fading away. However, this state of affairs is […]