Control testing in history on the topic “Education, culture and science of Russia in the 18th-19th centuries. History Test on Education and Science
Russian culture XVIII century.
1. The legislative act of Peter I on the reform of church administration and the subordination of the church to the state was called:
a) "Table of Ranks",
b) "Decree on single inheritance",
c) "Spiritual regulation",
d) command.
2. Connect the names of the sculptors with their works:
1 F. I. Shubin a) “ Bronze Horseman»
2 M. I. Kozlovsky b) "Minin and Pozharsky"
3 I. P. Martos c) "Samson..."
4 E.M. Falcone d) "A. V. Suvorov"
e) "Bust of M. V. Lomonosov"
3. What was the name of the first Russian printed newspaper:
a) news
b) "Chimes",
c) Vedomosti?
4. Name the state document that determined the procedure for the passage of civil, military and court service by the nobles.
5. Name the first Russian book that taught good manners:
A) “Butts, how compliments are written”,
b) "Symbols and Emblem",
c) "An honest mirror of youth."
6. Buildings of St. Petersburg of the time of Peter the Great, which have survived to this day (find the odd one and underline):
The building of 12 colleges, the Shlisselburg fortress, the Menshikov Summer Palace, the Hermitage Palace, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Kunstkamera, Peter-Pavel's Fortress.
7. Name the scientist who revived the forgotten art of mosaic in Rus':
a) Kulibin
b) Lomonosov
c) Tatishchev
8. Under Elizabeth Petrovna, three decrees were issued that had great importance for Russian culture, remember their names:
a) 1755,
b) 1756,
c) 1757
9. The main signs of classicism (find the extra):
a) Exemption from religious-church morality,
b) Rationalism,
c) Appeal to antiquity,
d) dynamism,
e) Rigid regulation of the creative process.
10. The main goals of "Enlightenment" (find the extra):
a) The introduction of just laws,
b) Enlightenment of the nation,
c) Propaganda national idea,
Propaganda of the great truths of freedom.
11. In the XVIII century, historical knowledge develops. Notable historians were (find the odd):
F. Polikarpov, G. Miller, N. Novikov, A. Mankiev, L. Schlozer, K. Kavelin, M. Lomonosov.
12. Match the names of scientists with their achievements:
1 G. I. Shelikhov a) the founder of epidemiology;
2 Samoilovich D. S. b) description of the Aleutian Islands;
3 I. P. Kulibin c) universal steam engine;
4 I. I. Polzunov d) the father of domestic astronomy;
5 Razumovsky S. Ya. e) a single-arch wooden bridge across the Neva,
prostheses for the disabled
13. About whom in question?
He was a poet, playwright and classicist theorist. 9 tragedies and 12 comedies belong to his pen, he is rightfully considered the creator of the Russian theater. His most famous tragedies are: "Dmitry the Pretender", "Khorev". This man published the first Russian literary magazine"Hard working bee"
14. In the last quarter of the 18th century, the formation of a national composer school in Russia. Match composers and musical genres:
1 Kozlovsky O. A. a) spiritual choral singing
2 Bortnyansky D. S. b) lyric song
3 Fomin E. I. c) opera
4 Sokolovsky M. M.
5 Berezovsky M.S.
15. Name the term:
The style and direction in literature and art, which turned to the ancient heritage as a norm and ideal, was based on the ideas of rationalism, on ideas about the rational laws of the world, proclaimed sublime heroic and moral ideals, strove for a strict organization of images, pursued an educational program of art.
16. Match the names of famous travelers and their discoveries:
1 Krasheninnikov S. P. a) Severny sea route
2 Laptev brothers b) description of Kamchatka
3 Atlasov V. c) expedition to Siberia and Far East
4 Krylov I. A. d) "Felitsa"
5 Derzhavin G. R. e) Philomena
Thank you for your work!
Key
1-in
2 1 –e; 2 – c, d; 3 - b; 4 - a.
3 - in
4 "Table of Ranks"
5 - in
6 - Menshikov Summer Palace
7 - b
8 a) - opening of Moscow University
b) - the opening of the theater
c) - opening of the Academy of Arts
9 - g
10 - a
11 - N. Novikov
12 1-b; 2 - a; 3 - d; 4 - in; 5 - g
13 Sumarokov
14 1-b; 2 - a; 3 - d; 4 - in; 5 - a
15 classicism
16 1-in; 2 - a; 3 - b; 4 - d; 5 - g
36 - 32 points = "5"
31 - 27 points = "4"
26 - 22 points = "3"
21 points or less = "2"
Features of the development of Russian culture in the XVIII century,
The 18th century is a time of great change. The centuries-old process of development of Russian culture is entering a new stage of its development. Locality and class limitations are being overcome, a national culture is being formed. It is the secular direction that becomes decisive: secular education is created, the process of accumulating knowledge enters the final stage: transformation into science; a new, close to colloquial literary language, national Russian literature appears, the number of printed publications; masterpieces of church architecture are being created, in which elements of civil architecture are clearly traced; development of painting and sculpture. It is important that in the second half of the XVIII century. Enlightenment thought is formed and the ideas of the Enlightenment penetrate deeply into all spheres of the cultural process.
Education and science
The persistent need for specialists, which the church school could not provide, leads to the creation of secular education. Special schools were the first to appear under Peter I (School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, First Medical School, Mining School, Engineering School, etc.).
Estate schools. Back in the 30s. schools dominated the education system closed type, primarily for the nobles, who were under the special care of the government. The network of theological educational institutions also lost the character of an all-estate structure (eparchial schools). The most common type for this time primary schools were garrison schools. The system of estate schools in the last quarter of the 18th century. looked like this:
- for the nobility - gentry corps (land, sea, artillery, engineering, page), noble pensions;
- for the clergy - theological academies, diocesan schools;
- for merchants - commercial schools;
- for raznochintsev - Academy of Arts. Mining, Medical, Navigator schools, craft school;
- for soldiers' children - soldiers' schools.
Reforms in the field of education in the 60-80s. 18th century
One of the ideologists of reforms in the field of education was Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy. Since 1764, he was in charge of the Academy of Arts, was the author of the draft of the new charter of the Academy, approved on November 4, 1764. An educational school was created at the Academy, where boys from the age of 6 were admitted.
In 1763 I.I. Betskoy presented to Catherine II the "General Institution for the Education of Both Sexes of Youth" - a project for the transformation of educational institutions. It proposed to organize closed educational institutions for the education of children from 6 to 18 years old, in strict isolation from the "vices of society", including the limited communication of pupils with parents and relatives. Education had to combine physical and intellectual exercises, take into account the individual abilities of students. Corporal punishment was forbidden.
When opening institutions, the class principle was taken into account. For children of the nobility, privileged corps, "schools for noble maidens" relied. For raznochintsy, a school at the Academy of Arts and educational houses were provided.
Not daring to make such global changes, Catherine, nevertheless, established on September 1, 1763 an Orphanage "for the unfortunate" in Moscow. The orphan education program was also developed by I.I. Betsky. The most capable children were planned to be taught Latin and pharmacy, as well as drawing, foreign languages. On September 6, 1772, a similar educational home was established in St. Petersburg. The most diligent and talented pupils of orphanages later studied at Moscow University. Academy of Arts, girls - at the petty-bourgeois department of the Smolny Institute. Overall, however, the experience was rather unsuccessful.
On May 5, 1764, the Educational Society for Noble Maidens in St. Petersburg (Smolny Institute) was established. In 1765, a department for petty-bourgeois girls was opened.
In 1772, an educational institution for merchant children was set up in Moscow in a similar way. Prokopy Demidov was its organizer. The charter of the commercial school was approved on December 6, 1772.
Also the ideas of I.I. Betsky were reflected in the charter of the gentry cadet land corps, approved on September 11, 1766.
Estate schools did not satisfy the needs for literate and educated people, and from the 80s. the government begins the creation of general educational institutions.
As an expert, a well-known teacher and follower of the ideas of Ya.A. Comenius F.I. Yankovic, who had experience in the field of reforming the education system. In 1872, a Commission was formed on the establishment of public schools, chaired by P.V. Zavadovsky, who was instructed to: I) draw and gradually implement overall plan public schools, 2) train teachers, and 3) translate into Russian or recompose the necessary teaching manuals. The plan for the establishment of public schools was approved on September 21, 1782. At the same time, F.I. Yankovich took the post of director of the St. Petersburg main public school, which focused on the training of teachers.
In 1786, according to the "Charter of public schools", the main public schools were established, 4-grade (in provincial cities) and small public schools 2-class (in county towns). The "Charter" also provided for the creation of a unified system of secular schools from small public schools to the university.
Development continues higher education. On January 25, 1755, Moscow University was opened with two gymnasiums, which became the center of Russian education. Unlike European universities, education in it was free and for all classes (except for serfs). Initially, there was no theological faculty and teaching was conducted in Russian. Laboratories, a library, and a printing house are being created at the university. The growing need for qualified teaching staff led to the creation of the Pedagogical Seminary at Moscow University (1779) and the St. Petersburg main (folk school (1782), later transformed into the Pedagogical Institute in St.
The creation and expansion of the network of schools required the appearance of new textbooks. They were developed by the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University. The following were created: “The first foundations of metallurgy or ore affairs”, “Rhetoric”, “A Brief Russian Chronicler”, “Russian Grammar” by M.V. Lomonosov, "Geographic and historical description Russian Empire» H.A. Chebotarev.
The development of science was also associated with the spread of education. The main centers of scientific activity during this period were the Academy of Sciences, the Mining School in St. Petersburg (1773). Kyiv Academy. Already in the second half of the XVIII century. domestic science has reached the pan-European level thanks to the activities of such scientists as Euler, D. Bernoulli. A special role in the formation and development of Russian science belongs to M.V. Lomonosov, whose scientific activity was distinguished by extraordinary versatility (his works are known in the field of mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, philology, history).
Special development in the XVIII century. received the natural sciences: in the 20-50s. The Academy of Sciences carried out the Great Northern Expedition (exploration of the Arctic Ocean, northeast Asia and northwest America, Kamchatka). In the 60-80s. a comprehensive expedition was carried out to explore the north of the European part of Russia (the Volga region, the Urals, Southern Siberia). The result of these expeditions was the compilation of maps of the country: 1731 - the first Russian geographical atlas; 1745 - publication of the Russian Atlas. The development of mathematics (L. Euler, D. Bernoulli, M.V. Lomonosov), medicine (D.S. Samoilovich, K.I. Shchepin, S.G. Zabelin), chemistry (M.V. Lomonosov, V.M. Severgin).
In the second half of the XVIII century. there is a rise in technical thought, associated primarily with the activities of outstanding Russian inventors - I.I. Polzunov (creation of a steam engine) and I.P. Kulibin (project of a single-arch bridge across the Neva, creation of watch and optical mechanisms). Also known are the inventions of the master K.D. Frolova (first hydraulic machine), A.K. Nartov (created new machines for drilling the gun barrel, a lifting mechanism, new ways of casting guns).
In more difficult conditions, the formation took place humanities: less attention was paid to them at the Academy of Sciences, and they developed mainly outside the Academy. A significant step forward was made by legal science, linguistics and, above all, history. The largest historians of this time were V.N. Tatishchev (“Russian History”, which marked the beginning of the Russian historical science), MM. Shcherbatov (“Russian History”, distinguished by a conservative political concept), I.II. Boltin (“Notes on the history of ancient and present Russia by G. Leclerc” with new and important observations regarding the Norman theory, the generality of the historical process, and the process and reasons for the formalization of serfdom).
During this period, historical local history was also born: V.V. Krestinin (works on the history of Pomorie), P.I. Rychkov (the author of the history of the Orenburg region), the publication of documents and historical works begins.
Socio-political thought. Literature
All spheres of the spiritual life of Russia in the middle and second half of the 18th century. permeate the ideas of the Enlightenment (the philosophical movement represented by Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, main idea which was improved human personality). Enlighteners assigned a decisive role in the implementation of ideals to an enlightened monarch, capable of transforming the country on a reasonable, humane basis. That is why the question of the nature of state power remained one of the most important (the ideology of “enlightened absolutism” is being formed). The ideas of the Enlightenment were so popular that they were equally accepted by representatives of conservative thought (A.P. Sumarokov, M.M. Shcherbatov), liberal (N.I. Novikov, D.I. Fonvizin) and revolutionary (A.N. Radishchev) .
A feature of the Russian enlightenment was an anti-serf orientation. This trend was reflected primarily in the activities of N.I. Novikov (1744-1818) - the largest publisher and journalist (publisher of the satirical magazines "Truten", "Painter", "Purse") and A.N. Radishchev (1749-1802), who stood on the position of radical enlightenment (“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow”),
30s 18th century the time of the emergence of a new spiritual and social movement of freemasonry. His penetration into Russia is associated with a certain disappointment in enlightenment rationalism and the search for ways out of the moral impasse. The movement consisted of several "parties" (French, English, Knights, Illuminati), common feature which were religious and moral quests.
18th century literature represented by three areas: classicism, the work of A.P. Sumarokov (tragedy "Dmitry the Pretender", comedies
"Guardian", "Likhoimets"); artistic and realistic - the formation of this direction is associated with the work of D.I. Fonvizin (comedies "Brigadier" and "Undergrowth"); sentimentalism - N.M. Karamzin (story "Poor Liza"). Sentimentalism is characterized by showing the feelings of an ordinary person, the idealization of reality.
Architecture
In the first half of the 17th] century, baroque dominated in architecture, distinguished by brilliance and luxury. characteristic feature Russian baroque is an alloy European styles(classicism and rococo) and domestic traditions.
In St. Petersburg, the largest architect of this direction was F.B. Rastrelli (Palace of M.I. Vorontsov, Grand Palace in Peterhof, the Great Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, Winter Palace, complex of the Smolny Monastery). One of the outstanding achievements of Rastrelli is the creation of complexes of ceremonial interiors (an abundance of gold, light, stucco, bronze, mirrors).
Baroque buildings were also being created in Moscow, which were distinguished by calmer architectural forms. The largest architect who worked in this direction in Moscow is D.V. Ukhtomsky (bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra).
In the 60s. the baroque is being replaced by classicism, which used ancient traditions and was distinguished by its noble and majestic simplicity (classicism is a style in literature and art XVIII- the beginning of the 19th century, who turned to the ancient heritage as a norm and an ideal model).
In the development of classicism in the second half of the XVIII century. two steps can be followed:
- early classicism (60-80s), when leading value had public buildings, the architectural forms of which determined the character of all other buildings;
- strict classicism (80-90s), when private palaces and manor buildings with an inherent traditional scheme prevailed.
The largest architects of classicism:
- in St. Petersburg: D. Quarenghi (Assignation Bank, Academy of Sciences, English Palace in Peterhof, Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo); Lvov N.A. (Main post office in St. Petersburg); C. Cameron (the creator of palace and park ensembles in the suburbs of St. Petersburg (in Tsarskoye Selo, the Cameron Gallery, in Pavlovsk), I.E. Staroye (Tauride Palace);
- in Moscow: V.I. Bazhenov (project of the Kremlin Palace, palace and park ensemble in Tsaritsyno (pseudo-Gothic style). Pashkov House); M.F. Kazakov (Petrovsky Palace, the Senate building in the Moscow Kremlin, the building of Moscow University on Mokhovaya, Golitsyn Hospital).
Painting
Russian painting enters new stage its development, expressed primarily in the improvement portrait painting and in the emergence of previously absent genres: landscape, historical, domestic. The flourishing of portraiture is associated with numerous orders from the court and nobles. This genre developed in two directions: formal portrait and chamber portrait. Outstanding Artists of this genre are: F.S. Rokotov (portraits of V.B. Novoseltseva, A.I. Struyskaya), D, G, Levitsky (series of portraits “Smolyanka”, portraits of Diderot, M.A. Dyakova); V.L. Borovikovsky (portraits by N.A. Naryshkina, M.A. Orlova, M.I. Lopukhina). The beginning of genre painting was laid by the work of M. Shibanov, who created paintings from peasant life("Peasant Lunch", "Collusion"), Ancestor landscape painting is S.F. Shchedrin (landscapes of Pavlovsk and St. Petersburg), F.Ya. Alekseev ("Red Square"). The first paintings in the historical genre were created by A.P. Losenko ("Vladimir and Rogneda", "Farewell of Hector to Andromache"),
Sculpture
Sculpture in the 18th century achieves remarkable success. Among Russian sculptors, F.I. Shubin, representing the realistic trend in sculpture, who was a master of sculptural portraiture (portraits of Orlov, Zubov, Potemkin, Pavel 1, Lomonosov, etc.), and M.I. Kozlovsky - the founder of Russian classicism in sculpture, who considered it his main task to reveal the image by means used by sculptors ancient rome(monument to A.V. Suvorov, sculpture “Samson tearing apart the mouth of a lion”).
The largest of the foreign sculptors E. Falcone created a monument to Peter I ("The Bronze Horseman").
Theater
In the second half of the XVIII century. the formation of the Russian theater. The following were created: in 1756, a Russian theater for the performance of tragedies and comedies (the head of the troupe was F. Volkov, a brilliant actor, poet, playwright, musician); in 1779 private theater on the Tsaritsyn Meadow under the guidance of famous actor N.P. Dmitrievsky; in 1780, the Petrovsky Theater, whose repertoire, along with drama, included opera and ballet performances. big development the fortress theater also received (for example, the theater of I.A. Sheremetev is the most famous).
In the last third of the century, the formation of a national school of composers began. Appears chamber lyrical genre(Russian song). Opera becomes the leading genre in music (M.M. Sokolovsky "The Miller - a sorcerer, a deceiver and a matchmaker", V.I. Fomin "Orpheus", etc.).
culture Russia XVIII century. 1 option.
1. Moscow University was founded in:
1) 1755 2) 1687 3) 1725 4) 1762
2. The name of the architect of the author of the projects of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and the Great Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo:
3. Which of the following individuals were outstanding portrait painters of the 18th century?
1) F. Rokotov, R. Levitsky
2) V. Bazhenov, M. Kazakov
3) V. Rastrelli, I. Starov
4) V. Trediakovsky, A. Sumarokov
4. Kamchatka expeditions in the first half of the 18th century, which paved the eastern sea route from Russia to North America, led by:
1) V. Bering: 2) S. Khabarov; 3) S. Dezhnev; 4) V. Atlasov.
5. Creator of the first Russian professional theater was
1) D.I. Fonvizin 2) F.P. Shubin 3) F.G. Volkov 4) V.I. Bazhenov
6. The publisher of the satirical magazines "Truten", "Painter" was (a):
Catherine II
E. R. Dashkova
A.N. Radishchev
N.I. Novikov
7. Set match:
Lomonosov A) theater
Kulibin B) science
Borovikovsky B) architecture
Rastrelli D) technique
D) painting
8. Which building does not belong to classicism:
Moscow University building
Pashkov's house
Tauride Palace
Smolny Monastery
9. The initiator of the creation of Moscow University was (a) ...
1) Empress Catherine II
2) E.R. Vorontsova-Dashkova
3) M.V. Lomonosov
4) G.A. Potemkin
10. Specify the correct match
architectural monument architect
1) Winter Palace a) V. Bazhenov
2) Tauride Palace b) V. Rastrelli
3) Ladies of the Noble Assembly in Moscow c) D. Ukhtomsky
4) Pashkov House d) M. Kazakov
11. Who are we talking about?
Self-taught mechanic, whom G. R. Derzhavin called the "Archimedes of our" days. Ekaterina P appointed him a mechanic at the Academy of Sciences. Under his leadership, various machine tools, devices, tools were manufactured in the mechanical workshop. He did a lot for the royal court. So, a striking sight is presented by his “egg figure” clock, which is stored in Petersburg Hermitage. Clock mechanism still fixed
D. S. Bortnyansky, V. A. Pashkevich, E. I. Fomin
13. What is extra in a row?
Buildings erected according to the projects of M. V. Kazakov: the Senate in the Moscow Kremlin, Moscow University, the Golitsyn and Pavlovsk hospitals, the Tauride Palace, the house of the princes Dolgoruky
Russian culture of the 18th century. Option 2.
1. The Academy of Sciences in Russia was founded in:
1755 2)1725 3) 1757 4) 1762
2. The name of the architect - the author of the projects of the Senate in the Kremlin, Moscow University:
1) V. I. Bazhenov; 2) V. V. Rastrelli; 3M. F. Kazakov; 4) And E. Starov.
3. Russian architects of the XVIII century:
Tatishchev, Shcherbatov
Kazakov, Bazhenov
Shubin, Argunov
Kulibin, Polzunov
4. Author of "Description of the land of Kamchatka":
Bering
Chirikov
Krasheninnikov
Atlases
5. Which of the representatives of the Russian nobility had a famous serf theater:
Menshikovs
Sheremetyevs
Dolgoruky
Osterman
6. "A rebel worse than Pugachev" Catherine II called
Biron 2) Radishchev 3) Novikov 4) Bazhenov
7. Set match:
Derzhavin A) theater
Rokotov B) painting
Bazhenov B) technique
Polzunov D) literature
D) architecture
8. Whose literary creativity refers to the direction of sentimentalism:
Trediakovsky
Derzhavin
Karamzin
Fonvizina
9. The creation of Moscow University is associated with the activities of:
N.I. Novikov and Catherine II
F. Prokopovich Peter I
M.V. Lomonosov and I.I. Shuvalova
A.T. Bolotova and E.R. Dashkova
10. Match:
Tatishchev A) "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow"
Radishchev B) "Russian History"
Levitsky C) The painting "Catherine the legislator"
Bazhenov G) comedy "Undergrowth"
D) Pashkov's house
11. Who are we talking about?
To whom A. S. Pushkin dedicated these lines: “Combining extraordinary will power with extraordinary power of concepts, he embraced all branches of education. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this passionate soul. Historian, rhetorician, mechanic, chemist, mineralogist, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything ... "
12. By what principle is a series formed?
Literacy schools, gymnasiums, closed educational establishments, vocational schools.
13. What (who) is superfluous in a row?
Portrait painters A. P. Antropov, N. I. Argunov, F. I. Shubin, F. S. Rokotov, D. G. Levitsky, V. L. Borovikovsky
Surname, name _____________________________________.
M.V., created in ________, became the center of education. Lomonosov and I.I. Shuvalov ____________________ University.
In _________ The Academy of _________ was established.
In 1764, the Institute of Noble Maidens was founded for noble daughters.
An outstanding Russian scientist of the 18th century is ____________________ (1711–1765).
The creation of the Academy of Sciences in 1725 attracted European scientists to Russia: mathematicians ___________, _________________. The pupils of the Academy were: mathematician and astronomer ______________________________, naturalist and ethnographer _____________________, philosopher ______________________________.
Published "Atlas of the Russian Empire". ___________________ developed the basics of agronomy. In 1741, a sea expedition _________ explored the northwestern coast of America.
Historian _____________________ wrote "Russian history from the most ancient times."
The mechanic ______________ built the first steam engine.
He developed projects for an elevator, a "self-running carriage", a 298-meter single-arch bridge across the Neva.
Mechanic ________________ designed the world's first screw-cutting lathe.
Master-casters ________________ made the "Tsar Bell" weighing 200 tons.
Architect _______________________ built the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Created sculptural composition"Empress Anna Ioannovna with a black boy".
Architects worked in the style of classicism: ______________ (Pashkov House), ________________ (Tauride Palace), _______________ (the Senate building in the Kremlin, Moscow University, the house of Princes Dolgoruky - "House of the Unions").
Sculptor __________________ - created a monument to Peter I ("The Bronze Horseman"),
Sculptor ___________________ - created a monument to Suvorov on the Field of Mars.
The talent of a wonderful serf actress shone in the Sheremetev Theater ... _______________
The largest Russian enlighteners of the 18th century were: 1) I. Kulibin, I. Polzunov; 2) F. Rokotov, D. Levitsky; 3) N. Novikov, A. Radishchev; 4) V. Bazhenov, M. Kazakov.
Match the names of Russian inventors with the names of their inventions.
INVENTORS OF THE INVENTION
1) I.P. Kulibin A) steam engine
2) I.I. Polzunov B) optical telegraph (semaphore)
3) K.D. Frolov V) radio
4) A.K. Nartov D) hydraulic machine
D) gun barrel drilling machines
See continuation of test 22
CONTINUE TEST 22
Russian artist XVIII c.: 1) A.I. Kuindzhi 2) A.A. Ivanov 3) V.G. Perov 4) A.P. Losenko 5) N.K. Roerich.
Russian writer of the late XVIII - early XIX centuries
1) G.R. Derzhavin 2) N.V. Gogol 3) P.A. Fedotov 4) M.F. Kazakov 5) G.F. Miller.
One of the trends in literature and art of the 18th century, characterized by an appeal to the ancient heritage as a model, is called
Indicate the correct sequence of construction of architectural monuments: A) Pashkov House in Moscow B) St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv; B) Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma;
D) Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye; D) the Church of the Intercession at Fili in Moscow.
Arrange the following monuments of architecture in chronological order of creation.
Winter Palace in St. Petersburg; - Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir; - Novodevichy Convent in Moscow; - Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv; - St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow
Artist 2nd floor. XVIII century: 1) V.G. Perov; 2) G.G. Myasoedov; 3) P.A. Fedotov; 4) D. G. Levitsky.
Define the genre of the painting by the artist of the late 18th century Mikhail Ivanov by its title: "An olive tree with fittings hanging on it, under which the military, shepherds and shepherds have fun." (Its full name: “Olive tree, on which cuirasses, bags and other military signs are hung with the name of Her Majesty on them, and under them are several military people and shepherds with shepherdesses playing their instruments and having fun, decorated with sunshine, forest , fields and streams).
Answer: -realism, -sentimentalism, -classicism, -modernism
Russian poet of the second half of the 18th century: 1) A.P. Sumarokov 2) D.G. Levitsky 3) A.A. Alyabiev 4) V.G. Perov 5) A.P. Fet.
Fill in the gaps: The story (title) __________________________ caused a shock in Russia and turned (author's name) ________________________ into the very popular writer. The pond, in which ___________________ allegedly drowned herself, became the site of mass suicides of girls who were disappointed in love. The police even had to cordon off the pond, which gave rise to an epigram:
“Here the bride of Erast threw herself into the pond,
Drown, girls, there's plenty of room in the pond!"
Test "Culture and education in the middle - second halfXVIIIV.".
1. The largest Russian scientist-encyclopedist:
1.M.I.Shein 2.M.V.Lomonosov 3.G.V.Rikhman 4.S.P.Krasheninnikov
2. The opening of the Academy of Sciences of Russia took place in:
1. 1724 2. 1725 3. 1730 4.1745
3. A trend in literature and art, characterized by an appeal to the ancient heritage as a model:
1. Baroque 2. Romanticism 3. Classicism 4. Realism
4. Founder of the first Russian professional theater:
1. F.G.Volkov 2. D.I.Fonvizin 3. G.I.Ugryumov 4. G.R.Derzhavin
5. Indicate the correct statements:
a) The Academy of Sciences in Russia was not only scientific, but also training center
b) the main form of education for the lower strata was vocational schools
c) belonging to a certain class did not interfere with the receipt of any education in Russia
d) the founder of sentimentalism in Russian literature was N. M. Karamzin
e) for the first time in the eighteenth century. street numbering appeared
f) Western European clothing in the second half of the 18th century. introduced into the upper strata of society by force
g) men and women from the upper strata of society were required to wear powdered wigs
h) widespread in the second half of the eighteenth century. received the assemblies
i) leisure of peasants and ordinary townspeople by the end of the 18th century. was very varied
j) one of the most popular activities of the nobility was collecting
6. Who are we talking about?
To whom A. S. Pushkin dedicated these lines: “Combining the extraordinary strength of will with the extraordinary power of concepts, he embraced all branches of education. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this passionate soul. Historian, rhetorician, mechanic, chemist, mineralogist, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything ... ".
7. Who is superfluous in a row:
Portrait painters: 1. A.P.Antropov, 2. N.I.Argunov 3. F.I.Shubin 4. F.S.Rokotov 5. D.G.Levitsky, 6. V.L.Borovikovsky.
8. Mark architectural monuments relating to classicism:
1
2
3
