How long is Mozart's 6th symphony. Mozart biography

how many symphonies and operas did Mozart write and get the best answer

Answer from Glasha Ivanova[guru]
23 operas, more than 50 symphonies Operas "The Duty of the First Commandment" (Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebotes), 1767. Theatrical oratorio "Apollo and Hyacinthus" (Apollo et Hyacinthus), 1767 - student musical drama on the Latin text "Bastien and Bastienne" (Bastien und Bastienne), 1768. Another student piece, the singspiel. German version of the famous comic opera by J.-J. Rousseau - "The Village Sorcerer" "The Feigned Simple Woman" (La finta semplice), 1768 - an exercise in the opera-buffa genre on the libretto by Goldoni "Mithridates, King of Pontus" (Mitridate, re di Ponto) , 1770 - in the tradition of the Italian opera seria, based on the tragedy of Racine "Ascanius in Alba" (Ascanio in Alba), 1771. Opera serenade (pastoral) Betulia Liberata, 1771 - oratorio. Based on the story of Judith and Holofernes "The Dream of Scipio" (Il sogno di Scipione), 1772. Opera-serenade (pastoral) "Lucio Silla" (Lucio Silla), 1772. Opera-series "Thamos, King of Egypt" (Thamos, König in Ägypten), 1773, 1775. Music for Gebler's drama La finta giardiniera (La finta giardiniera), 1774-5 - again returning to the traditions of the opera-buff "The Shepherd King" (Il Re Pastore), 1775. Opera-serenade (pastoral ) "Zaide" (Zaide), 1779 (reconstructed by H. Chernovin, 2006) "Idomeneo, King of Crete" (Idomeneo), 1781 "Abduction from the Seraglio" (Die Entführung aus dem Serail), 1782. Singspiel "Cairo Goose" (L 'oca del Cairo), 1783 The Deceived Husband (Lo sposo deluso) The Theater Director (Der Schauspieldirektor), 1786. The musical comedy The Marriage of Figaro (Le nozze di Figaro), 1786. The first of the 3 great operas. In the genre of opera buff. "Don Giovanni" (Don Giovanni), 1787 "So do everyone" (Così fan tutte), 1789 "Mercy of Titus" (La clemenza di Tito), 1791 " magical flute» (Die Zauberflöte), 1791. Singspiel Other compositions of 17 masses, including: o Coronation Mass, KV 317 (1779) o Grand Mass in C minor, KV 427 (1782) o Requiem, KV 626 (1791 ) Mozart's manuscript. Dies irae from the Requiem More than 50 symphonies, including: o№ 31, KV 297 Parisian (1778) o№ 35, KV 385 Haffner (1782) o№ 36, KV 425 Linzskaya (1783) o№ 38, KV 504 Prague (1786) o№ 39, KV 543 (1788) o№ 40, KV 550 (1788) o№ 41, KV 551 Jupiter (1788) 27 concertos for piano and orchestra 6 concertos for violin Concerto for two violins and orchestra (1774) Concerto for violin and viola and orchestra (1779) 2 concertos for flute and orchestra (1778) o No. 1 in G major K. 313 (1778) o No. 2 in D major K. 314 Concerto for oboe and orchestra in C major K. 314 (1777) Concerto for clarinet and orchestra in A major K. 622 (1791) Concerto for bassoon and orchestra in B flat major K. 191 (1774) 4 concertos for horn and orchestra: o№ 1 D major K. 412 (1791) o No. 2 E-flat major K. 417 (1783) o No. 3 E-flat major K. 447 (between 1784 and 1787) o No. 4 E-flat major K. 495 (1786) 10 serenades for string orchestra, including: o Little Night Serenade (1787) 7 divertissements for orchestra Various ensembles for ear instruments Sonatas for various tools, trios, duets 19 piano sonatas 15 cycles of variations for piano Rondo, fantasies, pieces More than 50 arias Ensembles, choirs, songs

Although Mozart wrote more than 50 symphonies, some (early) ones have been lost. The great composer wrote his first symphony at the age of eight and created all his works in this genre in 25 years. It is difficult to ascertain whether Mozart wrote the symphonies, although there is a numbered list of 41 works. But three of them are recognized as creations of other composers, the authorship of the fourth is in doubt. Outside the official list, there are about 20 genuine symphonies, and Mozart, and many symphonic works, the authorship of which is in question.

Mozart's first symphonies served as an introduction or ending to a major piece of music. Later works in this musical genre became the main event of the concert evening.

Genre symphony invented Italian composers. In the 18th century, it was adopted by the music masters of Germany and Austria. Around 1760, the composers of the German lands began to add a minuet to the composition, placing it between the slow movement and the finale. The genre of the four-part symphony was born in their hands. Content complexity musical works forced composers to deepen the content of each of the four parts of the symphony. Thus, in the 18th century, the genre of the Viennese symphony was born.

In 1764, eight-year-old Mozart wrote his first symphony. He was already known in Europe as a prodigy performer. The original musical notation of the first symphony of the Austrian composer is now kept in the library of the Jagiellonian University (Krakow).

Wolfgang and his father Leopold traveled around Europe. In England, Mozart Sr. fell ill, and the father and son stayed in London. There the young musician wrote his first symphony, and a commemorative plaque on a house in Ebury Street recalls modern people about this event. Symphony No. 1 was first performed in February 1765. The musical composition of the young Mozart was influenced by the style of his father and the London-based composer Johann Christian Bach, with whom the Mozarts were familiar.

Mozart wrote the first symphonic works within the Italian tradition. But he was guided by the symphonies of Johann Christian Bach, a German who wrote under the influence of the Italian tradition. Mozart wrote under the influence of Bach while living and studying in London as a teenager. Bach alternated forte and piano at the beginning of his symphonies, and Mozart used this technique in most of his symphonic works.

In 1767 the young Mozart visited Vienna. Acquaintance with Vienna musical tradition enriched his musical compositions: a minuet appeared in the symphonies, and the string group was replenished with two violas. In 1768 young composer wrote four symphonies using the experience gained.

Between 1770 and 1773 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart worked hard and traveled. During this time he wrote 27 symphonies. In subsequent years, he did not write an essay in this genre. Finally, in 1778, while in Paris, the composer received an order to write a symphony for the opening concert season on the day of the feast of the Body of Christ in the "Spiritual Concerts". The new work involved the use a large number instruments, Mozart even wrote on the manuscript: "Symphony for ten instruments".

This work, which received the number KV297, Mozart wrote, focusing on French samples of symphonies. Returning to Salzburg, the composer composed two more works in this genre, close to the "Viennese style". In 1781 - 1788 Wolfgang lived in Vienna and in seven years in the capital of Austria he created five symphonic compositions.

In August 1788, Mozart completed work on the Jupiter symphony, which is the 41st and last in the official list of his symphonic compositions. The symphony received its name, as the composer's son Franz Mozart wrote, from the impresario Johann Salomon.

The reason has to do with music and the natural sciences. The finale of the work is reminiscent of Karl Ditters' symphony The Fall of Phaeton. Salomon knew that the Greeks called the planet Jupiter Phaethon, so with a bit of irony he gave Mozart's symphony a majestic name. Mozart's last symphony earned critical acclaim and was soon recognized as a masterpiece.

There is a list of 39 symphonies that were originally attributed to the Austrian composer. His authorship was later rejected or questioned.

There are several reasons why some pieces of music have been erroneously attributed to Mozart:

• The young Austrian copied the scores of other composers in order to study them. When recordings of symphonies made by Mozart's hand were discovered, they were erroneously attributed to him. So Wolfgang was credited with several works of his father Leopold Mozart.
• Having become a recognized composer, Mozart included symphonies by young musicians in the scores for his concerts. Although he presented the authentic author to the public, confusion sometimes persisted.
• In the 18th century, there were few published notations of music, which were widely circulated in handwritten versions, which contributed to confusion.
• Some of Mozart's symphonies have been lost. Therefore, the finds of manuscripts of musical works in places associated with the Austrian maestro were hastily attributed to him until refutation was found.

The complexity of the question of how many symphonies Mozart wrote shows that even a genius at the beginning of his journey is not free from imitation. The confusion with the symphonies attributed to the composer is partly due to his student experiences, when he used the works of other masters.

The national pride of Austria, the greatest mystery of the Creator, the symbol of Genius is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. His life and death left more questions than answers. Its history is overgrown with legends and myths. Hundreds of books have been written about him. But it is unlikely that we will ever come close to unraveling this phenomenon. Mystery at brilliant composer really a lot and one of them is the so-called "Mozart Effect". Scientists are racking their brains trying to find the answer to the question why exactly the music of a genius has such a beneficial effect on human health? Why, listening to his works, we calm down and begin to think better? How much does Mozart's music make it easier for patients suffering from serious illnesses? One hundred thousand why, to which even after hundreds of years no one can give a clear answer.

Brief biography Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and many interesting facts read about the composer on our page.

short biography

Usually in biography famous people children's years are described in passing, they mention some funny or tragic cases that influenced the formation of character. But in the case of Mozart, the story about his childhood is a story about the concert and composing activities of a full-fledged musician and virtuoso performer, author of instrumental compositions.

He was born on January 27, 1756 in the family of violinist and teacher Leopold Mozart. The father had a huge influence on the formation of his son as a person and musician. All their lives they were bound by the most tender affection, even the phrase of Wolfgang is known: “After the pope, only the Lord.” Wolfgang and his older sister Maria Anna, who was called Nannerl at home, never attended a public school, all education, including not only music, but also arithmetic, writing, reading, was given to them by their father. He was a born teacher, his methodological manual for learning to play the violin published dozens of times for a long time considered the best.

From the birth of little Wolfgang, he was surrounded by an atmosphere of creativity, musical sounds and permanent employment. Father worked with Nannerl on harpsichord and the violin, 3-year-old Wolfi watched them with jealousy and delight: well, when will daddy let him practice? For him, it was all a game - to pick up melodies, harmonies by ear. So, while playing, his music lessons began, to which he devoted himself completely.

According to Mozart's biography, already at the age of 4, he draws scribbles on music paper, which infuriates his father, but anger quickly turns into amazement - the notes that look chaotic on paper add up to an unpretentious, but literate piece from the point of view of harmony. Leopold immediately understands the highest talent that God has awarded his son.

In those days, a musician could count on quite good life if he finds a patron and receives permanent job. For example, having taken the position of bandmaster at the court or the house of a noble nobleman. Then music was an integral part of the social and secular life. And Leopold decides to go with performances to the cities of Europe in order to gain fame for his son so that later he can be honored better fate. He expected already now to enlist attention to the extraordinary talent of the child.

The Mozarts (father, son and daughter) set off on their first journey at the beginning of 1762, when Wolfgang was 6 years old and his sister was 10. Wonder children everywhere met with the most enthusiastic reception, they amazed the audience with their performing skills and abilities. The father sought to give their performances as much effect as possible. Maria Anna performed the most technically complex musical pieces, which are not subject to every experienced harpsichordist. Wolfgang did not just play virtuoso at all - they blindfolded him, covered the keyboard with a handkerchief, he played from a sheet, improvised. All the forces were thrown at something to make a sensation and stock in the memory of the audience. And they really were invited a lot and often. Basically, these were the houses of aristocrats and even crowned persons.

But there was another one in it interesting point. During all these journeys from London to Naples, Wolfgang not only demonstrated to the public his generous talent - he also absorbed all the cultural and musical achievements that this or that city could provide him. Then Europe was fragmented, centers of culture flared up in different cities - and each had its own currents, musical styles, genres, preferences. Little Wolfgang could listen to it all, absorb it, process it with his brilliant mind. And in the end, the synthesis of all these musical layers gave impetus to that powerful movement that was the work of Mozart.

Salzburg and Vienna

Alas, Leopold's plans were not destined to come true. The children grew up and no longer made such a vivid impression. Wolfgang turned into a short young man, "just like everyone else", and his past popularity rather even interfered. Neither his membership in the Academy of Bologna, which he received at the age of 12, having brilliantly coped with the task, nor the Order of the Golden Spur, presented by the Catholic Pope himself, nor all-European fame made it easy career young composer.

For some time he was Kapellmeister at the Archbishop in Salzburg. A difficult relationship with this arrogant man forced Wolfgang to take orders from Vienna, Prague, London. He strove for independence, disrespectful treatment hurt him painfully. Frequent trips led to the desired goal - once the Archbishop of Colloredo fired Mozart, accompanying the dismissal with a humiliating gesture.

He ultimately moves to Vienna in 1781. Here he will spend the last 10 years of his life. This period will see the flowering of his work, his marriage to Constanze Weber, here he will write his most significant works. The crowns did not immediately accept him, and in general, after the success " Weddings of Figaro"In 1786, the rest of the premieres were calm.He was always received much warmer in Prague.

At that time, Vienna was the musical capital of Europe, its inhabitants were spoiled by an abundance of musical events, musicians from all over the world flocked there. The competition among composers was very high. But the confrontation between Mozart and Antonio Salieri, which we can see in the famous film "Amadeus" by Milos Forman, and even earlier - in Pushkin, does not correspond to reality. On the contrary, they treated each other with great respect.

He also had a close and touching friendship with Joseph Haydn, dedicated beautiful string quartets to him. Haydn, in turn, endlessly admired Wolfgang's talent and subtle musical taste, his extraordinary ability to feel and convey feelings like a true Artist.

Despite the fact that Mozart did not manage to achieve a position at the court, his work gradually began to bring him considerable income. He was an independent man, putting the honor and dignity of man above all else. He did not go into his pocket for a sharp word, and generally directly said everything he thought. Such an attitude could not leave anyone indifferent, envious people and ill-wishers appeared.

Illness and death

A slight creative decline, which was outlined in 1789-90, was quickly replaced by active work at the beginning of 1791. At the end of the winter, he made changes to Symphony No. 40. In the spring, the opera "The Mercy of Titus" was written and then staged in the summer, commissioned by the Czech court on the day of the coronation of Leopold II. Completed in September a joint project with Emanuel Schikaneder, Fellow Masonic Lodge - Singspiel " magical flute". In July of this year, he received an order for a funeral mass from a mysterious messenger ...

In early autumn, Wolfgang begins to complain of ailments. Gradually they intensify. The last performance of Mozart is dated November 18 - the day of the opening of the next lodge of the Secret Society. After that, he fell ill and did not get up. Until now, medical scientists are arguing about the causes of the disease, the diagnosis. Most often, the poisoning version is rejected, but not completely ruled out. Over the past centuries, there have been no more authentic documents, on the contrary, many statements by Constanza and other witnesses are less and less credible.

The composer was treated by the best doctor in Vienna at that time, many of his methods are now presented as aggravating the patient's condition, but then they were widely used in medicine. On the night of December 4-5, he dies ...

During his lifetime, he was a dapper fashionista, leading a somewhat freer lifestyle than he could afford. Many notes have been preserved in which he turned to friends with a request to borrow money - for another musical project. But he never learned how to manage money wisely. And when the question arose about the funeral, it turned out that the family did not have money for this.

Baron van Swieten fully paid for the funeral, he gave an amount sufficient for burial in the 3rd category - in a separate coffin, but in a common grave. It was a common practice then, there was nothing strange about it. Except for one thing, even the burial place of the greatest son of man has not been preserved. Then the funeral monuments were placed outside the cemetery fence.

Interesting facts about Mozart

• half off total Mozart wrote symphonies between the ages of 8 and 19.
• In 2002, on the anniversary of 9/11, choirs all over the planet sang "Requiem" by Mozart during the day, in order to honor the memory of the dead.
• In the largest single recording project in history, Philips Classic released 180 CDs in 1991 containing a complete set of Mozart's authentic works. It includes over 200 hours of music.
• Mozart wrote more music in his short career than many other composers who lived much longer.
• Relations with the Archbishop of Salzburg ended when his secretary gave Mozart a kick in the back.
• From the biography of Mozart, we learn that the brilliant composer spent a total of 14 out of 35 years traveling.
• Leopold Mozart described the birth of a son as "a miracle from God" because he seemed too small and weak to survive.
• The term "Mozart's ear" describes an ear defect. Researchers believe that Mozart and his son, Franz, had a congenital ear defect.
• The composer had a phenomenal ear and memory, even as a child he could memorize a work that was complex in form and harmony from one listening, and then write it down without a single mistake.
• In the 1950s, the French phoniatrist Alfred Tomatis conducted scientific experiments, during which he proved that listening to Mozart's music can improve a person's IQ, he owns the term "Mozart Effect"; it has also been recognized as having a therapeutic effect on cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism and many neurological diseases, this has been scientifically proven.
• Wolfgang Mozart's middle name, Theophilus, means "beloved of God" in Greek.
• Mozart's influence on Western music is profound. Joseph Haydon noted that "the posterity will not see such talent even in 100 years".
• Mozart wrote his first symphony when he was only 8 years old, and an opera at 12.
• Father forbade Wolfgang to marry Constanza Weber, suspecting her family's selfish interest in Mozart, who was making his first confident steps in Vienna. But he did not obey for the first time in his life, and against the will of his father, he married in August 1782. Some scholars portray her as fickle, others look at her with more sympathy. Eighteen years after Wolfgang's death, she remarried and helped her new husband write a book about Mozart.

• Mozart's famous partnership with Lorenzo da Ponte resulted in the opera Le nozze di Figaro, based on a play by Beaumarchais. Their collaboration is one of the most famous in the history of music;
• Once in Vienna, little Wolfgang performed at the palace for Empress Maria Theresa. After the performance, he played with her daughters, one of whom treated him especially fondly. Wolfgang, in all seriousness, then began to ask for her hand. It was Marie Antoinette, the future Queen of France.
• Mozart was in the Masonic lodge, it was secret society, uniting the most progressive people of its time. Over time, Wolfgang began to move away from the ideas of the brothers, mainly due to religious contradictions.

• Composer's last word Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) before his death was "Mozart".
• In 1801, gravedigger Joseph Rothmeier allegedly dug up Mozart's skull from a cemetery in Vienna. However, even after various tests, it remains unknown whether the skull, in fact, belonged to Mozart. It is currently locked up in the Mozarteum Foundation in Salzburg, Austria;
• Baron van Swieten gave 8 florins 56 kreutzers for Mozart's funeral - this is the amount that Wolfgang once spent on the playful funeral of his starling.
• Mozart was buried in a "mass grave" in the Cemetery of St. Marx. A "common grave" is not the same as a beggar's grave or a mass grave, but a grave for people who were not an aristocracy. One of the main differences is that after 10 years common graves were excavated, but the graves of aristocrats were not.
• Researchers have hypothesized at least 118 causes of Mozart's death, including rheumatic fever, influenza, trichinosis, mercury poisoning, kidney failure, and streptococcal infection.
• According to several biographers, Mozart was a small man with strong eyes. As a child, Wolfgang contracted smallpox, which left scars on his face. He was thin and pale with fine hair and liked smart clothes.
• According to Mozart's wife, Constanza, at the end of his life Mozart believed that he had been poisoned and that he was composing his "Requiem" for himself.
• It is believed that in the "Requiem" he managed to write only the first 7 parts, and the rest was completed by his student Franz Xaver Süssmayr. But there is a version according to which Wolfgang could have completed the Requiem several years earlier. Scholars are still debating which parts Mozart actually wrote.
• Mozart and his wife had six children, of whom only two survived infancy. Both sons had no family or children.
• Mozart became increasingly popular after his death. In fact, as 20th-century biographer Maynard Solomon points out, his music was truly appreciated posthumously.
• The composer was born a Catholic and remained so all his life.
• Mozart was a tenor. During chamber concerts in the ensemble, he usually played the viola. He was also left-handed.
• The famous physicist Albert Einstein was very fond of music. He learned to play the violin, but really managed to imbue it only after he "fell in love with Mozart's sonatas."
• Einstein believed that Mozart's music demanded technical perfection from him, and then he began to study hard.
• Constanza, Mozart's wife, destroyed many of his sketches and drawings after the composer's death.
• Mozart had several pets, including a dog, a starling, a canary, and a horse.

Mozart. Letters

Time has preserved many portraits of Mozart, made different artists, but they all differ greatly from each other, it is difficult to determine whether among them were the closest to the original. On the other hand, the composer's letters, which he wrote all his life, being on constant trips, are perfectly preserved - letters to his mother, sister, "dearest dad", cousin, wife Constanza.

Reading them, you can create a true psychological image of a genius, as if he appears alive before us. Here is a 9-year-old boy sincerely happy about the comfortable britzka and the fact that the cab driver rushes quickly. Here he conveys his fiery greetings and low bow to everyone he knows. It was a gallant century, but Mozart knows how, without excessive pomposity and ornateness, to show respect without losing dignity. Letters addressed to relatives are full of sincerity and trust, emotionality and free use of syntax, because they were not written for history. This is their real value.

IN mature years Wolfgang develops his own epistolary style. It is obvious that the literary gift is inherent in him to no lesser extent than the musical one. Having a superficial knowledge of several languages ​​(German, French, Italian, Latin), he easily composes new word forms from them, plays with words with humor, makes jokes, rhymes. His thought glides easily and naturally.

It should be noted that since the letters German passed big way development from local dialects to national language. Therefore, much in them to contemporaries will seem not entirely clear. For example, then it was customary to discuss publicly the problems of digestion. There was nothing out of the ordinary about it. The same with grammar and spelling - Mozart followed his own rules, and perhaps did not even think about it. In one paragraph, he could write the name of a person three times - and all 3 times in different ways.

In Russia in Soviet time Mozart scholars have only partially quoted some of his letters - carefully edited. In 2000, a complete edition of the correspondence of the Mozart family was published.

Personal Quotes

• "I write like a pig" (about how much I write).
• “I don’t pay attention to anyone’s praise or blame. I just follow my own feelings”;
• “Since death, when we come to consider it, is the true purpose of our existence, I have developed over the past few years such a close relationship with this best and most faithful friend of mankind that his image not only no longer frightens me, but is really very reassuring. and comforts! And I thank my God for kindly giving me the opportunity to know that death is the key that opens the door to our true happiness.”
• “Every time I go to bed, I remember that it is possible (however young I may be) I will not be destined to see tomorrow. And yet, not a single person from everyone who knows me will say that I am gloomy or sad in communication ... ”(April 4, 1787).
• “People are mistaken in thinking that my art comes easily to me. I assure you, no one has devoted as much time and thought to composition as I have."

creative legacy

Researchers and biographers are struck by the monstrous performance of Mozart. Considering his employment in the service, rehearsals, concerts, tours, private lessons, he managed to write at the same time - to order and at his own behest of the soul. He composed music in all genres that existed then. Some compositions, especially early, childhood years, are lost. In total, in his incomplete 36 years, he wrote more than 600 works. Almost all of them are absolute gems of symphonic, concert, chamber, opera and choral music. Over the past 2 centuries, interest in them has only increased. He significantly developed and transformed many genres, setting a new standard and guidelines in art.

For example, in his operas The Marriage of Figaro, Don Juan”, “Magic Flute” dramaturgy stepped far beyond the traditional for that time musical performances. The plot acquires a stronger semantic load, often the composer takes the most ardent part in the development of the libretto, gives recommendations on how to build the plot. Every image actors receives a more detailed psychological portrayal, becomes “alive” not only with the help of texts, but also through expressive musical means.

Also, a symphony receives a strong dramatic development from him. Many of them are similar to opera principle constructions - reliance on conflict, confrontation, through development. On the other hand, the overture to " Wedding of Figaro” is so perfect in form that it is performed separately in concerts as an orchestral work.

Symphony as superior type musical thinking in the works of Mozart asserts the canons classical style. However, in general, all creative way evolved from Rococo (mainly in children's compositions), then through Viennese classicism to preconditions for early romanticism. It remains only to guess what the music of this genius, so emotional, enthusiastic, sincere, would have been if he had had a chance to live to the era of romantic heyday.

Mozart's musical compositions include 41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, 5 violin concertos, 27 concert arias, 23 string quartet and 22 operas.

The image of Mozart in theater, cinema, television and other media projects

The music of the genius composer can be heard everywhere. According to the biography of Mozart, hundreds of feature films and documentaries, television projects and staged a theatrical play. Most significant works think about him:

• "Little Tragedies" by A.S. Pushkin (cycle of short plays);
• "Amadeus" (1979) a play by Peter Shaffer, which formed the basis of the script for the famous film by Milos Forman
• "Amadeus" - 8 Oscars and many awards and nominations in the field of cinema, in leading role starred Tom Hulse (Mozart) and F. Murray Abraham (Salieri).

Here is just a partial list of TV projects about Mozart:

• t / s "Mozart in the Jungle" - USA (original title);
• t / s "Avventura Romantica" (2016), performed by Lorenzo Zingone (as young Mozart);
• t / s “Now I will sing” (2016), performed by Lorenzo Zingone;
• t/s "La Fiamma" (2016), performed by Lorenzo Zingone;
• "Stern Dad (2015)" TV episode, performed by Chris Marquette (as Mozart);
• "Mr. Peabody and the Sherman Show";
• "Mozart" (2016), performed by Avner Peres (adult W. Mozart);
• "Fantasy" (2015);
• "Mozart vs Skrillex (2013) TV episode, performed by Nice Peter (Mozart);
• Mozart l "opéra Rock 3D (2011) (TV) Performed by Michelangelo Loconte;
• "Mozart's Sister" (2010), performed by David Moreau;
• "Etida" (2010), Luka Hrgovic as Mozart;
• "Mozart" (2008) TV series;
• "In Search of Mozart" (2006);
• "The Genius of Mozart" performed by Jack Tarleton";
• t / s "The Simpsons";
• TV series Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (2002);
• "Wolfgang A. Mozart" (1991);
• "Mozart and Salieri" (1986) TV episode;
• "Mozart - his life with music" d / f.

Once acquainted with this Great Destiny It's impossible to forget about her. This is what helps the soul to rise, retreat from the ordinary and tune in to the contemplation of eternity ... Mozart is the greatest gift of the Creator to mankind.

Video: watch a film about Mozart

The symphonies embody the mature musical thinking of the composer, they simultaneously continue the traditions of Bach and Handel and anticipate the spiritual lyricism of the romantics.

Symphony No. 40 is one of the most incomprehensible creations, and at the same time understandable on some personal level to each. It contains a deep, developed operatic dramaturgy and subtle psychologism inherent in Mozart's language, the motive of Czech folk dance and a refined scholarly style.

Joseph Haydn , best friend Mozart, his senior friend, who supports him in everything, spoke about the emotionality of Wolfgang's music in this way: "He is so enlightened in the sphere of human feelings that it seems that he is the creator of them, and people then only mastered feeling."

History of creation Symphonies No. 40 by Mozart and the content of this work, read on our page.

History of creation

History has not preserved documents from which it would be possible to judge the idea of ​​​​creating all 3 symphonies that came out of the pen that summer. They were not written to order. Probably, the author planned to perform them in autumn and winter during the so-called "Academies". During this period of his life, the composer was already in dire need and expected to earn money from concerts “by subscription”. However, the dreams were not destined to come true, the concerts were never given, and the symphonies were performed during the life of the author.

All of them were written in the shortest possible time, the time of work on them is noteworthy - summer. The disciples have parted, Konstanz in Baden. Not constrained by the scope of the order, Wolfgang can create at will, embodying any artistic idea.

And Mozart, as a true innovator, treated this freedom of choice with due respect. The genre of the symphony itself has gone from a small musical intro designed to prompt listeners that the opera is about to begin and it's time to stop talking, to a separate orchestral piece.

Working on the symphony in G minor, Mozart significantly expands the dramatic boundaries of the genre. Father, Leopold Mozart, inspired from childhood that any work should be based on a lofty idea, an idea, technique is secondary, but without it, the whole concept is not worth a dime. In this symphony, Wolfgang for the first time allows himself to communicate with the listener, he sincerely narrates “without superfluous words” and even intimately confesses somewhere. This manner was fundamentally different from the cold concert and academic, accepted at that time and understandable to the then public.

This work was truly appreciated only in the 19th century, when symphonies were already performed in full. Beethoven And Schuman when subtle romanticism Chopin became habitual.

The choice of a minor key, the rejection of a slow introductory part immediately lead away from the entertainment genre into the unknown. There is no solemnity, a sense of celebration in it (in the orchestra there is no pipes And timpani ), "mass", despite the orchestral sound. Full of disturbing change of moods and themes, contrasts and mergers, the symphony tells about the deep personal experiences of a person, therefore it invariably finds a response in the soul of every listener. At the same time, the general delicate and gallant style, corresponding to that century, remains.

Shortly before his death, 3 years after creation, Mozart made changes to the score, introducing clarinets into the orchestra and slightly editing the oboe part.

Modern treatments

The closest to the original interpretation is the performance of the g-moll symphony by such conductors as Trevor Pinnock, Christopher Hogwood, Mark Minkowski, John Eliot Gardiner, Roger Norrington, Nikolaus Harnoncourt.

However, there are many modern adaptations of this work:

The Swingle Singers - Extraordinary Performance symphonic work famous ensemble of vocalists. (listen)

Version by German musician, arranger and music producer Anthony Ventura. (listen)

French guitarist Nicolas de Angelis (listen)

Waldo De Los Rios is an Argentine composer, conductor and arranger. A treatment of it was recorded in 1971 by the Manuel de Falla Orchestra and reached number one on the Dutch charts, as well as entering top ten in several other European countries. (listen)

The exact number of symphonies written by Mozart cannot be established, many of them written in youth, lost forever (approximate number around 50). But only the 40th one sounds in the minor key (and another one, No. 25, in the same key).

The symphony has a traditional for that time 4-part form, however, it has no introduction, it starts immediately with main party, which is completely uncharacteristic of the canon of that time. The melody of the main part is the most popular tune in the whole world, a kind of business card composer. The side part, contrary to tradition, does not act as a sharp contrast, but sounds more languid, mysterious and light (thanks to the major key). The sonata allegro of the first movement receives an almost continuous development: the solo violins of the main part, the rhythmicity of the connecting part, a slight enlightenment in the performance of the woodwinds (oboes, clarinets) of the side part, all this gets bright development and by the final game, a conflict is drawn, which in development is only intensified by an increase in tension. The reprise does not resolve this conflict; even the secondary part acquires the minor character of the main one. The general sound becomes even gloomy, reminders of the collapse of hopes, the unfulfillment of impulses, the inconsolability of suffering.

Second part, like a calm after a storm, is performed at a leisurely pace (andante), of a calmly contemplative nature. Appeasement sets in, the melody becomes melodious, there are no more contrasts. The sound symbolizes light and intelligence. The general form of the movement is again sonata, but due to the lack of opposition of the leading themes, it feels like a through development. The musical fabric, including several semantic turns, is constantly evolving, reaching a sweet-dreamy culmination in the development and affirmation in the reprise. Some short breath phrases are like a pastoral drawing of nature.

Despite the name 3rd part – Menuetto (« Minuet ”), this is not a dance at all. The triple meter rather emphasizes the marching and harshness of the sound. Rigid persistent repetition of a rhythmic figure inspires anxiety and fear. As if an irresistible superpower, cold and soulless, threatens with punishment.

The theme of the trio leads away from the ominous threats of the minuet, and even to some extent approaches the character of a light danceable minuet. The melody, sounding in G major, is light, sunny, warm. It is set off by the extreme harsh parts, giving even more expressiveness to this contrast.

The return to G-minor seems to return to the present, tearing you away from dreams, pulling you out of an intoxicating sleep and preparing the dramatic finale of the symphony.

Final 4th part("Allegro assai") is written in sonata form. The absolute predominance of the main theme, performed in fast pace, as if sweeping away the melodies and phrases of the linking, side themes that arise here and there on its way. Development is rapidly developing. The energetic character of the music tends to the dramatic climax of the whole work. The bright contrast between the themes, polyphonic and harmonic development, the echoes between the instruments - everything is rushing in an unrestrained stream to the inevitable finale.

This is the dramatic development of images throughout the work - characteristic Mozart, which distinguishes his symphony.

Genius in this symphony he was embodied and at the same time became immortal. Truly, there is no other symphony that could compare in popularity with this one. Like the smile of the Mona Lisa, its simplicity hides too many mysteries that humanity can unravel for centuries. Coming into contact with such works, you think that God himself is talking to a person through the talent of his chosen one.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Symphony No. 40

Mozart (Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Theophilus (Gottlieb) Mozart) was born on January 27, 1756 in the city of Salzburg into a musical family.

In the biography of Mozart musical talent discovered in early childhood. His father taught him to play the organ, violin, harpsichord. In 1762 the family travels to Vienna, Munich. There are concerts by Mozart, his sister Maria Anna. Then, while traveling through the cities of Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Mozart's music amazes listeners with amazing beauty. For the first time the composer's works are published in Paris.

The next few years (1770-1774) Amadeus Mozart lived in Italy. There, for the first time, his operas (“Mithridates the King of Pontus”, “Lucius Sulla”, “The Dream of Scipio”) are staged, which receive great success from the public.

It should be noted that by the age of 17 the composer's wide repertoire included more than 40 major works.

The heyday of creativity

From 1775 to 1780, the seminal work of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart added a number of outstanding compositions to his cohort. After taking the position of court organist in 1779, Mozart's symphonies, his operas contain more and more new techniques.

IN short biography Wolfgang Mozart, it is worth noting that the marriage to Constance Weber was also reflected in his work. The opera The Abduction from the Seraglio is imbued with the romance of those times.

Some of Mozart's operas remained unfinished, because the difficult financial situation of the family forced the composer to devote a lot of time to various part-time jobs. Piano concerts by Mozart were held in aristocratic circles, the musician himself was forced to write plays, waltzes to order, and teach.

glory peak

Creativity Mozart next years strikes with fruitfulness along with skill. The most famous operas"The Marriage of Figaro", "Don Juan" (both operas written jointly with the poet Lorenzo da Ponte) by the composer Mozart are staged in several cities.

In 1789, he received a very lucrative offer to head the court chapel in Berlin. However, the composer's refusal further exacerbated the material shortage.

For Mozart, the works of that time were extremely successful. "Magic Flute", "Mercy of Titus" - these operas were written quickly, but very high quality, expressive, with beautiful shades. The famous mass "Requiem" was never completed by Mozart. The work was completed by the composer's student, Süssmeier.

Death

Since November 1791, Mozart was ill a lot and did not get out of bed at all. Died famous composer December 5, 1791 from an acute fever. Mozart was buried in the cemetery of St. Mark in Vienna.

Chronological table

Other biography options

• Of the seven children in the Mozart family, only two survived: Wolfgang and his sister Maria Anna.
• The composer showed his abilities in music, being just a child. At the age of 4 he wrote a harpsichord concerto, at the age of 7 he wrote his first symphony, and at the age of 12 he wrote his first opera.
• Mozart joined Freemasonry in 1784, writing music for their rituals. And later his father, Leopold, joined the same box.
• On the advice of Mozart's friend, Baron van Swieten, the composer was not given an expensive funeral. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was buried in the third category, like a poor man: his coffin was buried in a common grave.
• Mozart created light, harmonious and beautiful works which have become classics for children and adults. It has been scientifically proven that his sonatas and concertos have a positive effect on a person’s mental activity, help to become collected and think logically.
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