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The author's definition of the genre of the play Woe from Wit. Genre "Woe from Wit"

"Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov can truly be considered an innovative work. There is still controversy about the genre of this play.

It is customary to define the genre of a work as a comedy. Indeed, in the play one can observe comic situations in which comic characters find themselves. For example, the image of Skalozub personifies ignorance and narrow-mindedness, in all scenes he is ridiculous. Yes, even Chatsky himself, according to A. S. Pushkin, looks ridiculous when he tries to “throw pearls” in front of uneducated people. The language of the play is also comical, it is light, witty, easy to remember. No wonder the speech is so aphoristic.

But it is impossible to precisely define the type of comedy. Here there are features of both a comedy of characters, and everyday comedy, and social satire.

Griboyedov himself initially defines the work as a stage poem, then calls it a dramatic picture, and subsequently designates the play as a comedy in verse. Even here we see the impossibility of clearly defining genre originality Griboedov's work. The writer's contemporaries called the play high comedy, since in it the author raises enough serious problems their contemporary society.

However, there are critics arguing over whether Woe from Wit is a comedy. An important argument is that main character- Chatsky is far from being comical. In the play there is a confrontation between an educated person and a society that does not understand him. And this conflict between the “past century” and the “present century” is tragic. In this we note the features of the tragedy.

Chatsky even experiences a spiritual drama, finding himself in confrontation with the whole society. The drama, but already of a personal nature, is also experienced by Sophia, who is disappointed in her lover. Therefore, the features of the dramatic genre are manifested here.

Thus, author's intention was so great that he could not fit into the framework of one genre. One can note the features of drama and tragedy, although the leading genre, of course, is comedy, the principle of which is “laughter through tears”.

Option 2

The piece is not one of the classic literary genres, because it refers to the innovative creation of the writer, who initially defined the play as a stage poem, then called it a dramatic picture, and subsequently attributed it to a comedic work.

The author consciously departs from the traditional principles of classicism, introducing several conflicts into the storyline of the play, in which, in addition to the love line, there is an acute socio-political orientation that determines the main theme of the comedy in the form of a tragic confrontation between a reasonable person who exposes bribery, careerism, hypocrisy, and the near surrounding her. society.

To realize his creative idea, the writer makes a significant adjustment to the classic canons of the traditional understanding of the comedy literary genre.

Secondly, the author, describing character traits comedy characters, adds realistic, reliable qualities to them, endowing each of the heroes with both positive and negative traits character. The realism of the play is emphasized by the disclosure by the author of the pressing problems that concern progressive representatives of modern society, which the writer expresses through the image of the main character of the work.

In addition, the comedy contains elements of a dramatic work, which are expressed in the emotional experiences of the protagonist, who is faced with unrequited love.

Using sharp satire in the narrative, the writer presents his work in the form of a live demonstration of the existing public life, mired in hypocrisy, servility, deceit, hypocrisy, greed. The comic speech of the heroes of the play is replete with the use of numerous picturesque, vivid, expressive aphorisms that the author puts into the mouths of almost all the characters in the comedy.

A distinctive feature of the play is its poetic form, enclosed in an inevitable rhythm that does not allow pauses, stops, representing the work in the form of a musical drama.

All of the above makes it possible to attribute Griboyedov's work to the category of literary creations representing a combination of genres, the main of which is social comedy. The use of comic circumstances in the play with the use of various inconsistencies, contradictions between tragedy and comedy allows the author to demonstrate true meaning dramatic conflict of the present century and the past century, revealing the genre essence of the work in the form of a tragicomedy, expressed in the psychological realism of the events described.

The creation created by the writer, replete with artistic and satirical elements, is a significant contribution to the development of Russian literature.

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sayings about the genre of comedy

1) I.A. Goncharov: "... The comedy "Woe from Wit" is both a picture of morals, and a gallery of living types, and an eternally sharp, burning satire, and at the same time a comedy, and let's say for ourselves - most of all comedy - which is hardly found in other literatures ... "

2) A.A. Blok: "Woe from Wit" ... - a brilliant Russian drama; but how amazingly accidental it is! And she was born in some kind of fabulous setting: among Griboyedov's plays, quite insignificant; in the brain of a Petersburg official with Lermontov's bile and anger in his soul and with a motionless face in which "there is no life"; not only that: a clumsy man with a cold and thin face, a poisonous scoffer and skeptic... wrote the most brilliant Russian drama. Having no predecessors, he had no followers equal to him."

3) N.K. Piksanov: “In essence, “Woe from Wit” should be called not a comedy, but a drama, using this term not in its generic, but in its specific, genre meaning.<...>
The realism of "Woe from Wit" is the realism of a high comedy-drama, the style is strict, generalized, laconic, economical to the last degree, as if elevated, enlightened.

4) A.A. Lebedev: “Woe from Wit” is all saturated with the element of laughter, in its various modifications and applications... elements, sometimes barely compatible, sometimes contrasting: there is "light humor", "trembling irony", even "a kind of caressing laughter" and then "causticity", "biliousness", satire.
... The tragedy of the mind, which is discussed in Griboyedov's comedy, is wittily illuminated. Here on this sharp edge of contact tragic element with comic in "Woe from Wit" and reveals a peculiar subtext of the author's own perception of everything that happens ... "

Arguments for comedy

1. Comic tricks:

a) The main technique used in Griboyedov's comedy is comic inconsistencies :
Famusov(manager in a state-owned place, but treats his duties negligently):

Comic inconsistencies in speech and behavior:

Puffer(the character of the hero does not correspond to his position and the respect that he is given in society):

There are also contradictions in the statements about him by other comedy characters: on the one hand, he "has never uttered a word of wisdom", on the other hand, "he is both a golden bag and aims for generals."

Molchalin(inconsistency of thoughts and behavior: a cynic, but outwardly obsequious, courteous).

Khlyostovoy:

Liza about love for Sophia:

Chatsky(discrepancy between mind and funny situation, into which he falls: for example, Chatsky delivers speeches addressed to Sophia at the most inopportune moment).

b) Comic situations: "talk of the deaf" (dialogue between Chatsky and Famusov in act II, Chatsky's monologue in III action, a conversation between the Countess-grandmother and Prince Tugoukhovsky).

c) creates a comic effect parodic image Repetilova.

d) Reception grotesque in a dispute between Famusov's guests about the reasons for Chatsky's madness.

2. Language"Woe from the mind" - comedy language(colloquial, accurate, light, witty, sometimes sharp, rich in aphorisms, energetic, easy to remember).

Arguments for Drama

1. Dramatic conflict between the hero and society.
2. The tragedy of Chatsky's love and Sophia's love.

The work "Woe from Wit" by Griboedov can be considered the first in the Russian classical literature comedy drama, since the plot is based on the interweaving of love and socio-political lines, these plot twists are combined only by the main character Chatsky.

Critics attributed "Woe from Wit" to various genres: political comedy, satirical comedy, social drama. However, Griboyedov himself insisted that his work was a comedy in verse.

But still, it is impossible to unambiguously call this work a comedy, because in its storyline are affected and social problems, and problems love character, you can also separately identify social problems that are relevant in the modern world.

IN modern times critics still recognize the right behind the work to be called comedies, since all the social problems raised are described with a great deal of humor. For example, when the father found Sophia in the same room with Famusov, Sophia laughed it off: “He went to one room, but got into another,” or take into account situations when Sophia teased Skalozub about his lack of education, and Skalozub answered: “Yes There are many channels to get the rank, and as a true philosopher, I judge about them.

A feature of the work is how abruptly and at the most dramatic moment the comedy ends, because as soon as the whole truth is revealed, the heroes only have to follow the path of a new life.

Griboyedov took a somewhat unusual step in the literature of that time, namely: he moved away from the traditional plot denouement and a happy ending. Also genre feature it can be called that the writer violated the unity of action. After all, according to the rules of comedy, there should be one main conflict, which is resolved in a positive way by the end, and in the work “Woe from Wit” there are two equally important conflicts - love and social, but there is no positive ending in the play.

Another feature that can be singled out is the presence of elements of drama. So clearly shown soul feelings heroes, that sometimes you don’t even pay attention to a certain comedy of the situation. For example, Chatsky's inner feelings about separation from Sofia, Sofia simultaneously experiences her personal drama with Molchalin, who in fact absolutely does not love her.

Also, Griboedov's innovation in this play can be highlighted by the fact that the characters are described quite realistically. There is no usual division of characters into positive and negative. Each hero has his own characteristics and is fully endowed with both positive and negative character traits.

In conclusion, the main feature of the genre of Griboedov's work "Woe from Wit" can be called the fact that this work has signs of mixing various kinds genre of literature. And there is no consensus on whether this is a comedy or a tragicomedy. Each reader focuses on this work on what is more important to him and it is based on this that the main genre of the work can be determined.

1) comedy 2) tragedy 3) drama 4) vaudeville.

A 2. Chatsky and Sophia discuss the problem of attitude:

1 to public service 2) to morality and duty 3) to love 4) to native places and foreign lands.

A 3. The above dialogue between Chatsky and Sophia takes place:

1) in the epilogue of the play; 3) at the very beginning of the play, in Famusov's house;

2) in the middle of the play during the ball 4) immediately after Chatsky's arrival at Famusov's house

A 4. What prompts Chatsky to say that morals in Moscow have not changed?

1) the desire to show off in front of Sophia;

2) the desire to express their own views to a loved one;

3) concern about the position of Moscow;

4) Chatsky's unwillingness to be sincere with Sophia.

IN 1. Chatsky's words that nothing has changed in Moscow are a complete extended statement. What is this type of utterance called? dramatic work?

AT 2. What is the name of the question asked by Chatsky Sofya, the answer to which would help to understand the heroine's mental confusion: “Are you in love?”?

AT 3. Chatsky's speech features heroes who do not appear on stage. What are these characters called in dramaturgy?

AT 4. In the conversation of the characters there are such statements: Where is better? / Where we are not”, “He got married - he did it, but he made a mistake”. What is the name of the saying, characterized by brevity, capacity of thought and expressiveness?

Give a complete answer to problematic issue, attracting the necessary theoretical and literary knowledge, based on literary works, the position of the author and, if possible, revealing his own vision of the problem. (8-10 offers)

C1. Describe the behavior of Chatsky and Sophia in this fragment plays by A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit".

Answers

Option 4 (Group 2)

Famusov

It will probably put all the turmoil on me.

Sofia

In a vague dream, a trifle disturbs;

To tell you a dream: you will understand then.

Famusov

What's the story?

Sofia

tell you? Famusov

Well, yes. . (Sits down.) Sofia

Let me... you see... first

flowery meadow; and i was looking for

Grass

Some, I don't remember.

Suddenly a nice person, one of those we

We will see - as if we have known each other for a century,

Came here with me; and insinuating, and smart,

But timid... You know who was born in poverty...

Famusov

Oh! mother, do not finish the blow!

Who is poor, he is not a couple for you.

Sofia

Then everything was gone: meadows and skies. -

We are in a dark room.

To complete the miracle

The floor opened up - and you are from there,

Pale as death, and hair on end!

Here with a thunder the doors were flung open

Some not people and not animals,

We were separated - and they tortured the one who sat with me.

He seems to be dearer to me than all treasures,

I want to go to him - you drag with you.

We are escorted by groans, roars, laughter, whistles of monsters!

He screams after!

Awoke. -

Someone says -

I run here - and I find you both.

Famusov

Yes, bad dream; as I look

Everything is there, if there is no deception:

And devils and love, and fears and flowers.

Well, my sir, and you?

Famusov

Everyone hears, and calls everyone before dawn!

Molchalin

With papers.

Famusov

Yes! they were missing.

Pardon that it suddenly fell

Diligence in writing!

(Rises.)

Well, Sonyushka, I will give you peace:

There are strange dreams, but in reality it is stranger;

You were looking for herbs

Came across a friend sooner.

Get the nonsense out of your head;

Where there are miracles, there is little stock. -

Come on, lie down, sleep again.

(Molchalin)

We're going to sort out the papers.

(A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit")

A1. Like A.S. Griboyedov defined the genre of his play "Woe from Wit"?

1) tragicomedy 2) drama 3) tragedy 4) comedy

A2. The scene in this fragment takes place

1) in the morning at the door of Sophia's bedroom 3) at night after the departure of the guests

2) in the afternoon in Famusov's office 4) in the evening in the ballroom

A3. Famusov's dissatisfaction is caused by the fact that

1) he accidentally woke Sophia 3) he found Molchalin next to Sofya

2) Sophia had a dream a strange dream 4) he will have to "sort papers"

A4. Among Famusov's remarks, the most significant (key) is his phrase

1) “There are strange dreams, but in reality it’s stranger” 3) “Yes, stupid owls; as I see"

2) “He who is poor is not a couple for you” 4) “Where there are miracles, there is little storage”

Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" has been known to us since childhood, since it has long been included in school curriculum. In this article, we will talk in more detail about the genre of the work, its main themes and idea, consider the plot, the images of the main characters, and also give some of the most popular aphorisms.

About the work

We will consider the genre (“Woe from Wit”) below, but for now let's talk about the history of creation. It is known that Griboedov began writing the play in 1821. During these years, the writer served in Tiflis, but nevertheless found time to work. In 1823, Griboyedov returned to Moscow, where he completed work on the comedy. Here he first read the work in a circle of friends.

Genre

It is quite difficult to determine what its genre is. "Woe from Wit" is an innovative work and violates many of the canonical principles of classicism. Like any traditional play, "Woe from Wit" has a love affair at its core, but the main thing is public conflict developing in parallel. In addition, the play combines household comedy, comedy of characters and social satire, which is unacceptable for classicism.

There are also doubts about whether the work can be called a comedy, as the author described it. After all main character quite atypical and not funny. On the other hand, all the signs of the declared genre are present - satirical characters and situations.

Eventually contemporary critics called the work a high comedy, since Griboedov raises in it serious social and moral issues. And the changes made to the genre by the author are due to the fact that the implementation of the idea required more opportunities than the classical tradition allowed.

What's new?

The genre (“Woe from Wit”) is not in vain considered innovative. Let's start with the fact that the author violated the unity of action in the work. That is, instead of one conflict, as was customary in classicism, Griboyedov depicts two - social and love. Also in classical comedy, vice is inevitably overcome by virtue, but this does not happen here either. Chatsky is outnumbered and forced to flee.

It also portrays the characters of the Griboyedovs in a different way. They are not divided into negative and positive, and are endowed with more realistic features: they have both impartial and positive qualities. For example, Sophia is experiencing a personal drama, despite the fact that it is difficult to name it. negative character. The girl was sincerely in love with Molchalin.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that the originality of the work lies in the fact that it includes several genres, of which the leading one is public comedy.

The meaning of the name

When analyzing the play, it is impossible not to reveal the meaning of the title. "Woe from Wit" - a title that helps the reader understand the main topic that the author wanted to reveal. Namely, he focused attention precisely on the categories of the mind. Let's start with the fact that the name refers us to the Russian folk proverb, which describes the clash of the smart and the stupid, ending in the victory of the latter. Thus, even before reading the text, we can already predict the denouement.

This conflict of stupidity and intelligence has always been important for classicism. But Griboyedov rethought it. No wonder contemporaries immediately had a question: who is smart in comedy? Critics agree that two are endowed with this quality - Molchalin and Chatsky. However, he helps the first to live, and destroys the second. The fact is that we have two types of mind. Molchalin's is moderate, worldly, while Chatsky's is ardent and unadapted to realities. Thus, the meaning of the name (“Woe from Wit”) takes on a slightly different meaning. We see that it is not just the mind that brings misfortune, but a certain type of mind.

The protagonist of the work is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, a nobleman who, after a three-year journey, returns to his beloved Sophia. Thus, at first we see the usual love plot.

“Woe from Wit” begins with the awakening of Lizonka, who did not get enough sleep because of the nightly meetings of Sophia and Molchalin, because she had to keep the date a secret. On the same day, the girl recalls her old passion for Chatsky, calling him an intelligent and outstanding person. However, this was all just a childish hobby, and besides, he offended her with his unexpected departure. At this moment Chatsky's return is reported.

The young man is happy to meet and intends to marry Sophia, but she meets him very coldly. Famusov also does not want to give his daughter to a nobleman without a high rank. There is a dispute about "old" and "new" people.

Gradually, Chatsky begins to suspect that Sophia has another lover. He becomes cold, for which the girl is accused of insensitivity.

Left alone with Lisa, Molchalin flirting with her.

Acts 3 and 4: climax and denouement

Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" does not give the reader the perfect hero: even Chatsky is portrayed as an imperfect person with his own shortcomings.

So, the main character cannot understand who is nice to Sophia. He cannot consider Molchalin a candidate, since he is “the most miserable creature”, incapable of ardent feelings and selflessness. When it turns out that it was he who became Sophia's chosen ones, Chatsky is disappointed in his beloved.

The protagonist delivers an accusatory monologue about modern society. At the same time, a rumor spread by Sophia that Chatsky is insane is spreading in the world. As a result, the hero is forced to flee from Moscow.

"Woe from Wit": characters

First, let's list the main characters of the comedy.

Let's start, of course, with Alexander Chatsky. He knew Sophia from childhood and was in love with her. But 3 years before the start of the comedy, he went to travel. It is with his return that the beginning of the play and the beginning of all conflicts are connected. Chatsky opposes himself to society with all the ardor of youth. But in the end, he is defeated and he has to flee from the house he has known since childhood.
Sofia Famusova is a 17-year-old girl who grew up without a mother and was raised by her father. She is selflessly in love with Molchalin and is ready to defend him to the last. Sophia is not stupid, Griboyedov also endowed her with courage and the ability to resist the opinions of others.
Alexei Molchalin - serves as Famusov's secretary and lives in his house. He is very cautious and prudent, he remembers his low origin. Molchalin knows that Sophia loves him. He does not reciprocate and is ready to pretend for the sake of good relationship with your employer.
And, finally, Famusov Pavel Afanasevich - Sophia's father, who serves as a manager in a state-owned house. Two things are important to him - rank and the opinion of the world. He is very afraid of enlightenment and educated people.

Minor Heroes

There are others characters in the play "Woe from Wit". The characters of the second plan, one might say, are divided into two groups - these are representatives of the local society and servants. The first are a reflection of social trends. From them one can judge what is going on in the minds of representatives of high society. Griboyedov portrays them as narrow-minded, ossified, stupid conservatives. These include Skalozub, Tugoukhovsky, Khryumins, Gorichi, and Famusov, the head of the house. The genre (“Woe from Wit”) suggests the presence of a comic beginning, which was embodied in this society.

Servants don't take so much significant place. They, as is customary in Russian literature, reflect the character of the people. Among this group, two stand out - Lizonka, Sophia's maid, who helps her secretly see Molchalin, and Petrushka, who plays the role of a mocker.

Themes of the work

The play has more than one theme. "Woe from Wit" has a wide range of problems. Griboyedov managed to touch on almost all the problems of his time. That is why the play for a long time was under censorship. So, let's list the main themes of the comedy: the education and upbringing of the nobles, the cruelty of the landowners, serfdom, senseless bureaucracy, the pursuit of ranks, the struggle between the "old" and the "new", Arakcheevism, French mania, liberalism, love for everything foreign. The writer also addresses such eternal topics as love, marriage, family, relations between a woman and a man, etc.

Aphorisms from "Woe from Wit"

Quotes from the play have long been loved by readers and "gone to the people." Now we can’t always even understand that these are words from Griboyedov’s work, we are so used to these expressions.

Here are the most famous: