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Realism is the evolution of the concept of presentation. Russian people, fabulous fantasy and inspirational

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Critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. XIX century The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s XIX century to designate art that opposes romanticism and symbolism.

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Gustave Courbet The birth of realism is most often associated with creativity french artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition "Pavilion of Realism" in 1855 in Paris.

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Kitsch (German) - “hack”, “bad taste”, “cheap”) Appeared in the 60-70s of the XIX century. in the markets of Munich. Cheap, fast-selling paintings and sketches. This phenomenon mass culture, a synonym for pseudo-art, which focuses on the extravagance of the external image and the loudness of its elements. Received distribution in various forms household decoration. Primitivization and vulgarization of popular art.

The word eventually came to mean "cooking (works of art) hastily." Kitsch came to be defined as an aesthetically impoverished object of low-end production, intended more to identify the consumer's newly acquired social status than to awaken a genuine aesthetic sense. Kitsch was considered aesthetically sparse and dubious in moral attitude, forced to sacrifice the aesthetic side of life, usually, although not always, for the sake of denoting social status. Kitsch

painting by Odd Nerdrum

Malevich's black square

Odd Nerdrum (Odd Nerdrum) - the artist calls himself none other than “King of kitsch” and “historical anarchist”, and lists Sibelius, Repin, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Gershwin, Rodin and Rembrandt among his like-minded people. From life: "I tried my best to be so a good artist as much as I could. In the late 70s, I began to understand what exactly was wrong. Two of my works “The Arrest” and “The Murder of Andreas Bader” were supposed to participate in the same exhibition (participation in the exhibition was then paid), but they were removed before the opening with an explanation that from exhibition hall all decorations had to be removed. Then I realized: I'm not an artist."

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MHK, 11th grade

Lesson #17-18

Lesson number 17. Realism - the second direction in art half of XIX century

Lesson number 18

D.Z.: Chapter 16, ?? (p. 183), tv. assignments (p.183-184) ;

Chapter 17, ?? (p. 189), tv. tasks (p.189-190)

LESSON OBJECTIVES

introduce students with characteristic features of Russian classical music school, the work of M.I. Glinka;
Develop skill independently study the material and prepare it for the presentation; continue to develop the ability to analyze a piece of music;
Bring up culture of perception of the masterpieces of the Russian classical music school.

CONCEPTS, IDEAS

realism;
G. Courbet;
naturalism;
E. Zola;
aesthetics of realism;
lithography;
household satire;
academic painting

Checking students' knowledge

1 . Russian artistic and musical critic, historian

art V. V. Stasov (1824-1906) wrote that in Russian

the music of M. I. Glinka has the same meaning as A. S. Pushkin

in Russian poetry: "Both created a new Russian language - one in

music, the other in poetry. What do you think brings together

the composer's work with Pushkin's poetry? What exactly

was the novelty of Glinka's discoveries in the musical

art? Why is he called the founder of Russian

musical classics? In what musical genres them

unsurpassed masterpieces were created?

2. What are the features of the composer's skill of M. I. Glinka

revealed in his romance-song creativity? Why

namely in Russian folk song and poetic creativity

modern poets, he drew his inspiration?

Illustrate your answer with the composer's works.

Invite your classmates to listen to some of the

the works you like the most.

3. What musical achievements M. I. Glinka enriched

Russian national opera? What reflection in his

operatic works are heroic epic and drama

Russian people, fabulous fantasy and inspirational

lyricism?

Universal learning activities

    find associations   determine the role of art
identify essential features realism and correlate it with a specific historical era;
 explore cause and effect relationships , patterns of change of artistic models of the world;
 evaluate the aesthetic, spiritual and artistic value cultural and historical era;
 identify ways and means of expressing public ideas and aesthetic ideals of the era of realism in the process of analyzing works of art;
 find associations between the artistic images of classicism, romanticism and realism presented in various types arts;
 characterize the main features , images and themes of realism art;
 determine the role of art realism in resolving life's contradictions and tragic conflicts of the era

STUDY NEW MATERIAL

Realism: the evolution of the concept.
Fundamentals of the aesthetics of realism.

Lesson assignment. What is the significance of realism as a trend in the art of the second half of the 19th century for world civilization and culture ?

sub-questions

Realism: the evolution of the concept. Features of the interpretation of the concept of "realism". The variability and uncertainty of the boundaries of realism in the field of artistic activity.
Fundamentals of the aesthetics of realism. The role of G. Courbet in the formation and development of the realistic trend in art.
Aesthetics of realism and naturalism. The truthful reproduction of "typical characters in typical circumstances" as the most important way of artistic generalization. Critical orientation and democratic realism. Realism and romanticism, their connection and difference. Realism and naturalism (on the example of E. Zola's work)

Mid 19th century

realism

classicism

romanticism

End XVIII V.

Beginnings XIX V.

true

intelligence

feelings

"Tearing off all and sundry masks"

critical .

"The nineteenth century will be distinguished from all previous centuries by the accurate and fiery depiction of the human heart."

Stendhal

The French bourgeois revolution of 1848, and then the world's first proletarian revolution of 1871 (the Paris Commune) finally dispelled romantic illusions and forced them to turn their eyes to the needs of the common man.

E. Delacroix. "Liberty Leading the People", 1830

Features

romanticism

realism

Attitude to reality

Fixes the vices and shortcomings in the life of society.

Depicts a lot of subjective and individual.

Focuses on the causes that gave rise to evil in society.

Strives for objectivity artistic techniques satirical ridicule.

Features of the image of a person

Personality affects society

Society has a significant impact on the individual.

"Realism is the faithful reproduction of typical characters in typical circumstances." F.Engels

REALISM

– ( realis from the Latin word - real)

- the desire for a more complete, deep and comprehensive reflection of reality in all its manifestations.

In the 50s. XIX century for the first time the term "realism" used French literary

critic J. Chanfleury to denote art opposed to romanticism and symbolism.

in which he proposed to consider realism as something indefinite, changeable, most accurately reflecting the essence of this era.

“Realism must not be confused with the apparent semblance of reality….. Perfection artistic image does not depend on the degree of imitation of nature.

Emile Zola

From the middle of X I 10th century the terms "realism" and "naturalism" were often used interchangeably, and from the 1870s, naturalism began to stand out in the literary and artistic movement.

Naturalism- extreme degree of realism.

E. Zola is a supporter of the principles of naturalism (the book "Experimental Novel", 1880).
IN artistic creativity E. Zola, the features of naturalism are intertwined with the features of critical realism.

Emile Zola (1840-1902)

Gustave Courbet (1819 - 1877)

French painter, landscape painter, genre painter and portrait painter . He is considered one of the consummators of romanticism and the founders of realism in painting.

The birth of realism is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet. opened in 1855 in Paris his personal exhibition "Pavilion of Realism" (out of 13 paintings, 11 paintings were selected - two were rejected).

He knew how to bring each character to typical significance, to guess in each hero the fate of a whole generation.

Character traits directions :

- painting depicts everyday reality ;

- simple composition, earthy colors ;

- as plot but serves country, work, simple life ;

Courbet G. Stone crushers

Courbet G. "Flowers", 1853

G. Courbet "Self-portrait with a black dog"

In 1844 Courbet's first painting, "Self-portrait with a dog", was exhibited at the Paris Salon (all other paintings were rejected by the jury). From the very beginning, the artist showed himself to be an extreme realist, and the further, the stronger and more persistently he followed this direction, considering the ultimate goal of art to convey naked reality and life's prose, while neglecting even the elegance of technology.

Courbet G. Asleep spinner

Courbet G. Valley

Classicists searched for heroes in antiquity, romance they chose bright, unusual people, acting in exceptional circumstances, as heroes, realists done main theme art of their contemporaries, busy with everyday affairs .

Last years

life of G. Courbet

In 1871, Gustave Courbet joined the Paris Commune. This step was not forgiven him.

After the defeat of the Commune, during the terror of Versailles, Courbet was put on trial. He was accused of destroying the Vendôme Column, erected in 1783. By court decision, Courbet was thrown into prison and sentenced to a colossal fine.

Friends came to the artist's aid: he fled to Switzerland, where last years his life.

touching relief "The Woman and the Seagull" was the last thing he did before he died.

G. Courbet. woman and seagull

Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)

french painter , draftsman, cartoonist, sculptor, craftsman lithographs ( imprint from stone )

As an artist, Daumier was born in 1830, when the weekly newspaper Caricature began to publish his engravings.

From the very first creative steps, his political sympathies are manifested.

"Daumier paints better than all of us."

E. Delacroix

O. Daumier does Louis Philippe caricatures , who took the throne during the revolution of 1830 after the expulsion of the Bourbons, depicting him with a pear-shaped head.

The essence of the pictorial metaphor was that in French the word " poire ” means both “pear” and “fools”.

Caricature of Louis Philippe.

Louis Philippe as Gargantua.

As a newspaper employee, he had the right to enter the press box of the Bourbon Palace and therefore he sat at the meetings of the chamber, where French policy was decided. He studied his future "heroes" and, coming home, sculpted miniature bust portraits . This is how the drawing came about. "Legislative womb".

In April 1834. happened revolt of the weavers in Lyon which then spread to Paris. Troops were thrown into the suppression. The inhabitants of the house on Transnonen Street, who did not take any part in the construction of the barricades, became innocent victims of the authorities: someone fired a pistol from a fifth-floor window, the punishers broke into the house and began to kill everyone, including women and children.

The picture was a shock to contemporaries. The government banned its publication: packs of unsold lithographs were confiscated and burned.

Control questions

1. In one of the letters, G. Courbet called himself "a sincere friend of the true truth." What truth did he represent in his work, how did he "express the morals, ideas, appearance of the era"? What tasks did the artist set for himself? What do you think, what did E. Delacroix mean when he called his work “A completely new phenomenon”?

2. Can it be argued that in the painting "Funeral in Orleans" G. Courbet created a kind of group portrait French Provincial Society mid-nineteenth V.? What are the features of her artistic solution? What are the main reasons for the merciless criticism of this picture? Why did the author see in it the "funeral of romanticism"?

3. Why do you think contemporaries perceived O. Daumier’s lithograph “Rue Transnonin” not only as a “bloody page modern history", but also as "a victory won by a dozen old men, women and children"? Is this “picture of tragedy” really turned by the artist into a merciless and objective verdict on cruelty and violence?

Topics for design studies or presentations

1. The subject of the fine arts of realism.

2. The richness and diversity of the social themes of painting

realism.

3. Addressing topics national history in the work of realistic artists.

4. Household paintings in Western European fine arts second half of the 19th century

5. Themes of everyday life of the French province in the works of G. Courbet.

6. Overcoming the traditions of academic painting and the innovative nature of G. Courbet's work.

7. The life of a man of a simple class in the works of G. Courbet.

8. History and reality in the works of O. Daumier.

9. The socially critical nature of the work of O. Daumier.

10. The value of creativity O. Daumier in the development of the genre of political caricature.

11. Graphic series by O. Daumier - a parody of the life of the French bourgeoisie.

12. Irony and grotesque in the work of O. Daumier.

Today I found out...
It was interesting…
It was difficult…
I learned…
I was able...
I was surprised...
I wanted…

Literature:

Programs for educational institutions. Danilova G. I. Mirovaya art culture. – M.: Bustard, 2011
Danilova, G.I. Art / MHK. 11 cells A basic level of: textbook / G.I. Danilova. M.: Bustard, 2014.
Kalinina E.M., teacher of fine arts and MHK, MOU "Yermishinskaya secondary school", r.p. Ermish, Ryazan region

Realism

Slides: 51 Words: 1606 Sounds: 0 Effects: 16

"The Art of Realism". Realism in Russia. Realism (“realis”) is translated from Latin as “real”, “real”. P.A. Fedotov is the founder of realism in painting. Self-portrait. The real life of heroes of different social classes in the work of P. Fedotov. "Breakfast of an aristocrat" (Out of time guest). “Major is fat, dashing, Karman is full of holes. He twists his mustache: "I, they say, I'll get to the money ...". Major's Marriage. Types and characters in the works of Fedotov. " fresh cavalier"(Morning of an official who received the first cross the day before). " Picky Bride". “Do not depict anything otherwise than in kind” (A.G. Venetsianov). - Realism.ppt

MHC Realism

Slides: 8 Words: 98 Sounds: 0 Effects: 8

REALISM as a direction in painting Subject: Moscow Art Theater Class: 10. M. Gorky. Is the real always material? Problematic issues: Duration of the project. Presentation of the results of the project: -presentation -booklet -composition. - MHC Realism.ppt

19th century realism

Slides: 20 Words: 1309 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Realism in the visual art XIX century. Realism. The history of realism. Gustave Courbet. "Winners". The most interesting of the works of Courbet. Theodor Russo. Rousseau introduced the concept of "intimate landscape". Over time, a circle of his fellow artists formed around Rousseau. Charles Daubigny. "Evening". Daubigny's efforts. John Constable. "Constable's Land" was the valley of the River Dedam in Suffolk. Julien Dupre. Landscapes Dupre with cloudy skies and various motifs. Jules Breton. Leon Lhermitte. Jules Bastien-Lepage. critical realism. - 19th century realism.pps

Realism in art

Slides: 14 Words: 311 Sounds: 0 Effects: 40

Realism. The method of artistic objective and comprehensive reflection of reality in art. Stages of realism: Primitiveness - naive realism. Antiquity is mythological. Renaissance is an imitation of nature. Enlightenment realism - 18th century. Realism - 19th - 20th century. Naturalism (Chardin, Ingres, K. Caro, Rousseau, Courbet, Bizet, Pushkin). Critical realism - (Daumier, Fedotov, Dorgomyzhsky). directions of realism. Artists - itinerants. Kitsch. Primitivism. Lubok - (Shilov, Vasiliev, Glazunov). The largest representatives realism in various art forms. Stendhal F.M. Dostoevsky L. N. Tolstoy C. Dickens A.P. Chekhov M. Twain W. Faulkner. - Realism in art.ppt

Realistic art style

Slides: 56 Words: 551 Sounds: 0 Effects: 128

Lesson goals. Features of artistic culture. Directions in art. LITERATURE Entry into the "golden age". Sentimentalism. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. Romanticism. V.A. Zhukovsky. K.F. Ryleev. V.K.Kyukhelbeker. A.I. Odoevsky. Realism. A.S. Pushkin. Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov. novel "A Hero of Our Time". Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. the story "The Overcoat", the comedy "The Government Inspector", the poem "Dead Souls". Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. drama "Own people - let's settle." Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. essays and stories "Notes of a hunter". Dmitry Vasilievich Grigorovich story "Village" "Anton - Goremyka". - Realistic art style.ppt

Realism in the visual arts

Slides: 46 Words: 311 Sounds: 0 Effects: 10

Critical realism in the fine arts of Russia. Wanderers. The purpose of the lesson: Education of the individual through itinerant realism, where "truth" and "beauty" are reunited. Lesson objectives: To develop the skills of analyzing a painting. Activate Creative skills students and the ability to speak in front of an audience. Develop search skills in order to independently find material. Develop oral monologue speech students. Epigraph to the lesson: Sow reasonable, good, eternal. Sow! The Russian people will say thank you from the heart… NN Nekrasov Be a citizen! - Realism in fine arts.ppt

Realism in painting

Slides: 11 Words: 351 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Reality?zm - a direction in art, characterized by the image of social, psychological, economic and other phenomena that correspond to reality as much as possible. The founder of realism is Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who, in the ability to bring each character to typical significance, to guess in each hero the fate of a whole generation, is unparalleled. In each of the images created by Courbet, a certain type is embodied, be it a mayor, a notary, a curate, a gravedigger. Deliberately prosaic in the depiction of people, the ordinariness of the plot and color indicate that the main character of the work is the unvarnished truth of life. - Realism in painting.pps

Dutch painting

Slides: 13 Words: 705 Sounds: 0 Effects: 35

Theme: Realistic painting of Holland. Variety of genres of Dutch painting. Vermeer of Delft - "the greatest magician and magician of painting." Rembrandt's work is the pinnacle of realism. Frans Hals (Dutch. George "(1616), written in warm colors, characteristic heavy dense strokes. Mistress and maid. Hermitage. "In the pantry" Pieter de Hooch. Amsterdam. "Country house" Pieter de Hooch. Gerard Terborch is considered one of the main masters of the Dutch genre painting. "A glass of lemonade" G. Terborch. Dictionary!!! Landscape?zh (fr. Pieter Klas "Breakfast". Moscow. Peter Klas. "Breakfast". Willem Heda. "Ham and silverware". 1649. - Dutch painting.ppt

Holland painting

Slides: 37 Words: 397 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Realistic painting of Holland. "The greatest magician and magician of painting" Jan Vermeer of Delft (1632-1675). Maid with a jug of milk. Woman with a jug of water. Soldier and laughing woman. Girl with a letter. Concert. Sleeping girl. Geographer. Astronomer. Allegory of painting. Street. View of Delft. "... half-open inhuman infinity ..." Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn 1606-1669. Biography facts. Self-portrait. 1626. "... A surprised, frightened grimace on a rustic face." Self-portrait in youth. 1629. 1629. In the artist's studio. 1629. Self-portrait with wide open eyes. 1630. - Holland Painting.ppt

Realistic painting of Holland

Slides: 12 Words: 222 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Presentation of the MHC on the program Danilova 10th grade. Realistic painting of Holland. Realism is a truthful, objective, comprehensive reflection of reality. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. 1606 - 1669 Holland. Holy family. Flora. 1634 State Hermitage, Saint Petersburg. The essence of Rembrandt's work. “Truth is the most beautiful and rare quality.” (E. Delacroix). The old man in red. 1652 - 1654 State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. The peculiarity of Rembrandt's artistic manner. Return prodigal son. Genres of the artist's works. Mythological. -

Development of a lesson on MHC. (Grade 11).

« Romanticism and realism ».

Target: on the basis of this topic, show the connection and differences between romanticism and realism.

Tasks:

to acquaint students with a unique phenomenon of world culture - trends and trends in the art of the New Age (romanticism and realism);

form students' understanding of the world, nature and society;

introduce students to outstanding works of art in the process self-study assignments in the “Creative Workshop” rubric and the use of books for additional reading;

develop the ability to compare one with the other, to identify common and different.

Lesson type: lesson-lecture with elements of a frontal survey.

Equipment: textbook on world art culture, visual comparison table.

Plan

Romanticism and its main features.

Realism: the evolution of the concept.

Romanticism and realism are their differences.

Romanticism and its main features.

What do we know about romanticism?

Student responses.

What are the main aesthetic principles of romanticism?

The first column of the table is filled in based on the students' answers.

Criteria	Romanticism	Realism
Attitude to reality






interest in folklore

Realism.

What is realism?

Student responses.

Teacher's word: and now let us trace the evolution (development) of this concept.

Textbook MHK pp. 178 - 180.

Romanticism and realism are their differences.

Filling in the second column in the above table.

Criteria	Romanticism	Realism
Attitude to reality	Fixed vices and shortcomings in the life of society	Focused on the causes that gave rise to evil in society
Features of the image of a person
Features of the image of a person	The individual could influence society	Society had a significant impact on the individual
Rejection real life the desire to know the unknown	Ideas arose on the basis of dissatisfaction with reality, the desire to escape into the world of ideal ideas	Survivors of disappointment French Revolution turned their eyes to the world of human feelings and experiences
exclusivity romantic hero	The heroes of the works are not ordinary people in their Everyday life, and exceptional characters in exceptional circumstances	Increased attention is paid to the everyday life of a person of the lower classes
Nature as an expression of the elemental beginning of life, a prototype of Freedom	In the life of Nature is seen a reflection of its own own destiny which is the object of his dreams. Desire to merge with nature
Cult of the Past: Idealization of Antiquity and the Middle Ages	idealization of the past. Consciousness of the frailty of everything living, longing for the departing present and the uncertainty of the future	Rejection of the past. Outcome from true facts, the indestructible foundation is reality
interest in folklore	First collections folk tales, folk songs	Special manifestation in literature and fine arts