As you understand the title of the story the last bow. On the specifics of the composition of the story
(an excerpt from V. Astafiev's story "The Last Bow".)
Grade 9
Teacher: Aksenova L.M.
Linguistic analysis of the text.
The purpose of the lesson:
implementation of self-educational activity when working on linguistic analysis of the text.
2) Development of logical thinking, self-educational activity, independent work with tables reference material formation of the correct literary speech, registration of own thoughts in the form of reviews, reviews, essays.
Raising a sense of gratitude to the people who raised you, about the ability to make right choice in a difficult life situation.
Methods and techniques:
individual sessions.
front poll.
Working with tables.
Working with reference material.
Expressive reading text.
Equipment:
text.
Memo "Linguistic text analysis".
Table “Descriptive and expressive means of the language.
Reminder for essay writing.
Information cards.
Text analysis plan. Expressive reading of the text.
Determine the topic of the text.
What is the main idea of the text?
Can this passage be called a text? Justify your answer. (this is a text, because the sentences are interconnected in meaning, the statement is compositionally completed. The text is several sentences connected into a whole by a topic and the main idea, the statement is compositionally completed).
Text type.
Speech style.
Offer link type. (the sentences are interconnected by a parallel link, because each next sentence is built while maintaining the sequence of the location of the main members of the sentence.
I made my way behind...
There was no paint left on the door or on the porch.
Grandma was sitting.
highlight micro-themes, make a plan.
Specify the stylistic means used.
Name the features of the construction of the text. (his composition).
During the classes.
1) The word of the teacher.
Guys, today we have a lesson - a creative laboratory, where we will continue to develop the skills of linguistic analysis of the text, we will work on the formation of correct literary and written speech and the design of our own thoughts in the form of reviews, reviews and essays.
So, before you is a text - an excerpt from the story of V. Astafiev " Last bow».
Listen carefully to the text.
Expressive reading of the text.
Now let's turn to the text analysis plan.
So. Determine the theme of the text "The Last Bow."
What is the main idea of the text or the idea of the text.
(We are indebted to those who raised us, loved us, lived for us, we must carefully and attentively treat them, and, of course, at the last minute, when they leave this world forever, by all means must be near ).
Can this passage be called a text?
(this is a text, because the sentences are connected in meaning and grammatically, the statement is compositionally complete).
3 types of speech:
Description
Narration
reasoning
Remember how many types of speech there are in Russian.
What type prevails in this text? (narration).
What is the style of the text?
(art style with elements conversational style).
Why does the writer use elements of conversational style?
(to show a more vivid and realistic image of the grandmother).
6) Let's highlight the micro-themes of the text and make a plan.
1) Meet first.
name keywords: behind, to our house, like meet - first, grandmother, street.
Teacher: The vocabulary of this micro-topic is neutral, but there is one word which tells the reader that we are talking about the inhabitants of the village? What is this word? (backwards)
How do you understand it lexical meaning?
(i.e. through vegetable gardens).
What vocabulary does it refer to? (to colloquial, vernacular
What is the main focus of the hero?
2) At the entrance to the house?
(door, paint, porch, floorboards, door frame)
What is the syntax of this microtheme? (nominative sentences are used in the paragraph. The syntax is not accidental. It conveys a state of intense expectation).
3) Everything is as before.
The sentence begins with the word grandmother:
And immediately the text sounded evaluative vocabulary.
A diminutive - affectionate suffix indicates the attitude of the author.
A dimly lit kitchen window.
What is a means of expression?
(at the same time, it is also an epithet, because it gives a colorful, bright, figurative name of the object and personification, since the property of a living object is attributed to a text object).
Teacher: and we very visually imagine how this window, like his old mistress, looking out if anyone came up to the house ...
What is an epithet?
What is personification?
The storm has passed over the earth! - a rhetorical exclamation.
Exclamation.
Mixed and confused...
What is it called (gradation) What is gradation? Give a definition.
And again, the text contains evaluative vocabulary, bookish, emotionally sublime. The human race.
And fascism - and next to it is an evaluative verb:dead - rude vernacular, because he didn’t deserve any other word.
Words with a diminutive suffix. Locker, speckled curtain.
Lexical repetition. What is lexical repetition?
The usual place, the usual business in the hands.
All language tools This micro-theme is aimed at confirming the thought. Everything in the world changes, remains unchanged Father's house and a feeling of love for him.
"Meeting"
Sound recording.
What.
I'll cross, I'm scared. The words are written as they are pronounced by the grandmother, the woman is probably illiterate
Rhetorical exclamation - what small hands!
Lexical repetition.
I prayed. Everything is said by this word: both love and experience for the grandson, so that everything is fine with him.
Comparison. What is a comparison?
Skin that onion peel- metaphor.
- What is a metaphor?
decrepit cheek - an epithet.
Appeal - father.
Waiting is vernacular.
Syntax.
Summing up the results of life is conveyed by short concise sentences, and the ellipsis says that there is still a lot to say, but there is no strength. Behind the ellipsis are not words, but feelings and emotions.
Wet her hands with tears, not just cry, but wet many tears, because there is a lot of love, but a premonition of eternal separation, which is not far off causes endless tears.
5) Message about the death of the grandmother.
This micro-topic already has neutral vocabulary. But the syntax is tense, screaming.
6) “Lives in the heart of wine. »
7) Syntax.
The sentences are simple, short, like a blow of a judge's gavel. Like a sentence.
8) Writing an essay.
* Read the text aloud.
* work with memo.
* the form of your written statement, genre creative work you need to choose in accordance with the internal need, worldview and attitude. A genre originality speech opens up a wide variety of possibilities, and you can write using the genres of letters, pages from a diary, a travel essay, and perhaps turn to an essay.
Let's remember and give brief description main genres.
Review – overall score works, an expression of one's own attitude to what was read, viewed, an emotional assessment of the personal perception of the work, an impression about it with justification: what caused these feelings and experiences in the work.
Review - analysis, parsing, text evaluation, genre of criticism, literary and newspaper-magazine journalism.
The task of the reviewer is to give an analysis of the work, to express his own thoughts and feelings that arose while reading the text, to talk about his impressions - but on the basis of detailed analysis text.
Therefore, the reviewer does not retell in detail the content of what he read, but carefully substantiates his opinion with a deep and reasoned analysis.
The reviewer must see creative individuality– the author, the color of the reviewed work.
The relationship between the reviewer and the author is a creative dialogue with an equal arrangement of the parties. Author's advantage detailed value works. Reviewer advantage - high level theoretical training, analytical skills, language culture.
For example:
Feature article – prose work, which covers a small part of reality, but in general, essays refer to any areas human life. In this genre, the author's beginning is highly subjective. The essayist himself leads the narration, which is driven by his thought, his opinion. It brings together essay and essay. However, essays often ______________
Descriptions, the role of which in the essay is not so significant.
An essay can be journalistic, lyrical, documentary, etc. in style.
Full name: Liliya Ilmurzovna KulaginaPosition: teacher of Russian language and literature
Place of employment: secondary school No. 18 of the Kirovsky district of Ufa
Pedagogical experience: 32 years
LESSON TOPIC: “Bow kind people”(Based on the story by V. Astafiev“ The Last Bow ”)
Grade: 9th
Number of hours: 2 hours
EPIGRAPH:"I will never forget that happy morning." (V.P. Astafiev)
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
To acquaint students with the life and work of V.P. Astafiev.
Raising in students a sense of love for the Motherland, the world around, people.
DURING THE CLASSES
1st hour
INTRODUCTION
I. introduction teachers about V.P. Astafiev.
I would like to start the lesson with the words of the writer's grandfather on his father's side, Pavel Yakovlevich Astafiev.
Once a grandfather will say about his grandson:
“You are happy, however ... Not with the fate of shares, happy with your soul. Beautiful and good to see, maybe this is what happiness is.”
Grandfather looked into the water. It was precisely such a person, vigilant, attentive, noticing the beauty of human relations, the beauty of the world around him, that the writer V.P. Astafiev was.
II. Biography of the writer (message of the student).
The name of V.P. Astafiev is known throughout the world. He was born in May 1924 in the village of Ovsyanka, on the banks of the mighty Yenisei, not far from Krasnoyarsk, “in a working, huge, sedate and melodious family.” He lost his mother early - she drowned, in the river catching a scythe on a floating boom. He was given to the care of his grandparents - Siberian peasants.
In 1934 he was forced to leave his native village with new family father, was soon abandoned to the will of fate. Having gone through orphanhood, homelessness, at the age of 15 he ended up in an orphanage in the polar city of Igarka. Before the war, he worked as a train compiler near the city of Krasnoyarsk. In the fall of 1942, he volunteered for the front. He served as a driver, artillery reconnaissance officer, signalman. He received a severe wound.
Demobilized in 1945, he lived for 18 years in the Urals, in Chusovoy. He worked as a loader, a locksmith, a foundry worker, at the same time he studied at an evening school.
I began to write out of a feeling of protest, I wanted to write about the war what I saw myself, “I cared most of all that everything was accurate, that everything was as it was.”
In 1958 he was accepted into the Writers' Union, and in 1959 he was sent to the Higher Literary Courses in Moscow, where he studied until 1961.
The writer’s Peru owns such wonderful works as the story in the stories “The Last Bow”, the narration in the stories “King Fish”, the novel “ Sad detective”, tragic theme war sounds in the story “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess” (the author defines it as a modern pastoral). About the war - a novel written in the 90s - “Cursed and Killed”, the story “So I want to live”.
Leading themes of the writer's work: childhood; nature and man; war and love.
In 1968, the first book of the story in the stories “The Last Bow” was published. In subsequent years, books II and III were published.
MAIN PART
Work on the story "The Last Bow".
From whom is the story being told?
Who is the main character of the story?
Think about the title of the piece. "Last bow".
Last bow to whom?
What 2 themes run through the entire piece?
These themes are very closely intertwined in a story that opens up childhood memories - “Distant and close fairy tale”.
1). "Far and Near Tale"
Tell us about Vasya, a Pole.
Selective reading by the teacher of an excerpt from the words “But because of the ridge, from the deep interior of the earth, music arose ...” to the words “wounded for life by music.”
What was the music about? Why is Vitka so anxious and bitter? Why do you want to cry like he's never cried before?
What trace did Vasya the Pole leave in the soul of the boy, his violin playing?
How did the fellow villagers treat Vasya the Pole?
Can Vasya the Pole be called a teacher of life for Vitka Potylitsyn? Why do you think the chapter “Far and Near Tale” is the first in the book “The Last Bow”.
Who left Vitka the most precious childhood memory?
Tell me about your grandmother.
What role did she play in the formation of character and in the fate of her grandson?
Grandmother teaches her grandson to love and understand nature, passed on her worldly and moral experience to him, taught him to love the earth and all living things around.
Which chapters tell about how a grandmother teaches her grandson to see the beautiful, teaches a careful and reverent attitude towards the earth, gives the first lessons of labor.
What other lessons given by the grandmother did Vitka remember?
2nd hour
What new did we learn about the grandmother in the chapter “Guardian Angel”? How did Grandma teach her family to endure hardships?
Grandma's Wise Thoughts.
The chapter is called “Guardian Angel” – why?
What interesting things did we learn about the life of peasants, about folk traditions, rituals?
b). Stop on stage, as grandparents gather children to show the newly born calf and come up with a name for the newborn together.
V). Evening milking of cows.
G). “What a good evening is coming! I would like to share bread, milk, salt and heart with neighbors and all people in the world.”
e). Evening prayer grandmothers.
8). - What is said in the story "Autumn sorrows and joys"?
Why does grandmother Katerina Petrovna have the most delicious cabbage did it work?
9). Chapter "Grandma's holiday".
What holiday is this chapter talking about?
How is this holiday celebrated?
How did the grandfather remember the grandson Ilya Evgrafovich?
"Last Bow" - Treasury folk thoughts. Let's listen to them.
In what tone are all the stories from this work written?
The leitmotif of book I is the words: "I will never forget that happy morning."
CONCLUSION
“The Last Bow” is a conversation about childhood and about those people who warmed this childhood with the warmth of their hearts and the caress of their laboring hands. The meaning of this work is in the emotional and moral charge that can awaken the brightest feelings in readers: the joy of life, love for the motherland, native land, work, people living next to you.
The last chapter of the work is “The Last Bow”. It is here that the author conveys main idea works.
(Expressive reading by the scene teacher last meeting grandson with grandmother).
HOMEWORK:
Write an essay on the topic: “The lessons of kindness from grandmother Katerina Petrovna.”
Yang Zheng
China, Nanjing
The image of the protagonist in the story of V.P. Astafiev "The Last Bow"
In the autobiographical book of V.P. Astafiev “The Last Bow”, the narration is conducted in two plans - the plan of the past (I) and the plan of the present (I2). From Z to Z2 goes the way spiritual development Main character.
Key words: the image of "I"; two time plans; split and unity of personality.
The story in the stories "The Last Bow" was created by V.P. Astafiev for almost his entire creative life. The first chapters of the book were first written as independent stories. Note that some of them, being good material for the lessons of "natural pedagogy" [Lanshchikov 1992: 6], currently included in school curriculum- "Horse with a pink mane", "A monk in new pants", "A photograph in which I am not" and some. etc. Astafiev’s book is a story about his own childhood, that is, it can be put on a par with such autobiographical works of Russian classics as “Childhood”, “Boyhood”, “Youth” by L. N. Tolstoy, “Childhood”, “In People”, “My Universities” by M. Gorky. The narration in The Last Bow is in the 1st person. However, the role of the narrator in the story is ambiguous. In some cases, he entrusts the story to another person (as a hero-narrator), sometimes he himself acts as a witness and commentator on what is happening (as an author-narrator). Thus, there is a bifurcation of the subject of speech, and an “objective-subjective image is obtained, where objectivity comes from a real-life hero, and subjectivity comes from the author, from the choice and interpretation of the described episodes” [Boiko 1986: 9].
"In the texts autobiographical works a time perspective arises, the comparison of two time plans according to the "now - then" principle is updated: I write about myself in the past and present ... My thought lives not only in the past (as a memory), but also in the present
Yang Zheng, Ph.D. Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Nanjing University, China. Email: [email protected]
schema (as awareness of oneself in time). The future may not exist at all, or it may be short-lived, schematic and fragmentary” [Nikolina 2002: 392]. And these two subjects - I: (Vitya Potylitsyn in the past, in childhood) and Yar (adult author Viktor Astafiev in the present) - represent an indissoluble unity. On the way from I: to Yar, the spiritual evolution of the character takes place, in autobiographical prose about childhood, the hero and the author are merged into one.
The image of the adult "I" emerges primarily through the author's numerous digressions (lyrical and journalistic), where the narrator's attitude to reality is directly and clearly expressed. In this regard, the story “The Monk in New Pants” is of particular interest, where the own voices of the hero-narrator and the author-narrator are intertwined. The narration begins in the present tense and is conducted by the boy Vitya as actor. He is entrusted with a certain job, for which he can "help out" money:
I was ordered to sort out potatoes ... The larger potatoes are selected for sale in the city. My grandmother promised to use the money she received to buy textiles and sew me new pants with a pocket.
Matter, or manufactory, is the name of the garment<...>grandmother bought.<.. .>No matter how much I lived in the world later, no matter how many pants I wore out, I never met matter with such a name.<...>There was a lot in childhood that did not meet again later and did not happen again, unfortunately.
R1 and R2 are clearly distinguished when the narrator evaluates and comprehends the behavior, experiences and thoughts of his past "I" from other "points of view". So, in the first story "A far and near fairy tale", the narrator describes the experiences of the protagonist, who heard the violin for the first time in his life:
I'm alone, alone, such a horror all around, and also music - a violin. A very, very lonely violin. And she doesn't threaten at all. Complains<.. .>The music flows quieter, more transparent, I hear, and my heart lets go<.. .>What did the music tell me about? About the convoy? About the dead mother? About a girl whose hand dries? What did she complain about? Whom did you get angry at? Why is it so anxious and bitter to me? Why feel sorry for yourself? And those out there are sorry for those who sleep soundly in the cemetery.
The above passage of text formally belongs to the author-narrator, but in fact the inner world is shown here. little boy at the time of the sound of the music, the narration is filled with a clearly childish attitude, therefore Yag is the subject of speech in this passage.
Once, after I listened to the violin, I wanted to die from incomprehensible sadness and delight. Was stupid. Small was (hereinafter my italics. - Ya.Ch.). I saw so many deaths afterwards that there was no more hateful, accursed word for me than "death."
Here, L1 has become the object of thinking of L2, which evaluates its past "I" from a different temporal (already during the war) and spatial (already in some Polish city) distance. Thus, in the change of subjects of speech, author's position in relation to the role of music in human life, and in general to the role of art in general.
As it grows older main character, a clear distinction between I: and I2 is gradually erased, their voices are approaching. In other cases, they may
be so merged that it is impossible to separate them. For example, in the story “Without Shelter”, the maturing hero Vitya sometimes takes on the subjective, evaluative functions of the narrator:
Tishka taught me to smoke bulls picked up on the street. “Drinking wine, disfiguring people, stealing - I can already. It remains to learn how to smoke - and order!
This kind of self-assessment, riddled with bitterness and pain, is one of Astafiev's favorite devices in "The Last Bow" to express the attitude of Ya2 to Yag. Often an adult author looks at his "Alter ego" (another "I") with sympathy, love and even with a touch of irony. For example, in the same story: after the departure of Ndybakan, a comrade in trouble, Vitya was left alone again and, as if in despair, calls his friend:
Ndybakan, Ndybakan! Where are you? In
days of doubt, in days of painful reflections, you alone were my support and support!
Here, behind the light irony expressed in quoting Turgenev's famous lines, the author's sympathy for his hero is hidden, not so much for himself, but for all innocent children who early fell into the "crucible" of life. At one time, following the thought of Heine, Astafiev wrote that “if the world splits, the crack will first of all go through the fate of children” [Astafiev 1998: 613].
As a result of the bifurcation of I: and I2, a specific image of "I" is created in the autobiographical story. Unlike the hero-narrator (Vitya Potylitsyn), who is depicted in "acts", deeds, in communication with others, his double Viktor Astafiev, a thinking, feeling person, is focused largely on understanding life in general and the life of the Ovsyanka village in particular; he turns to his inner world, their experiences and reflections, which is a kind of awareness of oneself in time.
Depicting reality in different temporal and spatial coordinates, the author shows the changes in the Peasant Universe in its past and present.
schem, depicts the process of death of the "Peasant Atlantis". “An anticipation, a breath of death” is conveyed precisely through “elegiac intonation, through referring the brightest episodes to the past” [Goncharov 2003: 101-102]. At the same time, the author gives a clear preference to the past, with heartache speaks of tragic fate native village. So, in the endings of some stories, the author's narration deliberately reaches the present. For example, the story "The Legend of the Glass Krink" ends with the following words:
And I, an insane person, mourn all about some poor wounded capercaillie, about past times, about krinka, about berries, about the Yenisei, about Siberia - why and who needs this?
However, the image of the adult narrator (I2) in the story is not static, his feelings and thoughts undergo serious changes. The chapter “A Feast after the Victory”, to some extent concluding, summing up everything that was connected with the childhood, adolescence and youth of the hero, with the war, ends optimistically:
And in my heart, and if only mine, I thought at that moment, faith will cut into a deep mark: all evil has remained beyond the victorious spring, and we are waiting for meetings with only kind people, with only glorious deeds. May this holy naivete be forgiven me and all my brothers - we have exterminated evil so much that we had the right to believe: it is no longer left on earth.
But this is only an intermediate stage in the development of the adult "I", which in the final chapters of the story, written in the early 1990s, becomes different. In the comments to The Last Bow, Astafiev wrote:
Not suddenly, not immediately, but I realized that I didn’t finish something in “Bow”, I “skewed” the book in the direction of complacency, and it turned out to be somewhat touching, although I didn’t consciously strive for this, but nevertheless I trimmed life, sharp corners sawed off to dear readers, Soviet first of all, they didn’t cling to their pants and didn’t hurt their knees. But the life of the thirties did not consist of only cheerful children's toys and intricate games, including mine
life and life of people close to me. Thoughts, memories continued, the book continued in me.<.. .>The book left childhood further, into life, and moved along with it, with life.
Realizing this, Astafiev begins to “toughen up” what was previously written, in particular, the author rewrote “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess” several times, exaggerating. The same thing happens with individual chapters of The Last Bow. For example, in the story "The Photograph Where I'm Not", he added 5 pages about collectivization, dispossession, while repeating a lot of what was written clearly and definitely back in the 1970s. in the story "The Chipmunk on the Cross", where, it would seem, the conclusion has already been summed up:
SHUMKINA E.N. - 2010
N. A. Ivanova, L. V. Lyapaeva - 2010
“The Last Bow” is a landmark work in the work of V.P. Astafiev. It combines two main themes for the writer: rural and military. In the center of the autobiographical story is the fate of a boy who was left without a mother early and is raised by his grandmother. 108
Decency, a reverent attitude to bread, a careful attitude to money - all this, combined with tangible poverty and modesty, combined with hard work, helps the family survive even in the most difficult moments.
With love, V.P. Astafiev draws in the story pictures of children's pranks and fun, simple household conversations, everyday worries (among which the lion's share of time and effort is devoted to gardening, as well as simple peasant food). Even the first new trousers become a great joy for the boy, as they constantly alter them from junk.
In the figurative structure of the story, the image of the hero's grandmother is central. She is a respected person in the village. Her large working hands in the veins once again emphasize the hard work of the heroine. “In any case, not a word, but hands are the head of everything. You don't have to feel sorry for your hands. Hands, they look and look at everything, ”says the grandmother. The most ordinary things (cleaning the hut, a pie with cabbage) performed by a grandmother give people around them so much warmth and care that they are perceived as a holiday. In difficult years, an old sewing machine helps the family survive and have a piece of bread, on which the grandmother manages to sheathe half the village.
The most penetrating and poetic fragments of the story are devoted to Russian nature. The author notices the finest details of the landscape: the scraped roots of a tree, along which a plow tried to pass, flowers and berries, describes a picture of the confluence of two rivers (Manna and Yenisei), freezing on the Yenisei. The majestic Yenisei is one of central images story. The whole life of people passes on its shore. And the panorama of this majestic river, and the taste of its icy water from childhood and for life is imprinted in the memory of every villager. In this very Yenisei, the mother of the protagonist once drowned. And many years later, on the pages of his autobiographical story, the writer courageously told the world about the last tragic minutes of her life.
V.P. Astafiev emphasizes the breadth of his native expanses. The writer often uses landscape sketches images sounding world(the rustle of shavings, the rumble of carts, the sound of hooves, the song of the shepherd's duda), conveys characteristic smells (forests, grass, rancid grain). The element of lyricism now and then invades the unhurried narrative: “And the fog spread over the meadow, and the grass was wet from it, the flowers of night blindness drooped down, daisies wrinkled their white eyelashes on yellow pupils.”
In these landscape sketches there are such poetic finds that can serve as a basis for naming individual fragments of the story as poems in prose. These are personifications (“The fogs were dying quietly over the river”), metaphors (“In the dewy grass, red strawberry lights lit up from the sun”), comparisons (“We broke through the fog that had settled in the decay with our heads and, floating up, wandered through it, as if along a soft, malleable water, slowly and silently"),
In selfless admiration of the beauties of his native nature, the hero of the work sees, first of all, a moral support.
V.P. Astafiev emphasizes how pagan and Christian traditions are deeply rooted in the life of a simple Russian person. When the hero falls ill with malaria, the grandmother treats him with all the means available for that: these are herbs, and conspiracies for aspen, and prayers.
Through the childhood memories of the boy, a difficult era emerges, when there were no desks, no textbooks, no notebooks in schools. Only one primer and one red pencil for the whole first class. And in such difficult conditions, the teacher manages to conduct lessons.
Like every village writer, V.P. Astafiev does not ignore the topic of confrontation between the city and the countryside. It is especially intensified in famine years. The city was hospitable as long as it consumed rural produce. And with empty hands he met the peasants reluctantly. With pain V.P. Astafiev writes about how men and women with knapsacks carried things and gold to "Torgsina". Gradually, the boy's grandmother handed over the knitted festive tablecloths, and clothes stored for the hour of death, and on the blackest day - the earrings of the boy's dead mother (the last memento).
V.P. Astafiev creates colorful images of villagers in the story: Vasya the Pole, who plays the violin in the evenings, craftsman Keshi, who makes sleds and collars, and others. It is in the village, where the whole life of a person passes before the eyes of fellow villagers, that every unsightly act, every wrong step is visible.
V.P. Astafiev emphasizes and sings of the humane principle in a person. For example, in the chapter “Geese in the polynya”, the writer tells how the guys, risking their lives, save the geese left during the freeze-up on the Yenisei in the polynya. For the boys, this is not just another childish desperate trick, but little feat, a test of humanity. And although further fate the geese still turned out sadly (some were poisoned by dogs, others were eaten by fellow villagers in times of famine), the guys nevertheless passed the test for courage and a caring heart with honor.
Picking berries, children learn patience and accuracy. “Grandma said: the main thing in berries is to close the bottom of the vessel,” notes V.P. Astafiev. In a simple life with its simple joys (fishing, bast shoes, ordinary village food from his own garden, walks in the forest) V.P. Astafiev sees the happiest and most organic ideal of human existence on earth.
V.P. Astafiev argues that a person should not feel like an orphan in his homeland. He also teaches a philosophical attitude to the change of generations on earth. However, the writer emphasizes that people need to carefully communicate with each other, because each person is inimitable and unique. The work "The Last Bow" thus carries a life-affirming pathos. One of key scenes The story is a scene in which the boy Vitya plants a larch with his grandmother. The hero thinks that the tree will soon grow, be big and beautiful, and bring a lot of joy to the birds, the sun, people, and the river.
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