To which nation does the composer F. Chopin belong? Piano music genius
short biography Fryderyk (Frederik) Chopin. Full name and surname Fryderyk Francois Chopin
Fryderyk Chopin is a brilliant Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher. The largest representative Polish musical art, became the founder of the Polish national school of composers.
Fryderyk Chopin (1810-1849) famous Polish composer, pianist, teacher. Author of numerous works for piano.
The future musician was born in 1810 in the family of the Polish teacher Nicolas Chopin and Tekla Justina Krzyzhanovskaya, a noblewoman by birth. In a small village called Zhelyazova Wola near Warsaw. His musical talent manifested in early childhood. Fryderyk Chopin grew up surrounded by music. His father played the violin and flute, his mother sang and played the piano excellently. It was his mother who instilled in little Chopin a love for music. The first performance of the little pianist took place in Warsaw in 1817, "The author of this Polonaise is a student who is not yet 8 years old." About a brilliant child who performs the most difficult piano pieces and variations, wrote in one of the Warsaw newspapers. 
Between 1817 and 1846, Chopin created 16 polonaises. In polonaises, ballads, Chopin talks about his country, Poland, about the beauties of its landscapes and the tragic past.
The first music teacher for Chopin was the famous pianist Wojciech Zhivny, he received his further education by entering the Higher music school in Warsaw, where he began to study musical theory, figured bass and composition with Josef Elsner. In 1827 he completed his studies and gave concerts.
In 1828, the composer gave concerts in Berlin, and then in Vienna, which brought him great success. Since 1829, Chopin has been known not only as brilliant pianist but also as a composer. He wrote: 2 piano concertos (1829 and 1830), three sonatas, as well as the Sonata in B-flat minor with the famous Funeral March (1828-1844). four ballads (1835-1842), 21 nocturnes ( 1827-1846), 27 studies (1829-1839), 25 preludes (1831-1839). Chopin owns 19 songs (1829-1847), a sonata for cello and piano (1846). He wrote his first waltzes at the age of 16-17. 
In 1830, the composer left Warsaw forever, having lived in Vienna for a short time, he moved to Paris, by the standards of that time the center of social life, where he instantly became famous and gained many admirers. At this time, Chopin makes acquaintances with many outstanding musicians and composers such as: Franz Liszt and Robert Schumann, Hector Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Vincenzo Bellini writers V. Hugo, G. Heine, artist Eugene Delacroix and many others famous people of his era. But throughout his life he was seized by homesickness.
In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of lung disease, but his stay in Mallorca (Majorca, Spain) in 1838-1839 with his bride, writer George Sand, had a beneficial effect on the composer's health. His relationship with the writer lasted about 10 years. Their relationship was not easy and in 1847 they broke up. The break with George Sand seriously undermined his health. 
In 1848, Chopin went to London, where he continued to give concerts and teach; on November 16, 1848, the concert of the great composer took place in London, which turned out to be the last in his life.
Chopin died on October 17, 1849 in Paris, where he was buried. According to the will of the composer, his heart was transported to Poland, it rests in the Warsaw Church of the Holy Cross.
The deep music of this brilliant composer lives not only in the hearts of his nation, but of the entire musical world. Fryderyk Chopin is one of the greatest musical geniuses.
Biography of Frederic Chopin summary and most importantly, for children and adults.
Frédéric François Chopin (February 22, 1810 - October 17, 1849) was a Polish pianist, composer and world famous person. He became famous for creating mazurkas, waltzes and polonaises of incredible beauty and virtuoso performance.
Childhood
Frederic Chopin was born on February 22 in the village of Zhelyazova Volya, which was located near Warsaw, into a semi-aristocratic family. His father was not a noble family and lived in France before his marriage, where he met his future wife, with whom he later left for Poland. Frederick's mother was an aristocrat with a fairly common and noble surname and a rich pedigree. Her great-grandfathers were managers and very important people of their time, so Frederick's mother had a good education, knew about high etiquette and knew how to play several musical instruments, including the piano. By the way, it was she who instilled in the future composer such a great love for music and everything connected with it.
In addition to Frederick, the family had three more daughters who were also talented and outstanding personalities. The eldest, Ludvika, had excellent vocal abilities and was very close to her brother, helping him in everything. The younger ones, Emilia and Isabella, wrote poetry and composed small melodies. However, while still a small child, Frederick lost one of his sisters - Emilia. She died from the plague, which at that time raged in many small villages in Warsaw.
Youth and manifestation of talent
The talent of the young pianist was visible to the naked eye to everyone who encountered him at least once. Frederick could listen to his favorite works for hours, emotionally react to new melodies and did not even sleep at night, trying to quickly compose another work. At the same time, the boy was talented not only in music. He wrote poetry with equal success, picked up melodies and managed to study perfectly in one of the Warsaw schools.
His desire for beauty was fully supported by his father and mother. They sincerely believed that in the future their son would become a world star and gain popularity that would be noted by scientists and biographers for several more generations. By the way, caring parents helped Chopin get his earliest popularity.
After the 8-year-old boy finished writing "Polonaise", they turned to the editorial office of one of the local newspapers, asking them to write about this event, and in parallel to become the first critics of their son's musical genius. A month later, in fact, an article appeared in the newspaper with enthusiastic responses. This could not but affect the confidence young genius and his inspiration for writing new works.
And since Chopin needed to study theory in parallel (he was self-taught until the age of 8), his parents hired the Czech teacher Wojciech Zhivny, who gladly began to tell the boy about music and share his own compositions with him. However, at the age of 12, the pianist teacher left the young talent, saying that Frederick had already received all the knowledge.
Creation
Today it is difficult to find at least one person who has not heard at least once brilliant works Frederic Chopin. All of them are saturated with soul, tragic and melodic, they show the deepest feelings and thoughts of every listener. At the same time, Chopin tried to convey to the listener not only the incredible beauty of music, but also with its help to dedicate it to the history of his native country.
The era in which Chopin lived and worked is rightfully called one of the best in classical music. musical culture. After Mozart, who allowed everyone and everyone to plunge into the wonderful sound classical music Chopin did much more for the people.
He opened the world to romanticism, which can be achieved not only with the help of fine arts, but also with musical works. His sonatas, like Beethoven's sonatas, had romantic notes that were felt from the very first chords and immersed listeners in a warm and pleasant world of sounds.
If we talk about numbers, then in his short, but incredibly active and full life, Frederic Chopin managed to create 58 mazurkas, 16 polonaises, 21 nocturnes, 17 waltzes, 3 piano sonatas, 25 preludes, 4 impromptu, 27 etudes, 4 scherzos, 4 ballads, as well as many works for piano and orchestra, songs, rondos, boleros, cello sonatas and even lullabies.
Representative of the art of romanticism. He was born in the small town of Zhelyazova Wola, located near Warsaw. His father Nicolas had French origin, and Justina's mother was a local resident.
Musical impressions of childhood
Friederik began learning to play the piano at the age of six. The young musician was very lucky with the teacher. Pianist Wojciech Zhyvny brought up s¢v
At an early age, Fryderyk met Italian opera, very popular in all corners of Europe. Early 19th century vocal art was not too difficult to understand. A wide range of listeners were attracted by bright theatrical performances and beautiful catchy melodies that could be hummed. And although Chopin's work does not contain a single opera, he acquired and retained for the rest of his life a taste for flexible and plastic melodies.
salon art
Another source of music for the future composer was the so-called salon performance. A major representative of this art was Mikhail Oginsky. He is known today for his famous Polonaise.
Salon - one of the forms of leisure for representatives of the wealthy strata of European society in the 19th century. This social practice has been described in many literary works, for example, Leo Tolstoy and Honore de Balzac. In the salons, people not only communicated, but also listened to music. The largest pianists and violinists of those times gained fame precisely through performances at various social events.
Fryderyk Chopin played the piano in local salons from the age of 12. He loved this humble domestic art. Chopin's work bears a bright imprint of salon music. From those invited to social event pianists often required bravura virtuosity and sentimental ease of performance. But Chopin is alien to the excessive entertainment and banality inherent in this art direction.
Early work
The work of Frederic Chopin opens with two polonaises that he wrote at the age of seven, possibly under the influence of work of the same name Mikhail Oginsky. Another source of the works of the future composer is Polish musical folklore. Friederika was introduced to him by his mother, who was a good pianist and also an amateur singer.
Young Chopin studied at the Warsaw Lyceum, while studying music under the guidance of private teachers. He already comprehended not only playing the piano, but also composition. Later, Fryderyk entered the Main School of Music in the Polish capital.
In Poland, Chopin's career developed successfully thanks to the generous patronage of patrons. In particular, the famous aristocratic Chetvertinsky family took care of the young pianist. On the wave of success, Chopin was invited on tour to Austria, where he left in 1829.
Emigration and its causes
The concerts of the young musician were a huge success in Europe. He was admired famous composers of that time Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt. Chopin's work was at the peak of popularity. During the composer's stay on tour, an uprising took place in his homeland.
The freedom-loving Poles rebelled against Russian Empire. Large-scale popular unrest that swept the country lasted about two years. In 1831, after the siege of Warsaw, they were crushed. Russian army. After the victory, the actions of the occupying authorities became even tougher.
Chopin was an ardent supporter of Polish independence. After the defeat of the uprising, he decided not to return to his homeland. A direct response to these tragic events was the study "C Minor", called "Revolutionary". The composer composed it in early September 1931, immediately after the fall of the besieged Warsaw.
The sad events in Poland divided Chopin's work into two major periods. The young musician chooses to permanent place residence Paris, where he spends the rest of his days, periodically going on tour. The composer never saw his homeland again.
New life in Paris
In Paris, Chopin led an active creative and pedagogical activity. In that historical period the capital of France was the center of political and cultural life Europe. After 1830, supporters of the struggle for the independence of Poland were warmly supported in Parisian society. The greatest figures of art of that time unselfishly helped the composer in the first years of his emigration.
The life and work of Chopin are inextricably linked with the activities of his contemporaries - famous figures art. The composer's new friends were the artist Eugene Delacroix, the writers Heinrich Heine and Victor Hugo, the composers Franz Liszt and the musicologist Francois Fetis.
Illness and the end of a virtuoso career
A few years after settling in Paris, Chopin gave concerts in England and Germany, where he met outstanding composers Robert Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn. Then, in the mid-30s, he was overtaken by a disease - pulmonary tuberculosis.
The poor health of the young musician did not allow him to continue his career as a virtuoso pianist. He stopped performing large halls. The work of F. Chopin from that time is reduced to writing a series piano works who paved the way for him
As a pianist, he limited his performances to small salons and chamber concert halls. He played mainly for his friends, colleagues and people with similar artistic tastes and passions.
Chamber halls and a friendly audience determined the uniqueness of Chopin's music. It is very personal and intimate. It seems that the composer exposes his suffering soul to the audience. The work of F. Chopin is inextricably linked with the piano. He did not write for other instruments.
Love of all life
While in Paris, the composer met the famous French writer Aurora Dudevant, who published her books under the male pseudonym George Sand. This woman enjoyed notoriety in Parisian society. she wore men's clothing and demonstratively smoked cigars. The local beau monde was periodically disturbed by rumors about her numerous connections.
If we briefly characterize the life and work of Chopin, then it can be argued that without George Sand, he would not have been himself. She became not only the composer's mistress, but also his friend. The writer was older than Chopin. She already had two children - a boy and a girl.
The great musician often visited the family castle, which became a haven for many friends of Aurora and her lover. She adored wild fun and parties that lasted until dawn. The sick composer endured her entertainment with great difficulty. Nevertheless, their romance lasted more than ten years.
Winter in Mallorca
No matter how talented he was, his work is inextricably linked with George Sand. Particularly popular with fans romantic stories the legend of their joint journey to Mallorca. The Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea is today a tourist paradise. Then, in the distant 19th century, it was an abandoned, deserted and gloomy place. The splendor of nature was combined with gloomy morals local residents and poor living conditions.
Chopin, whose biography and work is largely due to incurable disease, experienced one of the most difficult periods on this island. The lovers wanted to spend a warm winter in Mallorca away from Parisian gossip. But the winter turned out to be very rainy and cold, and the negative attitude of the locals towards lovers was frankly aggressive. They were unable to rent housing and were forced to settle in an abandoned monastery, where the cold raged. This winter, the composer's health deteriorated significantly.
During her life in Mallorca, George Sand missed Parisian luxury. Chopin also yearned. A brief biography and work of the composer make this winter on the island especially bright. The musician has composed some excellent works here. After returning to France, the writer published the book "Winter in Mallorca".
Romanticism and piano creativity
Chopin's work can be briefly defined as romanticism in all its manifestations. His numerous piano miniatures are like different facets of one diamond. The composer wrote very little major works. The most famous among them is his second sonata, and especially its third part - the funeral march.
Chopin's piano miniatures are grouped into cycles. Polish mazurkas and polonaises are poetic plays imbued with homesickness. The composer's most lyrical works are preludes. They run through all of Chopin's work. Briefly, these compositions can be described as short pieces covering all 24 keys. The preludes are solved in various genres. For example, the piece in A major reproduces the rhythmic basis of the mazurka. And the prelude "B Minor" resembles an elegy.
Genres in Chopin's music
Chopin's piano work is conditioned by a multifaceted synthesis. The combination of intonations of various, sometimes contrasting, genres in one short theme leads to a high concentration of tension in the musical fabric. Compressed in an eight-bar melody, hints of a march, nocturne and pathetic recitation seem to blow up the theme from the inside. Their potential is revealed throughout the composition, building a complex dramaturgy.
As German musicologists note, the work of Friedrich Chopin (as he is called in Germany) was influenced by Robert Schumann, especially his piano cycles. However, the music of this great composer is unusually original. The so-called Polish cycles - mazurkas and polonaises - serve as confirmation.
Mazurkas and polonaises
Mazurkas are very diverse. Among them are elegant and refined miniatures, as well as plays written in the folk spirit. There are also brilliant ballroom mazurkas. Most of these pieces are not difficult in terms of virtuosity. Technically, they are easy to implement. Difficult to understand them makes a deep musical meaning, the listener requires a special subtlety of perception.
Like all of Chopin's work, works written in the polonaise genre are lyrical poetic miniatures. But at the same time they have the character of bright and brilliant dances. Among them there are miniatures of different content: tragic, solemn and exquisite. A polonaise pianist needs strong fingers and wide hands. This is necessary in order to cope with the polyphonic chords underlying the works.
If you try to formulate Chopin's work in a few words, its summary will be as follows: the greatest genius of the romantic era, he was the musical idol of Europe. An exile deprived of his homeland, he died very early, at the age of 39. For most of his life, Chopin suffered from an incurable illness that limited his career as a virtuoso. He fully knew the love of hundreds of fans and the only woman who managed to understand him. She had the same talent as he did. His tragic and at the same time happy fate is in music. And she is immortal.
Quote message Frederic Chopin | The genius of piano music. ("Chopin-The Thirst for Love" (2002) Biographical film.)
Chopin's work is huge world extraordinary beauty. Listening to it, you forget that you are listening to only one instrument - the piano. Boundless expanses open before you, windows open to unknown distances, full of secrets and adventures. And I really want this new, newly opened world to never leave you.
(Anna German - Letter to Chopin)
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Fryderyk Chopin was born near Warsaw, the capital of Poland, in the town of Zhelyazova Wola.
Justina Chopin (1782 - 1861), composer's mother.Nicolas Chopin (1771 - 1844), composer's father
Chopin's mother was Polish, his father was French. The Chopin family lived on the estate of Count Skarbek, where his father served as a home teacher.
After the birth of his son, Nikolai Chopin received a teacher's position at the Warsaw Lyceum (secondary educational institution), and the whole family moved to the capital. Little Chopin grew up surrounded by music. His father played the violin and flute, his mother sang well and played the piano a little. Not yet able to speak, the child began to cry loudly as soon as he heard the mother's singing or the father's game. Parents believed that Fryderyk did not like music, and this upset them greatly. But it soon became clear that this was not the case at all. By the age of five, the boy was already confidently performing simple pieces, learned under the guidance of his older sister Ludvika. Soon, the well-known Czech musician Wojciech Zhivny became his teacher.
Wojciech Zivny (1782 - 1861), the first teacher who taught Fryderyk Chopin how to play the piano
A sensitive and experienced educator, he instilled in his student a love for classical music and especially for the works of I.S. Bach. Bach's clavier preludes and fugues subsequently always lay on the composer's desktop. The first performance of the little pianist took place in Warsaw when he was seven years old. The concert was a success, and the whole of Warsaw soon recognized Chopin's name. At the same time, one of his first compositions, a polonaise for piano in G-minor, was published. The boy's performing talent developed so rapidly that by the age of twelve, Chopin was not inferior to the best Polish pianists. Zhivny refused to study with the young virtuoso, saying that he could teach him nothing more. Simultaneously with music lessons, the boy received a good general education. Already in childhood, Fryderyk was fluent in French and German, was keenly interested in the history of Poland, read a lot fiction. At the age of thirteen, he entered the lyceum and three years later successfully completed it. During the years of study, the versatile abilities of the future composer manifested themselves.
The young man drew well, especially caricatures. His mimic talent was so bright that he could have become a theater actor. Already in his youth, Chopin was distinguished by sharpness of mind, observation and great curiosity. From childhood, Chopin developed a love for folk music. According to the stories of his parents, during country walks with his father or comrades, the boy could stand for a long time under the window of some hut, from where folk tunes could be heard. During the summer vacations at the estates of his lyceum comrades, Fryderyk himself took part in the performance folk songs and dance.
Singer Angelica Catalani (1780 - 1849) who presented F. Chopin with a gold watch with the inscription “Madam Catalani (Fryderyk Chopin is ten years old) in Warsaw. 3. 1. 1820"
Over the years folk music became an integral part of his work, akin to his being. After graduating from the Lyceum, Chopin entered the Higher School of Music. Here he was supervised by experienced teacher and composer Joseph Elsner. Elsner very soon realized that his student was not just talented, but a genius. Among his notes is preserved a brief description of, given by him to the young musician: “Amazing abilities. musical genius". By this time, Chopin had already been recognized best pianist Poland. Reached maturity and his talent as a composer. This is evidenced by two concertos for piano and orchestra, composed in 1829-1830. These concertos are invariably heard in our time and are favorite works of pianists of all countries. At the same time, Fryderyk met the young singer Constance Gladkowska, who studied at the Warsaw Conservatory. Gladkovskaya was destined to become Fryderyk's first love. In a letter to his friend Wojciechowski, he wrote:
“... I, perhaps, unfortunately, already have my own ideal, which I faithfully serve, having not spoken to him for half a year, which I dream about, the memory of which was the adagio of my concerto, which inspired me to write this morning this waltz sent to you.
Constance Gladkovskaya (1810 - 1889) singer National Theater in Warsaw. Miniature of Anna Chametz, made in 1969 after a drawing by Wojciech Gerson
It was under the impression of this youthful feeling of love that Chopin composed one of the best songs “Desire” or “If I Shine in the Sky as the Sun”. In 1829 the young musician went to Vienna for a short time. His concerts were a huge success. Chopin, his friends and family realized that he should go on a long concert tour. Chopin could not make up his mind to take this step for a long time. He was tormented by bad feelings. It seemed to him that he was leaving his homeland forever. Finally, in the autumn of 1830, Chopin left Warsaw. Friends gave him a farewell goblet filled with Polish soil. His teacher Elsner said a touching farewell to him.
Joseph Elsner (1769-1854), Fryderyk Chopin's teacher in music theory and composition
On the outskirts of Warsaw, where Chopin was passing, he, together with his students, performed a song written by him especially for this occasion. choral work. Chopin was twenty years old. Happy youthful time, full of searches, hopes, successes, is over. Premonitions did not deceive Chopin. He left his home forever. remembering good reception rendered to him in Vienna, Chopin decided to start his concerts there. But, despite the increased efforts, he never managed to give an independent concert, and the publishers agreed to print his works only for free. Unexpectedly, alarming news came from the homeland. In Warsaw, an uprising against the Russian autocracy began, organized by Polish patriots. Chopin decided to cut short his concert tour and return to Poland. He knew that among the rebels were his friends, perhaps his father. Indeed, in the days of his youth, Nicolas Chopin took part in a popular uprising led by Tadeusz Kosciuszka. But relatives and friends persistently advise him in letters not to come. People close to Chopin are afraid that persecution may affect him too. Let him better remain free and serve his homeland with his art. With bitterness, the composer submitted and went to Paris. On the way, Chopin was overtaken by shocking news: the uprising was brutally suppressed, its leaders were thrown into prison, exiled to Siberia. Thoughts about the tragic fate of the motherland were directly connected with the most famous etude by Chopin, created even before his arrival in Paris, called "Revolutionary". It embodied the spirit of the November uprising, as well as anger and sorrow. In the autumn of 1831 Chopin arrived in Paris. Here he lived until the end of his life. But France did not become the composer's second home. Both in his affections and in his work, Chopin remained a Pole. And even after his death, he bequeathed to take his heart to his homeland. Chopin "conquered" Paris first as a pianist. He immediately impressed the audience with a peculiar and unusual performance.
Friedrich Kalkbrenner (1788 - 1849). From a lithograph by G. Richardi. German pianist, composer and teacher. From 1824 he lived in Paris, where he was considered the most outstanding piano teacher.
At that time, Paris was flooded with musicians from various countries. The most popular were virtuoso pianists: Kalkbrenner, Hertz, Giller.
Ferdinand Hiller (1811 - 1885) - German pianist, composer, conductor, musician. theorist, music historian and critic; founder of the Cologne Conservatory. He was connected with F. Chopin by warm friendship (there is a bronze medal, which depicts Chopin and Giller)
Their game was distinguished by technical perfection, brilliance that stunned the audience. That is why Chopin's very first concert performance sounded like such a sharp contrast. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, his performance was surprisingly spiritual and poetic. The memory of the famous Hungarian musician Franz Liszt, who also began his brilliant path as a pianist and composer at that time, has been preserved about Chopin's first concert: “We recall his first performance in the Pleyel Hall, when the applause, which increased with redoubled strength, seemed in no way able to adequately express our enthusiasm in the face of talent, which, along with happy innovations in the field of his art, opened a new phase in the development of poetic feeling.
F. List (1811-1886)
Chopin conquered Paris, as Mozart and Beethoven once conquered Vienna. Like Liszt, he was recognized as the best pianist in the world. At concerts, Chopin mostly performed his own compositions: concertos for piano and orchestra, concert rondos, mazurkas, etudes, nocturnes, variations on a theme from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni. It was about these variations that the outstanding German composer and critic Robert Schumann: "Hats off, gentlemen, before you is a genius."
Chopin's music, like his concert performances, was universally admired. Only music publishers were waiting. They published Chopin's works, but, as in Vienna, for free. Therefore, the first editions did not bring income to Chopin. He was forced to give music lessons for five to seven hours daily. This work provided for him, but took too much time and effort. And even later, being a world-famous composer, Chopin could not afford to stop these studies with his students that exhausted him so much. Along with the growth of Chopin's popularity as a pianist and composer, his circle of acquaintances was expanding.
F. Chopin among the famous pianists of his time (1835). From left to right: standing - T. Deller, J. Rosengein, F. Chopin, A. Dreishok, S. Thalberg; sitting - E. Wolf, A. Henselt, F. Liszt.
Among his friends is Liszt, an outstanding French composer Berlioz, french artist Delacroix, German poet Heine. But no matter how interesting new friends were, he always gave preference to his compatriots. For the sake of a guest from Poland, he changed the strict order of his working day, showing him the sights of Paris. For hours he could listen to stories about his homeland, about the life of relatives and friends.
With youthful insatiability, he enjoyed Polish folk songs, and often wrote music to the poems he liked. Very often, these poems, turned into songs, came back to Poland, became the property of the people. If he came close friend, Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz, Chopin immediately sat down at the piano and played for him for hours. Forced, like Chopin, to live away from his homeland, Mickiewicz also yearned for her. And only Chopin's music slightly eased the pain of this separation, carried him there, far away, to his native Poland. It was thanks to Mickiewicz, the frenzied drama of his Konrad Wallenrod, that the First Ballad was born. And Chopin's Second Ballade is connected with the images of Mickiewicz's poetry. Meetings with Polish friends were especially dear to the composer also because Chopin did not have his own family.
His hope of marrying Maria Wodzińska, the daughter of one of the wealthy Polish nobles, did not come true. Maria's parents did not want to see their daughter married to a musician, although world-famous, but earning money for a living by labor. For many years he connected his life with the famous French writer Aurora Dudevant, who appeared in print under the pseudonym George Sand.
Judging by " musical portraits» Constance Gladkovskaya and Maria Wodzińska, Chopin valued above all in them the charm of purity created by his imagination. Anything could be found in George Sand, but not this. By that time she was using scandalous reputation. Chopin could not help but know this. But Liszt and his friend Marie d'Agou highly valued the literary talent of George Sand and it was about this that they talked with Chopin and Mickiewicz, emphasizing that they value her primarily as a writer. They also contributed to the appearance of George Sand on musical evenings at Chopin.
George Sand
It must be said that there is not much reliable information about the history of Chopin's relationship with George Sand. Not everyone agrees with George Sand herself, who portrayed Chopin's guardian angel in front of his friends and described to them her "self-sacrifice" and "motherly cares" for the composer. Liszt, in a book published during George Sand's lifetime, quite unambiguously accused her of being the cause of his untimely death. Wojciech Grzymala, one of Chopin's closest friends, also believed that George Sand, "who poisoned his whole existence", was responsible for his death. Wilhelm Lenz, a student of Chopin, called her “poisonous plant”, deeply indignant at how arrogantly, arrogantly and dismissively George Sand treated Chopin even in the presence of strangers. Over the years, Chopin gave concerts less and less, limiting himself to performing in a narrow circle of friends.
He devoted himself entirely to creativity. His sonatas, scherzos, ballads, impromptu New episode etudes, the most poetic nocturnes, preludes and still beloved mazurkas and polonaises. Along with light lyrical pieces more and more often, works full of dramatic depth, and often tragedy, came out from under his pen. Such is the Second Sonata, with a funeral march, which belongs to the highest achievements of the composer, all Polish music and Romantic art in general. Jozef Chominski, describing the first two parts of the sonata, said: "After the heroic struggle, the funeral march is, obviously, the last act of the drama." Chopin considered the funeral march as an emotional outcome, dramatically completing the development of images. We have the right to call this drama, the images of which unfold in the Chopin sonata, national tragedy. Chopin's funeral march is recognized as the most outstanding work of this genre. This march occupied a special, exceptional place not only in musical literature, but also in the life of mankind, for it is difficult to find a more sublime, more beautiful and more tragic embodiment of the feeling of sorrow. Chopin's life in Paris was, if not happy, then favorable for creativity. His talent has reached the pinnacle.
The publication of Chopin's works no longer encounters obstacles, taking lessons from him is considered a great honor, and hearing him play is a rare happiness available to a select few. Last years the composer's life was sad. His friend Jan Matuszynski died, followed by his beloved father. The quarrel and break with George Sand made him completely lonely. Chopin never recovered from these brutal blows. Exacerbated lung disease, which Chopin suffered from a young age. The last two years the composer wrote almost nothing. His funds have dried up. To improve his difficult financial situation, Chopin made a trip to London at the invitation of English friends. Having gathered the last strength, the patient, he gives concerts and lessons there. An enthusiastic reception at first pleases him, inspires vigor. But the damp climate of England quickly took its toll. Hectic life, full of secular, often empty and meaningless entertainment, began to tire him. Chopin's letters from London reflect his gloomy mood, and often suffering:
“I am no longer able to worry or rejoice - I have completely ceased to feel anything - I just vegetate and wait for this to end as soon as possible.”
Chopin gave his last concert in London, which turned out to be the last in his life, in favor of Polish emigrants. On the advice of doctors, he hastily returned to Paris. The last work of the composer was a mazurka in F minor, which he could no longer play, he wrote it down only on paper. At his request, his older sister Ludwika arrived from Poland, in whose arms he died.
How many famous and truly talented people Can you name? This article will open for you one of them - the famous Polish musician Frederic Chopin.
Frederic Chopin was born in 1810 in the small town of Zhelyazova Wola, located in Poland. The name Chopin was popular here, this family respected and considered one of the most intelligent. There were 3 children in the family, 2 of which were daughters.
The emergence of a love for music
The love of music began to manifest itself in Frederick with early childhood thanks to the fact that parents raised their children, instilling in them a love of music and poetry. Future musician already at the age of 5 I tried to perform at concerts, and at the age of 12 he reached great heights in the musical field, adult musicians could envy him.
Chopin loved to travel, in addition to the Czech Republic and Germany, he visited Russia. There, with his piano playing, he did not leave indifferent the Emperor Alexander I himself, for which he awarded the musician with a diamond ring.
Doom Tour
At the age of nineteen, Frederic gives his concerts, which are used in home country good demand. At 20, Chopin goes on his first tour of Europe. But come back from it young musician already failed.
In his native Poland, the persecution of supporters of the Polish uprising began, and Frederick was one of them. The young musician decided to stay in Paris. In honor of this, Frederick has a new masterpiece - the Revolutionary Study.
Ballads about the Motherland
The Polish writer Adam Mickiewicz, thanks to his poetry, inspired Chopin to write four ballads about his homeland. His ballads were filled with traditional folk elements, but they were not just musical works- it was a description of the author's feelings about experiencing for his people and his country.
Chopin was a true patriot of his country and, even being several thousand kilometers from his homeland, he did not stop thinking about it. Thanks to an abnormal love for his people and his land, Frederick has masterpieces that are in demand to this day.
Chopin Preludes
Chopin presented the genre of "nocturne" to the people in a new way. In the new interpretation, the lyrical and dramatic sketch came to the fore. At the time of the first falling in love and a bitter break with his beloved, Frederick is at the peak of his work - then a cycle was released, consisting of 24 preludes. Chopin's preludes are a kind of musical diary in which the author lays out all his experiences and pain.
Chopin's teachings
Thanks to Chopin's talent not only as a performer, but also as a teacher, many pianists have reached a professional level. This was all achieved with the universal pianistic technique.
His lessons were attended not only by young people, but also by young aristocratic ladies. Thanks to Frederick's lessons many students have reached not small heights in the musical field.
Trying to get married
IN family life the musician did not achieve such success as in the musical field. After he wanted to marry his peer, her parents decided to test him for financial stability and put forward a number of strict conditions. Chopin did not manage to justify the hopes of his beloved's parents, so they decided to part. After that, the second sonata appeared, the slow part of which was called "Funeral March".
Romance with the Baroness
The next passion of Frederick was Baroness Aurora Dudevant, who was famous throughout Paris. The couple hid their relationship, even in the paintings Chopin was never captured with his brides.
All free time lovers spent in Mallorca. Quarrels with Aurora and a humid climate led to tuberculosis in the musician.
Death of a musician
Parting with Aurora Dudevant finally broke Frederick and he was bedridden. At the age of 39 talented musician left this land with a diagnosis of complicated pulmonary tuberculosis. Even before his death, he bequeathed to take away his heart and take him to his homeland. His wish was granted. The musician was buried in the French cemetery Pere Lachaise.
Interesting facts about the musician:
- His father spent time before his youth in France, where Frederic ended his life.
- Even as a child, hearing music, Chopin had tears in his eyes.
- The famous pianist Wojciech Zhivny was reputed to be Frederick's teacher, and at the moment the second was 12 years old, the teacher said that he could no longer teach the boy anything.
- Chopin had blond hair and blue eyes.
- The most beloved and respected composer of the Polish musician was Mozart.
- Waltzes are considered the most "intimate" works of Chopin.
- At Frederick's funeral, Mozart's Requiem was played.
So Frederic Chopin was outstanding personality, which influenced the history of not only their state, but also culture in general.
