home › Reviews › The problem of ambiguous perception of art by different people (Why do some people immerse themselves in the world created by the artist, while others remain deaf to beauty?). The problem of understanding contemporary creativity The problem of a utilitarian attitude to art

The problem of ambiguous perception of art by different people (Why do some people immerse themselves in the world created by the artist, while others remain deaf to beauty?). The problem of understanding contemporary creativity The problem of a utilitarian attitude to art

The focus of our attention is the text of the outstanding Soviet and Russian writer Viktor Petrovich Astafiev, which describes the moral problem of neglect of art, which is one of the main tragedies of modern society.

The relevance of this problem is very important, because the values of modern society are truly frightening. Unconsciousness, haste, the cycle of personal experiences and the daily pursuit of something more valuable have turned most of us into a society of "blind" people. Indeed, when last time you were on theater production, a symphony concert or a ballet? Perhaps, returning home from work, you stopped at some pleasant street concert and thereby cheered yourself up? Would any of us be able to answer these questions in the affirmative? I think the answer is obvious.

The author's position is clear: young people have lost touch with art and turned into egoists. So, for example symphony concert in Essentuki, Viktor Petrovich narrates: “... already from the middle of the first part of the concert, the audience crowded into the hall for musical event just because it is free, they began to leave the hall.

Yes, if only they left him just like that, silently, carefully, no, with indignation, cries, abuse, as if they had deceived them in their best desires and dreams. While reading this passage, I felt a sense of shame and embarrassment for everyone who allowed himself to leave so defiantly.

I understand and share the position of the author, because each of us has our own hobby, work, and we treat this painstakingly and with love. Who would not be offended by such an attitude to work, in which so much effort and soul has been invested. Yes, classical music is not understood by everyone, it is part of an elite culture and it requires a certain degree of intellectual preparation. But we must not forget about education, respect and everything that should have stopped these spectators in time.

The urgency of this problem was obvious to Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, who was always against the inhabitants of life, who want to retire from the whole world and are not interested in anything. With the help of the heroes of the works "The Man in the Case" and "Gooseberries" by Belikov and Himalayan, the author shows us how boring and empty a person is not interested in the beauty of the world around him, all its charms created by man and nature.

My mother told me that as a baby, I only fell asleep under classical music, and in first grade I went to a concert at the Philharmonic for the first time and was so full of enthusiasm that the next day I was enrolled in a piano circle. I studied there until the eighth grade, and now I often play music and listen to classical music. Perhaps this makes me old-fashioned, but for me, art, whether it be music, architecture or painting, is primarily a spiritual food in which, upon close examination, one can see the reflection of the author or, with special luck, oneself ...

Thus, one should not lose this thin thread in oneself, which will save one from many adversities. I think that any mental organization is a subtle matter that has its own weak sides, that is why we must keep in ourselves such concepts as frugality, respect for other people's work and a willingness to contemplate and create. Only by developing and rising spiritually can we consider ourselves full-fledged individuals.

Updated: 2017-03-18

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.

Thank you for your attention.

Firstly, the time gap separating us from the works of art of the past, and the absence of such in the perception contemporary art leaves an inevitable imprint on the understanding of the latter. We are deprived of the opportunity to objectively evaluate and correctly interpret modernity, because we create it ourselves. Or rather, we are able to understand the deep momentary meaning of a certain work, the one that was originally laid in it. Perhaps we will understand him better than subsequent generations, as, say, Baudelaire or Gürnberg was more clearly understood by their contemporaries then, and not by us now. But at the same time, we will not be able to assess the significance of this or that work of our time. This takes time.

Secondly, contemporary art (let's talk about cinematography, music) is extremely diverse. The matter is further complicated by the fact that every genre closed in itself is very eclectic in itself. You can even say that now you don’t have to talk about some separate genre, in line with which the artist creates (in the shir.sm.sl.), but now every artist, every musician (music group), every director is a separate individual genre. Everyone creates at the intersection. Therefore, no one can attribute themselves to any particular genre. Hence another difficulty in the interpretation of contemporary art.

Thirdly, it is worth noting that the art of modernity is developed extremely unevenly. For example, musical, cinematographic directions, photography, and possibly painting are actively developing. Less active and successful - literature. This is due to the fact that the first of these areas of art are characterized by extreme emotionality. It is very difficult for a modern person to concentrate, to gather at one point, which is necessary, for example, to write or read a serious novel. Music, instant photography, drawing, film as compressed visual literature - all this is the best fit for the ability of modern man to perceive. It cannot be argued that our consciousness has become "clip". It must be remembered that a song or a film is a finished work of art, which we perceive as a whole and in no way in a clip way. But the amount of time that we can devote to this or that work has changed. Hence, the form of this work also changed - it became more concise, precise, outrageous, and so on. (depending on the purpose of the author). This is important to consider when analyzing contemporary art.

In general, one can say that the main problem consists in identifying contemporary art as art in general. You often encounter the absence of any landmarks with which to correlate the work of contemporary authors. It has become impossible to compare with the classics, because it is practically impossible to find the points of intersection of the old and the new. There is either a repetition of what has already been created earlier, or the creation of something completely unlike anything else. The so-called classic, as it were, stands aside. I do not mean technical methods, but the meanings and ideas invested in this or that work. For example, such a genre as cyberpunk affects completely different layers of human existence than just science fiction. It is clear that we can refer to science fiction as the progenitor of this kind of genre, but it is also clear that issues arise with cyberpunk that science fiction will not tell us anything about. Therefore, modern works of art are, as it were, thrown into the void, where there are no reference points, but only other similarly abandoned, individual new creations to death.

Good afternoon

EGE coming soon. To organize everything that you have read, do a few tasks.

Highlight with a marker those “universal” works in which you are “freely oriented”.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
ON THE. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

* if you have selected (a) less than 3 works, then URGENTLY flip through those that you read (a)!

Make sure that you can quickly pick up arguments for the following problems (use both "universal" and any other examples from literature and life).

The relationship between fathers and children.
The problem of finding ways of mutual understanding between people of different age generations (What affects the relationship between fathers and children, the emergence of differences in their worldview? How can representatives of different generations learn to respect each other's views?)
· The problem of selfless and all-forgiving parental love.
· The problem of betrayal by children of their parents.
The role of childhood in the formation of a person's personality, his moral guidelines.
The problem of the influence of childhood on the formation life position person, as well as on the formation of his moral guidelines.
· The problem of the role of a caring adult in shaping the personality of a teenager (How can adults influence the life of teenagers?).
The problem of the influence of childhood events, childhood and youthful experiences on the formation of a person’s character, his further fate(What influence do the events that occurred in childhood have on the formation of a person's character?).
Role classical literature V spiritual development modern society.
· The problem of the role of the book in the intellectual, spiritual, moral development of modern society.
· The problem of reducing the level of reader activity in modern society(Why modern youth started reading less? Has society's attitude towards books changed? Can television become an alternative to books?).
· The problem of understanding the importance and necessity of studying literature at school (Do modern schoolchildren need to study literature?).
The complexity and inconsistency of human actions.
The problem of betrayal, which caused destruction friendly relations(Is it possible to continue friendship after betrayal?).
· The problem of a person's moral choice in an extreme life situation.
The problem of difference true heroism from false heroism associated with the senseless risk of one's own life.
human nobility.
· Problem honor as one of the main factors influencing moral choice person.
· Problem conscience And responsibility a person for his actions (What can a negligent, indifferent attitude of a person to his work lead to?).
The problem of human perseverance in achieving the set goals.
The problem of human nobility(What is the true greatness of man?).
Honor and human dignity.
· The problem of the loss of moral values (What does the loss of moral values lead to?).
· The problem of protecting honor and dignity.
· Problem true and false life values.
Relationships of a person with other people.
The problem of overcoming selfishness in relationships with other people.
The problem of self-giving in a relationship with a person whom you consider your friend.
· Problem true friendship.
The problem of manifestation rudeness people in relation to each other (How do manifestations of rudeness affect people? Is it possible to resist its manifestation?).
· Problem relationship with the elderly(What needs to be done to old man felt needed by his loved ones and was happy?).
· Problem helping a desperate man to have faith in himself.
Man's perception of the world around him.
The problem of loss modern man ability to enjoy life small household troubles.
· The problem of gaining a joyful worldview (Why is it necessary to learn a culture of joy?).
Human loneliness.
· The problem of human loneliness (When and why does a person feel lonely? How can you help him get rid of this feeling?).
· Problem child's loneliness in the world of adults (Why is it unacceptable for a child to feel lonely?).
· Problem lonely old age.
Man and art.
· Problem ambiguous perception art by different people (Why do some people immerse themselves in the world created by the artist, while others remain deaf to beauty?).
· The problem of the appointment of genuine art (What kind of art does society need?).
The problem of human perception of music.
Man's relation to the natural world.
· The problem of a soulless, consumerist, ruthless attitude of man to the natural world.
· The problem of human susceptibility or insensitivity to the beauty of nature.
The problem of the influence of the beauty of nature on the mood and way of thinking of a person.
· The problem of the negative impact of the scientific and technological process on the relationship between man and nature (What is the negative impact of civilization on human life, his relationship with nature?).
· Problem homeless animals(Is a person obligated to help homeless animals?).
Careful attitude person to language.
· The problem of language ecology (What changes are currently taking place in the Russian language? How do modern Russians relate to the culture of their speech? Why is it necessary to take emergency measures to preserve and maintain the purity and correctness of Russian speech?).
The man and the power with which he is endowed.
The problem of the influence of power on the character and actions of a person endowed with it (How should people behave towards others who have received special powers and privileges? Why does even minimal power make some people cruel and rude?).
Compassion for others.
The problem of the presence or absence of a person's ability to empathy (How does the possession of the ability to empathy or the lack of such an ability affect a person's life? Is it necessary to cultivate a sense of compassion in a person?).
· The problem of effective compassion.
The problem of sympathy and active assistance to a person.
Man's attitude towards war.
The problem of man's attitude to war (Why human consciousness cannot recognize the very fact of the war?).
The problem of the state of mind of a person in a war (How do military events and related human tragedies affect state of mind people, their ability to empathize?).
The problem of human behavior in war (How did the war make a person behave? What helped people behave heroically during the war years? What led Soviet people to victory?).
The problem of heroism and resilience in the face of severe military trials (What makes ordinary people courageous and resilient during the war years? Why were people willing to sacrifice themselves during the war years? What can be done to an ordinary person in emergency situations?).
· The problem of manifestation of humanism in difficult military conditions.

If you can, then read following books(at least take a look at the content):

"On Western front no change" Erich Maria Remarque
The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Fitzgerald
"Russian language on the verge nervous breakdown» Maxim Anisimovich Krongauz (!!!)

"Letters about the good and the beautiful" by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev

Make your own list of works that you need to read / repeat before the exam:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

And here is a PDF file for download: https://yadi.sk/i/sGxx37Um3GQjKm

Text. K.I. Krivoshein
(1) Following Fyodor Mikhailovich, we will not exclaim today: "Beauty will save the world!", Dostoevsky's naivety is touching. (2) The time has come to save Beauty itself.
(3) Not only philosophical meaning, objective assessments of Beauty have been formed for centuries.
(4) We all know that children under the age of five are remarkably able to draw and, moreover, distinguish the beautiful from the ugly.
(5) With their unspoiled taste, they intuitively separate the truth from lies, and as they grow older and, as they said in the USSR, “under the onslaught environment» lose their natural immunity. (b) Moreover, I am almost sure that at birth every person is endowed with the talent to feel Beauty. (7) The modern museum visitor is confused, new formulas are hammered into him, which is why it is difficult for a person to determine which is more perfect: Bellini, Raphael, a Greek statue or modern installations. (8) Superficial taste and fashion still cannot kill the true selection in us: we will unmistakably distinguish handsome man from a freak or a beautiful landscape from a concrete suburb.
(9) Known fact: most people are completely devoid of any desire to develop their taste. (Y) Modern construction, faceless cities, cheap clothes, literature designed for the average layman, "soap operas" and so on - all this leads to domestication.
(I) Despite this, I don’t think that there are many fans, both from the “ill-mannered” and “educated” environment, who would contemplate for hours installations from Ilya Kabakov’s toilet bowls and garbage dumps ... (12) Statistics say about something else: love and sympathy pull the flow of people to eternal values, be it the Louvre, the Hermitage or the Prado...
(13) Today I often hear that you need to play art, treat it as an easy game. (14) This game of Art is equated with some form of innovation. (15) I would say that this is enough dangerous games, you can play so much that you lose your balance, the line, the line ... beyond which anarchy and chaos already reign, and they are replaced by emptiness and ideology.
(16) Our apocalyptic 20th century broke established views and predilections. (17) For centuries, the basis of plastic expression, literary and musical, of course, was our Creator, God and Faith, and the Muses of Beauty for centuries worked on the harmony of divine and earthly beauty. (18) This is the basis and meaning of Art itself.
(19) Our developing civilization, like a fire-breathing dragon, devours everything in its path. (20) We live in eternal fear for tomorrow, godlessness has led to the loneliness of the soul, and feelings are in anticipation of the everyday apocalypse. (21) The poverty of the spirit dulled not only the creators, but also the connoisseurs. (22) We only have to admire the beauty in museums. (23) What we see in modern galleries sometimes causes the feeling that someone is mocking the viewer. (24) New forms, manifestos and a revolution in art, which began in the 20th century, with such pomp and enthusiasm, passed around the planet, began to stall and misfire at the end of the millennium. (25) The artist, having refined himself and gutted himself inside out, no longer knows what else to come up with in order to attract attention. (26) Real schools of excellence have disappeared, replaced by amateurism, boundless self-expression and big game into money.
(27) What awaits us in the new millennium, will there be those guides of Beauty who will lead her out of the labyrinth?
(K.I. Krivosheina)

Composition
The author of the text, K.I. Krivoshein, touches upon the important problem of assessing the beautiful and the attitude to art. The situation that has developed in society, the stereotypes imposed on the individual in the perception of the beautiful and the ugly seem dangerous to the author, as a result of which she exclaims that the time has come to save beauty.
K.I. Krivosheina writes that in childhood a person easily distinguishes the beautiful from the ugly, but later his taste deteriorates: “modern construction, faceless cities, cheap clothes, literature designed for the average man in the street, “soap operas” lead to “domestication”. Few people seek to develop their taste. However, the author assures that no fashion can kill a person's sense of beauty. But the main thing that the publicist calls us to is a serious and careful handling of art, the meaning of which is in the harmony of earthly and divine beauty.
Then those works of so-called art, which the author mentions in the text and which are reduced to "amateur" and "game of money", will not obscure the true art, created not for the sake of stereotypes. mass culture. In this I agree with the author.
The problem of evaluating beauty has attracted the attention of writers before. I remember the story of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych" and the Turkin family described in it, which was considered the most intelligent and educated in the city, feeling beauty and having good taste. But is it? The daughter, Ekaterina Ivanovna, plays the piano for the guests, hits the keys so that it seems to Startsev that stones are falling from the mountains. Mother writes a novel about what does not happen in life, about non-existent problems and passions that are not interesting to anyone. Can their work be classified as beautiful? I don't think so. So they could appreciate only the townspeople with unpretentious taste.
In my opinion, what can be classified as beautiful is built on the principle of harmony. Works of genuine art endure centuries. These, no doubt, include poems, fairy tales, poems by A.S. Pushkin. Written in a simple and at the same time elegant language, they touch the strings of the reader's soul. Generations change, but the charm of Pushkin's lines does not fade. While still children, we plunge into the wonderful world of the poet's fairy tales, read the prologue to the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", then get acquainted with the lyrics and finally read the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin". I especially like landscape sketches poet. In them I feel the breath of winter, the charm of early autumn, I see the “noisy caravan geese”, a pale spot of the moon or a wolf walking on the road. I think many will join my opinion that such a touching reflection of life is possible only in true art. I would like to hope that even today, despite the words of the author that “real schools of skill have disappeared”, there are authors whose works will be appreciated by posterity.

In this selection, we have described the main problems encountered in the texts for preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. The arguments below the problem statement headings are taken from famous works and demonstrate each problematic aspect. You can download all these examples from the literature in table format (link at the end of the article).

In your play "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov showed a soulless world, mired in material values and empty entertainment. This is the world Famus Society. Its representatives are against education, against books and sciences. Famusov himself says: “I would like to take away all the books, but burn them.” In this stuffy swamp, turned away from culture and truth, it is impossible for an enlightened person, Chatsky, who is rooting for the fate of Russia, for its future.
M. Bitter in his play At the bottom”showed a world devoid of spirituality. Quarrels, misunderstandings, disputes reign in the rooming house. Heroes are really at the bottom of life. There is no place for culture in their everyday life: they are not interested in books, paintings, theaters and museums. In the rooming house, only the young girl Nastya reads, and she reads romance novels, which in artistically lose a lot. The Actor often quotes lines from famous plays, as he himself used to perform on stage, and this emphasizes the gulf between the Actor himself and real art. The heroes of the play are cut off from culture, so their life is like a series of successive gray days.
In the play by D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" landlords are ignorant townsfolk, obsessed with greed and gluttony. Mrs. Prostakova is rude to her husband and servants, is rude and oppresses everyone who is below her in social status. This noble woman is alien to culture, but she tries to impose it on her son in time with fashion trends. However, nothing comes of it, because by her example she teaches Mitrofan to be a stupid, limited and ill-mannered person who does not have to humiliate people. In the finale, the hero openly tells his mother to leave him alone, refusing to console her.
In the poem " Dead Souls» N. V. Gogol the landlords, the backbone of Russia, appear to readers as vile and vicious people without a hint of spirituality and enlightenment. For example, Manilov only pretends that he - man of culture, but the book on his desk was covered in dust. The box is not at all shy about its narrow outlook, openly demonstrating utter stupidity. Sobakevich focuses only on material values, spiritual ones are not important to him. And the same Chichikov does not care about his enlightenment, he is only concerned about enrichment. This is how the writer portrayed the world of high society, the world of people who, by right of class, were given power. This is the tragedy of the work.

The influence of art on man

One of the brightest books significant place takes a work of art, is a novel Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray. The portrait painted by Basil Hallward truly changes the life of not only the artist himself, who falls in love with his creation, but also the life of the young model, Dorian Gray himself. The picture becomes a reflection of the hero's soul: all the actions that Dorian performs immediately distort the image in the portrait. In the end, when the hero clearly sees what his inner essence has become, he can no longer continue to live in peace. IN this work art becomes magic power which reveals to man his own inner world answering eternal questions.
In the essay "Straightened" G.I. Uspensky touches upon the theme of the influence of art on man. The first part of the narrative in the work is connected with the Venus de Milo, the second is connected with Tyapushkin, a modest village teacher, the ups and downs of his life and the radical change that occurred in him after the memory of Venus. Central image- the image of Venus de Milo, a stone riddle. The meaning of this image is the personification of the spiritual beauty of man. This incarnation eternal value art that shakes the personality and straightens it. The memory of her allows the hero to find the strength to stay in the village and do a lot for ignorant people.
In the work of I. S. Turgenev "Faust" the heroine never read fiction although she was already an adult. Upon learning of this, her friend decided to read aloud to her the famous play by Goethe about how a medieval doctor was looking for the meaning of life. Under the influence of what she heard, the woman changed a lot. She realized that she lived wrong, found love and surrendered to feelings that she did not understand before. This is how a work of art can awaken a person from sleep.
In the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Poor people" main character all his life he lived in ignorance until he met Varenka Dobroselova, who began to develop him by sending books. Prior to this, Makar read only low-quality works without deep meaning so his personality didn't develop. He put up with the insignificant and empty routine of his existence. But the literature of Pushkin and Gogol changed him: he became actively thinking person who even learned to write letters better under the influence of such masters of the word.

True and false art

Richard Aldington in the novel "Death of a Hero" in the images of Shobb, Bobb and Tobb, trendsetters literary theories modernism, showed the problem of false culture. These people are busy with empty talk, not real art. Each of them comes up with his own point of view, considers himself unique, but, in essence, all their theories are one and the same empty talk. It is no coincidence that the names of these heroes are similar, like twin brothers.
In the novel " Master and Margarita "M.A. Bulgakov showed the life of literary Moscow in the 30s. The editor-in-chief of MASSOLIT Berlioz is a chameleon man, he adapts to any external conditions, any power, system. His literary house works by order of the rulers, there are no muses for a long time and there is no art, real and sincere. Therefore, a truly talented novel is rejected by editors and not recognized by readers. The authorities said that there is no God, which means that literature says the same thing. However, culture, which is stamped to order, is only propaganda, which has nothing to do with art.
In the story of N. V. Gogol "Portrait" the artist traded true skill for the recognition of the crowd. Chartkov found the money hidden in the purchased painting, but it only inflated his ambition and greed, and over time his needs only grew. He began to work only to order, became a fashionable painter, but he had to forget about true art, there was no room left for inspiration in his soul. He realized his wretchedness only when he saw the work of a master of his craft, what once he could become. Since then, he has been buying up and destroying genuine masterpieces, finally losing his mind and ability to create. Unfortunately, the line between true and false art is very thin and easy to overlook.

The role of culture in society

He showed the problem of removal from spiritual culture in post-war times in his novel "Three Comrades" by E.M. Remarque. This topic is not given a central place, but one episode reveals the problem of a society that is mired in material concerns and has forgotten about spirituality. So, when Robert and Patricia walk through the streets of the city, they run into art gallery. And the author, through the mouth of Robert, tells us that people stopped coming here a long time ago in order to enjoy art. Here are those who hide from the rain or heat. Spiritual culture has faded into the background in a world where hunger, unemployment, and death reign. People in the post-war period are trying to survive, and in their world, culture has lost its value, as well as human life. Having lost the value of the spiritual aspects of being, they went berserk. In particular, a friend of the protagonist, Lenz, dies from the antics of a rabid crowd. In a society without moral and cultural guidelines, there is no place for peace, so war easily arises in it.
Ray Bradbury in the novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit" showed the world of people who refused books. Anyone who tries to preserve these most valuable pantry cultures of mankind is severely punished. And in this world of the future, there are many people who have put up with or even support the general trend of destroying books. Thus, they themselves distanced themselves from culture. The author shows his characters as empty, meaningless townsfolk, fixated on the TV screen. They talk about nothing, do nothing. They just exist without even feeling or thinking. That is why the role of art and culture is very important in modern world. Without them, he will become impoverished and lose everything that we value so much: individuality, freedom, love and other non-material values of the individual.

Culture of behavior

In the comedy Undergrowth "D.I. Fonvizin shows the world of ignorant nobles. This is Prostakova, and her brother Skotinin, and main undergrowth Mitrofan family. These people in their every movement, word show lack of culture. The vocabulary of Prostakova and Skotinin is rude. Mitrofan is a real lazy person, accustomed to everyone running after him and fulfilling his every whim. People who are trying to teach Mitrofan something are not needed either by Prostakova or by the undergrowth himself. However, such an approach to life does not lead the heroes to anything good: in the person of Starodum, retribution comes to them, putting everything in its place. So sooner or later, ignorance will still fall under its own weight.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in a fairy tale « wild landlord» showed the highest degree lack of culture, when it is no longer possible to distinguish a person from a beast. Previously, the landowner lived on everything ready thanks to the peasants. He himself did not bother himself with work or education. But time has passed. Reform. The peasants are gone. Thus, the external gloss of the nobleman was removed. His true nature begins to emerge. He grows hair, begins to walk on all fours, stops speaking articulately. So, without labor, culture and enlightenment, a person turned into an animal-like creature.

Popular in category: