The title of the topic is about the war. Works about the war

The theme of the Great Patriotic War in literature: essay-reasoning. Works of the Great Patriotic War: "Vasily Terkin", "The Fate of Man", " Last Stand Major Pugachev. Writers of the 20th century: Varlam Shalamov, Mikhail Sholokhov, Alexander Tvardovsky.

410 words, 4 paragraphs

World War broke into the USSR unexpectedly for ordinary people. If the politicians could still know or guess, then the people certainly remained in the dark until the first bombing. The Soviets failed to prepare on a full scale, and our army, limited in resources and weapons, was forced to retreat in the first years of the war. Although I was not a participant in those events, I consider it my duty to know everything about them, so that later I can tell the children about everything. The world must never forget that monstrous struggle. Not only I think so, but also those writers and poets who told about the war to me and my peers.

First of all, I mean Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin". In this work, the author depicted a collective image of a Russian soldier. This is a cheerful and strong-willed guy who is always ready to go into battle. He rescues his comrades, helps civilians, every day he has a silent feat in the name of saving the Motherland. But he does not build himself a hero, he has enough humor and modesty to keep himself simple and do his job without further ado. This is how I see my great-grandfather, who died in that war.

I also remember Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man". Andrey Sokolov is also a typical Russian soldier, whose fate contained all the sorrows of the Russian people: he lost his family, was taken prisoner, and even after returning home, he almost ended up on trial. It would seem that a person cannot withstand such an assertive hail of blows, but the author emphasizes that not only Andrey stood - everyone stood to death for the sake of the Motherland. The strength of a hero lies in his unity with the people who shared his heavy burden. For Sokolov, all the victims of the war became family, so he takes the orphan Vanechka to him. I imagine my great-grandmother as kind and persistent, who did not live to see my birthday, but, being a nurse, hundreds of children came out who are teaching me today.

In addition, I remember Shalamov's story "The Last Battle of Major Pugachev." There, a soldier, innocently punished, escapes from prison, but, unable to achieve freedom, kills himself. I have always admired his sense of justice and the courage to stand up for it. He is a strong and worthy defender of the fatherland, and I feel sorry for his fate. But after all, those who today forget that unprecedented feat of selflessness of our ancestors are no better than the authorities that imprisoned Pugachev and doomed him to death. They are even worse. Therefore, today I would like to be like that major who was not afraid of death, just to defend the truth. Today, the truth about that war needs to be defended like never before... And I will not forget it thanks to Russian literature of the 20th century.

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Many years separate us from the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). But time does not reduce interest in this topic, drawing the attention of today's generation to the distant front-line years, to the origins of the feat and courage of the Soviet soldier - hero, liberator, humanist. Yes, the writer's word on the war and about the war is hard to overestimate; A well-aimed, striking, uplifting word, a poem, a song, a ditty, a bright heroic image of a fighter or commander - they inspired the soldiers to exploits, led to victory. These words are still full of patriotic sound today, they poetize the service to the Motherland, affirm the beauty and grandeur of our moral values. That is why we again and again return to the works that made up the golden fund of literature about the Great Patriotic War.

Just as there was nothing equal to this war in the history of mankind, so in the history of world art there was no such number of different kinds of works as about this tragic time. The theme of the war sounded especially strongly in Soviet literature. From the very first days of the grandiose battle, our writers stood in line with all the fighting people. More than a thousand writers took part in the fighting on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, defending their native land “with a pen and machine gun”. Of the more than 1000 writers who went to the front, more than 400 did not return from the war, 21 became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

Famous masters of our literature (M. Sholokhov, L. Leonov, A. Tolstoy, A. Fadeev, Vs. Ivanov, I. Ehrenburg, B. Gorbatov, D. Poor, V. Vishnevsky, V. Vasilevsky, K. Simonov, A Surkov, B. Lavrenyov, L. Sobolev and many others) became correspondents for front-line and central newspapers.

“There is no greater honor for the Soviet writer,” A. Fadeev wrote in those years, “and there is no higher task for Soviet art than the daily and tireless service of weapons artistic word to his people in the terrible hours of battle.

When the cannons thundered, the muses were not silent. Throughout the war - both in the difficult time of failures and retreats, and in the days of victories - our literature strove to reveal the moral qualities as fully as possible. Soviet man. While instilling love for the motherland, Soviet literature also instilled hatred for the enemy. Love and hate, life and death - these contrasting concepts were inseparable at that time. And it was precisely this contrast, this contradiction that carried the highest justice and the highest humanism. The power of the literature of the war years, the secret of its wonderful creative success- inextricably linked with the people heroically fighting against the German invaders. Russian literature, which has long been famous for its closeness to the people, has perhaps never been so closely connected with life and has never been so purposeful as in 1941-1945. In essence, it has become the literature of one theme - the theme of war, the theme of the Motherland.

The writers breathed one breath with the struggling people and felt like “trench poets”, and all literature as a whole, in the apt expression of A. Tvardovsky, was “the voice of the heroic soul of the people” (History of the Russian Soviet literature/ Ed. P. Vykhodtseva.-M., 1970.-S.390).

Soviet wartime literature was multi-problem and multi-genre. Poems, essays, journalistic articles, stories, plays, poems, novels were created by writers during the war years. Moreover, if in 1941 small - "operational" genres prevailed, then over time, works of larger ones begin to play a significant role. literary genres(Kuzmichev I. Genres of Russian literature of the war years. - Gorky, 1962).

The role of prose works is significant in the literature of the war years. Based on the heroic traditions of Russian and Soviet literature, the prose of the Great Patriotic War reached great creative heights. The golden fund of Soviet literature includes such works created during the war years as “The Russian Character” by A. Tolstoy, “The Science of Hatred” and “They Fought for the Motherland” by M. Sholokhov, “The Capture of Velikoshumsk” by L. Leonov, “The Young Guard” A. Fadeeva, "Unconquered" by B. Gorbatov, "Rainbow" by V. Vasilevskaya and others, which became an example for writers of post-war generations.

The traditions of the literature of the Great Patriotic War are the foundation of the creative search for modern Soviet prose. Without these traditions, which have become classical, based on a clear understanding of the decisive role of the masses in the war, their heroism and selfless devotion to the Motherland, those remarkable successes that have been achieved by Soviet “military” prose today would not have been possible.

Own further development prose about the Great Patriotic War received in the first post-war years. Wrote "Bonfire" K. Fedin. M. Sholokhov continued to work on the novel "They Fought for the Motherland". In the first post-war decade, a number of works appeared, which are taken as a pronounced desire for a comprehensive depiction of the events of the war to be called "panoramic" novels (the term itself appeared later, when the general typological features of these novels were defined). This " White birch» M. Bubyonnov, “Banners” by O. Gonchar, “Battle of Berlin” Sun. Ivanov, “Spring on the Oder” by E. Kazakevich, “The Tempest” by I. Ehrenburg, “The Tempest” by O. Latsis, “The Rubanyuk Family” by E. Popovkin, “ Unforgettable days” Lynkov, “For the power of the Soviets” by V. Kataev and others.

Despite the fact that many of the "panoramic" novels were characterized by significant shortcomings, such as some "varnishing" of the events depicted, weak psychologism, illustrativeness, straightforward opposition of positive and bad guys, a certain "romanticization" of the war, these works played a role in the development military prose.

A great contribution to the development of Soviet military prose was made by the writers of the so-called "second wave", front-line writers who entered the big literature in the late 1950s and early 1960s. So, Yuri Bondarev burned Manstein's tanks near Stalingrad. Artillerymen were also E. Nosov, G. Baklanov; the poet Alexander Yashin fought in the marines near Leningrad; the poet Sergei Orlov and the writer A. Ananiev - tankers, burned in the tank. Writer Nikolai Gribachev was a platoon commander, and then a sapper battalion commander. Oles Gonchar fought in a mortar crew; infantrymen were V. Bykov, I. Akulov, V. Kondratiev; mortar - M. Alekseev; cadet, and then partisan - K. Vorobyov; signalmen - V. Astafiev and Yu. Goncharov; self-propelled gunner - V. Kurochkin; paratrooper and scout - V. Bogomolov; partisans - D. Gusarov and A. Adamovich ...

What is characteristic of the work of these artists, who came to literature in overcoats smelling of gunpowder with sergeant's and lieutenant's shoulder straps? First of all - the continuation of the classical traditions of Russian Soviet literature. Traditions of M. Sholokhov, A. Tolstoy, A. Fadeev, L. Leonov. For it is impossible to create something new without relying on the best that was achieved by the predecessors. Exploring the classical traditions of Soviet literature, front-line writers not only mechanically assimilated them, but also creatively developed them. And this is natural, because at the core literary process there is always a complex mutual influence of tradition and innovation.

The front-line experience of different writers is not the same. Prose writers of the older generation entered 1941, as a rule, already established artists of the word and went to war to write about the war. Naturally, they could see the events of those years more broadly and comprehend them more deeply than the writers of the middle generation, who fought directly on the front line and hardly thought at that time that they would ever take up a pen. The circle of vision of the latter was rather narrow and was often limited to the limits of a platoon, company, or battalion. This “narrow band through the whole war”, in the words of front-line writer A. Ananiev, also passes through many, especially early, works of prose writers of the middle generation, such as, for example, “Battalions ask for fire” (1957) and “Last volleys” ( 1959) Y. Bondareva, "Crane Cry" (1960), "Third Rocket" (1961) and all subsequent works by V. Bykov, "South of the main blow" (1957) and "Span of the earth" (1959), "The dead are not shameful imut” (1961) by G. Baklanov, “Scream” (1961) and “Killed near Moscow” (1963) by K. Vorobyov, “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess” (1971) by V. Astafyeva and others.

But, yielding to the writers of the older generation in literary experience and "broad" knowledge of the war, the writers of the middle generation had their clear advantage. They spent all four years of the war at the forefront and were not just eyewitnesses of battles and battles, but also their direct participants, who personally experienced all the hardships of trench life. “These were people who bore all the hardships of the war on their shoulders - from its beginning to the end. They were people of the trenches, soldiers and officers; they themselves went on the attack, fired at tanks to furious and furious excitement, silently buried their friends, took skyscrapers that seemed impregnable, with their own hands felt the metallic trembling of a red-hot machine gun, inhaled the garlic smell of German tol and heard how sharply and splashing splinters pierce into the parapet from exploding mines ”(Bondarev Yu. A look into the biography: Collected work. - M., 1970. - T. 3. - S. 389-390.). Yielding in literary experience, they had certain advantages, since they knew war from the trenches (Literature of a great feat. - M., 1975. - Issue 2. - P. 253-254).

This advantage - direct knowledge of the war, the front line, the trench, allowed the writers of the middle generation to give an extremely vivid picture of the war, highlighting the smallest details of front-line life, accurately and strongly showing the most intense minutes - minutes of the battle - everything that they saw with their own eyes and that themselves experienced four years of war. “It is deep personal upheavals that can explain the appearance in the first books of front-line writers of the naked truth of the war. These books have become a revelation that our literature about the war has not yet known ”(Leonov B. Epos of Heroism.-M., 1975.-S.139.).

But it was not the battles themselves that interested these artists. And they wrote the war not for the sake of the war itself. A characteristic trend in the literary development of the 1950s and 60s, which was clearly manifested in their work, is to increase attention to the fate of a person in its relationship with history, to the inner world of the individual in its inseparability from the people. Show a man, his inner, spiritual world, which is most fully revealed at the decisive moment - this is the main thing for which these prose writers took up the pen, who, despite the originality of their individual style, have one common feature - sensitivity to the truth.

Another interesting distinguishing feature characteristic of the work of front-line writers. In their works of the 1950s and 1960s, compared with the books of the previous decade, the tragic accent in the depiction of the war intensified. These books “carried a charge of cruel drama, often they could be defined as“ optimistic tragedies ”, their main characters were soldiers and officers of one platoon, company, battalion, regiment, regardless of whether dissatisfied critics liked it or did not like it, demanding large-scale wide pictures, global sound. These books were far from any calm illustration, they lacked even the slightest didactics, emotion, rational alignment, the substitution of internal truth for external. They had a harsh and heroic soldier's truth (Yu. Bondarev. The development trend of the military-historical novel. - Sobr. soch.-M., 1974.-T. 3.-S.436.).

The war in the image of front-line prose writers is not only, and not even so much, spectacular heroic deeds, outstanding deeds, but tiring everyday work, hard work, bloody, but vital, and from this, how everyone will perform it in their place, Ultimately, victory depended. And it was in this everyday military work that the writers of the "second wave" saw the heroism of the Soviet man. The personal military experience of the writers of the “second wave” determined to a large extent both the very image of the war in their first works (the locality of the described events, extremely compressed in space and time, a very small number of heroes, etc.), and the genre forms that are most appropriate the content of these books. Small genres (story, short story) allowed these writers to most strongly and accurately convey everything that they personally saw and experienced, which filled their feelings and memory to the brim.

It was in the mid-1950s and early 1960s that the story and short story took the leading place in the literature on the Great Patriotic War, significantly replacing the novel, which occupied a dominant position in the first post-war decade. Such a tangible overwhelming quantitative superiority of works written in the form of small genres has led some critics to assert with hasty vehemence that the novel can no longer regain its former leading position in literature, that it is a genre of the past and that today it does not correspond to the pace of time, the rhythm of life, etc. .d.

But time and life themselves have shown the groundlessness and excessive categoricalness of such statements. If in the late 1950s - early 60s the quantitative superiority of the story over the novel was overwhelming, then from the mid-60s the novel gradually regains its lost ground. Moreover, the novel undergoes certain changes. It relies more than before on facts, on documents, on real historical events, boldly introduces real people into the narrative, trying to paint a picture of the war, on the one hand, as widely and fully as possible, and on the other hand, historically with the utmost accuracy. Documents and fiction go hand in hand here, being the two main components.

It was on the combination of document and fiction that such works, which became serious phenomena of our literature, were built, such as "The Living and the Dead" by K. Simonov, "Origins" by G. Konovalov, "Baptism" by I. Akulov, "Blockade", "Victory" A .Chakovsky, "War" by I. Stadnyuk, "Only one life" by S. Barzunov, "Captain" by A. Kron, "Commander" by V. Karpov, "July 41" by G. Baklanov, "Requiem for the caravan PQ-17 » V. Pikul and others. Their appearance was caused by the increased demands in public opinion to objectively, fully present the degree of preparedness of our country for war, the reasons and nature of the summer retreat to Moscow, Stalin's role in leading the preparation and course of hostilities in 1941-1945 and some other socio-historical "knots" that have attracted close interest since the mid-1960s and especially during the perestroika period.

It was widely covered in the literature, especially in Soviet times, since many authors shared their personal experiences and themselves experienced all the horrors described along with ordinary soldiers. Therefore, it is not surprising that first the war and then the post-war years were marked by the writing of a number of works dedicated to the feat of the Soviet people in the brutal struggle against Nazi Germany. You cannot pass by such books and forget about them, because they make us think about life and death, war and peace, past and present. We bring to your attention a list of the best books on the Great Patriotic War that are worth reading and rereading.

Vasil Bykov

Vasil Bykov (books are presented below) - outstanding Soviet writer, public figure and participant in the Second World War. Probably one of the most famous authors military novels. Bykov wrote mainly about a person during the most severe trials that fall to his lot, and about the heroism of ordinary soldiers. Vasil Vladimirovich sang in his works the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. Below we look at the most famous novels this author: Sotnikov, Obelisk and Survive Until Dawn.

"Sotnikov"

The story was written in 1968. This is another example of how it has been described in fiction. Initially, the arbitrariness was called "Liquidation", and the plot was based on the author's meeting with a former fellow soldier, whom he considered dead. In 1976, based on this book, the film "Ascent" was made.

The story tells about a partisan detachment that is in great need of provisions and medicines. Rybak and the intellectual Sotnikov are sent for supplies, who is ill, but volunteers to go, since there were no more volunteers. Long wanderings and searches lead the partisans to the village of Lyasiny, where they rest a little and receive a sheep carcass. Now you can go back. But on the way back they run into a squad of policemen. Sotnikov is seriously injured. Now Rybak must save the life of his comrade and bring the promised provisions to the camp. However, he does not succeed, and together they fall into the hands of the Germans.

"Obelisk"

Many were written by Vasil Bykov. The writer's books were often filmed. One of these books was the story "Obelisk". The work is built according to the “story within a story” type and has a pronounced heroic character.

The hero of the story, whose name remains unknown, comes to the funeral of Pavel Miklashevich, a village teacher. At the commemoration, everyone remembers the deceased with a kind word, but then Frost comes up, and everyone falls silent. On the way home, the hero asks his fellow traveler what kind of Moroz has to do with Miklashevich. Then he is told that Frost was the teacher of the deceased. He treated the children as if they were his own, took care of them, and Miklashevich, who was oppressed by his father, took to live with him. When the war began, Frost helped the partisans. The village was occupied by the police. One day, his students, including Miklashevich, sawed the bridge supports, and the police chief, along with his henchmen, ended up in the water. The boys were caught. Frost, who by that time had fled to the partisans, surrendered in order to free the students. But the Nazis decided to hang both the children and their teachers. Before his execution, Moroz helped Miklashevich escape. The rest were hanged.

"Survive Until Dawn"

The story of 1972. As you can see, the Great Patriotic War in literature continues to be relevant even after decades. This is also confirmed by the fact that Bykov was awarded for this story. State Prize THE USSR. The work tells about the daily life of military intelligence officers and saboteurs. Initially, the story was written in Belarusian, and only then translated into Russian.

November 1941, the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Lieutenant Soviet army Igor Ivanovsky, the main character of the story, is in command of a sabotage group. He will have to lead his comrades behind the front line - to the lands of Belarus, occupied by the German invaders. Their task is to blow up the German ammunition depot. Bykov tells about the feat of ordinary soldiers. It was they, and not staff officers, who became the force that helped win the war.

The book was filmed in 1975. The script for the film was written by Bykov himself.

“And the dawns here are quiet…”

The work of the Soviet and Russian writer Boris Lvovich Vasiliev. One of the most famous front-line stories is largely due to the film adaptation of the same name in 1972. “And the dawns here are quiet…” Boris Vasiliev wrote in 1969. The work is based on real events: during the war, soldiers serving on the Kirov railway prevented German saboteurs from blowing up the railway track. After a fierce battle, only the commander of the Soviet group remained alive, who was awarded the medal "For Military Merit".

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” (Boris Vasiliev) - a book describing the 171st junction in the Karelian wilderness. Here is the calculation of anti-aircraft installations. The soldiers, not knowing what to do, begin to get drunk and mess around. Then Fyodor Vaskov, commandant of the section, asks to "send non-drinkers." The command sends two squads of anti-aircraft gunners to him. And somehow one of the new arrivals notices German saboteurs in the forest.

Vaskov realizes that the Germans want to get to strategic targets and understands that they need to be intercepted here. To do this, he collects a detachment of 5 anti-aircraft gunners and leads them to the Sinyukhina ridge through the swamps along a path he knows alone. During the campaign, it turns out that there are 16 Germans, so he sends one of the girls for reinforcements, while he pursues the enemy. However, the girl does not reach her own and dies in the swamps. Vaskov has to enter into an unequal battle with the Germans, and as a result, the four girls remaining with him die. But still the commandant manages to capture the enemies, and he takes them to the location of the Soviet troops.

The story describes the feat of a man who himself decides to resist the enemy and not allow him to walk on his native land with impunity. Without the order of the authorities, the main character himself goes into battle and takes 5 volunteers with him - the girls volunteered themselves.

"Tomorrow there was a war"

The book is a kind of biography of the author of this work, Boris Lvovich Vasiliev. The story begins with the fact that the writer tells about his childhood, that he was born in Smolensk, his father was the commander of the Red Army. And before becoming at least someone in this life, choosing his profession and deciding on a place in society, Vasiliev became a soldier, like many of his peers.

"Tomorrow there was a war" - a work about the pre-war period. Its main characters are still very young students of the 9th grade, the book tells about their growing up, love and friendship, idealistic youth, which turned out to be too short due to the outbreak of war. The work tells about the first serious confrontation and choice, about the collapse of hopes, about the inevitable growing up. And all this against the backdrop of a looming grave threat that cannot be stopped or avoided. And in a year, these boys and girls will find themselves in the heat of a fierce battle, in which many of them are destined to burn out. However, for your short life they will learn what honor, duty, friendship and truth are.

"Hot Snow"

A novel by front-line writer Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev. The Great Patriotic War in the literature of this writer is presented especially widely and became the main motive of all his work. But most famous work Bondarev is precisely the novel " Hot Snow", written in 1970. The action of the work takes place in December 1942 near Stalingrad. The novel is based on real events - the attempt of the German army to release the sixth army of Paulus, surrounded at Stalingrad. This battle was decisive in the battle for Stalingrad. The book was filmed by G. Egiazarov.

The novel begins with the fact that two artillery platoons under the command of Davlatyan and Kuznetsov will have to gain a foothold on the Myshkova River, and then hold back the advance of German tanks rushing to the rescue of Paulus's army.

After the first wave of the offensive, Lieutenant Kuznetsov's platoon is left with one gun and three soldiers. Nevertheless, the soldiers continue to repel the onslaught of enemies for another day.

"Destiny of Man"

"The Fate of a Man" is a school work that is studied within the framework of the theme "The Great Patriotic War in Literature". The story was written by the famous Soviet writer Mikhail Sholokhov in 1957.

The work describes the life of a simple driver Andrei Sokolov, who had to leave his family and home with the outbreak of World War II. However, the hero did not have time to get to the front, as he immediately gets injured and ends up in Nazi captivity, and then in a concentration camp. Thanks to his courage, Sokolov manages to survive captivity, and at the end of the war he manages to escape. Once with his own, he gets a vacation and goes to small homeland, where he learns that his family died, only his son, who went to war, survived. Andrei returns to the front and learns that his son was shot dead by a sniper on the last day of the war. However, this is not the end of the hero's story, Sholokhov shows that even having lost everything, one can find new hope and gain strength in order to live on.

"Brest Fortress"

The book of the famous and journalist was written in 1954. For this work, the author was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1964. And this is not surprising, because the book is the result of Smirnov's ten-year work on the history of the defense of the Brest Fortress.

The work "Brest Fortress" (Sergey Smirnov) is a part of history itself. Writing literally bit by bit collected information about the defenders, wishing that their good names and honor were not forgotten. Many of the heroes were captured, for which, after the end of the war, they were convicted. And Smirnov wanted to protect them. The book contains many memories and testimonies of the participants in the battles, which fills the book with true tragedy, full of courageous and decisive actions.

"Alive and Dead"

The Great Patriotic War in the literature of the 20th century describes the life of ordinary people who, by the will of fate, turned out to be heroes and traitors. This cruel time crushed many, and only a few managed to slip between the millstones of history.

"The Living and the Dead" is the first book of the famous trilogy of the same name by Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov. The second two parts of the epic are called "Soldiers Are Not Born" and "Last Summer". The first part of the trilogy was published in 1959.

Many critics consider the work one of the brightest and most talented examples of the description of the Great Patriotic War in the literature of the 20th century. At the same time, the epic novel is not a historiographical work or a chronicle of the war. The characters in the book are fictional people, although they have certain prototypes.

"War has no woman's face"

The literature devoted to the Great Patriotic War usually describes the exploits of men, sometimes forgetting that women also contributed to the common victory. But the book of the Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich, one might say, restores historical justice. The writer collected in her work the stories of those women who took part in the Great Patriotic War. The title of the book was the first lines of the novel "The War under the Roofs" by A. Adamovich.

"Not listed"

Another story, the theme of which was the Great Patriotic War. In Soviet literature, Boris Vasiliev, whom we have already mentioned above, was quite famous. But he received this fame precisely thanks to his military work, one of which is the story "It does not appear on the lists."

The book was written in 1974. Its action takes place in the very Brest Fortress, which is besieged by fascist invaders. Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, the protagonist of the work, ends up in this fortress before the start of the war - he arrived on the night of June 21-22. And at dawn the battle begins. Nikolai has the opportunity to leave here, since his name is not on any military list, but he decides to stay and defend his homeland to the end.

"Babi Yar"

The documentary novel Babi Yar was published by Anatoly Kuznetsov in 1965. The work is based on the childhood memories of the author, who during the war ended up in the territory occupied by the Germans.

The novel begins with a short author's preface, a short introductory chapter, and several chapters, which are grouped into three parts. The first part tells about the withdrawal of the retreating Soviet troops from Kyiv, the collapse of the Southwestern Front and the beginning of the occupation. Also included here were scenes of the execution of Jews, explosions of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and Khreshchatyk.

The second part is completely devoted to the occupational life of 1941-1943, the deportations of Russians and Ukrainians as workers to Germany, about the famine, about underground production, about Ukrainian nationalists. The final part of the novel tells about the liberation of the Ukrainian land from the German invaders, the flight of the policemen, the battle for the city, the uprising in the Babi Yar concentration camp.

"A Tale of a Real Man"

Literature about the Great Patriotic War also includes the work of another Russian writer who went through the war as a military journalist, Boris Polevoy. The story was written in 1946, that is, almost immediately after the end of hostilities.

The plot is based on an event from the life of the USSR military pilot Alexei Meresyev. Its prototype was real character, Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Maresyev, who, like his hero, was a pilot. The story tells how he was shot down in battle with the Germans and badly wounded. As a result of the accident, he lost both legs. However, his willpower was so great that he managed to return to the ranks of Soviet pilots.

The work was awarded the Stalin Prize. The story is imbued with humanistic and patriotic ideas.

"Madonna with ration bread"

Maria Glushko is a Crimean Soviet writer who went to the front at the beginning of the Second World War. Her book Madonna with Ration Bread is about the feat of all mothers who had to survive the Great Patriotic War. The heroine of the work is a very young girl Nina, whose husband goes to war, and at the insistence of her father, she goes to evacuate to Tashkent, where her stepmother and brother are waiting for her. The heroine is on last dates pregnancy, but this will not protect her from the flood of human troubles. And in a short time, Nina will have to find out what was previously hidden from her behind the well-being and tranquility of the pre-war existence: people live in the country so differently, what are their life principles, values, attitudes, how do they differ from her, who grew up in ignorance and wealth. But the main thing that the heroine has to do is to give birth to a child and save him from all the misfortunes of the war.

"Vasily Terkin"

Such characters as the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, literature painted the reader in different ways, but the most memorable, resilient and charismatic, of course, was Vasily Terkin.

This poem by Alexander Tvardovsky, which began to be published in 1942, immediately received popular love and recognition. The work was written and published throughout the Second World War, the last part was published in 1945. The main task of the poem was to maintain the morale of the soldiers, and Tvardovsky successfully completed this task, largely due to the image of the protagonist. Daring and cheerful Terkin, who is always ready for battle, won the hearts of many ordinary soldiers. He is the soul of the unit, a merry fellow and a joker, and in battle he is a role model, a resourceful and always achieving his goal warrior. Even being on the verge of death, he continues to fight and is already in a fight with Death itself.

The work includes a prologue, 30 chapters of the main content, divided into three parts, and an epilogue. Each chapter is a small front-line story from the life of the protagonist.

Thus, we see that the exploits of the Great Patriotic War literature Soviet period widely covered. We can say that this is one of the main themes of the middle and second half of the 20th century for Russian and Soviet writers. This is due to the fact that the whole country was involved in the battle with the German invaders. Even those who were not at the front worked tirelessly in the rear, providing soldiers with ammunition and provisions.

Plan:

1. Introduction.

2. The feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War.

3. Man and war by works:

· V. Bykov "Sotnikov",

· V. Rasputin "Live and remember",

· Y. Bondareva "Battalions are asking for fire."

· Kondratiev "Sasha".

4. "War has no woman's face."

5. Conclusion.

"I know it's not my fault

The fact that others did not come from the war,

The fact that they - who is older, who is younger -

Stayed there, and it's not about the same thing,

That I could, but could not save, -

(A.T. Tvardovsky)

Introduction.

In one of his last interviews, V. G. Rasputin, reflecting on the traditions of peoples, their destinies in modern conditions, said with conviction: "How much memory is in a man, so much is a person in him." Nature is wise. She built the way human life so that the thread that unites and connects generations does not weaken or break. Keeping a warm memory of the past, we retain a sense of responsibility for the Motherland, strengthen faith in the strength of our people, the value and uniqueness of its history. Therefore, the role of fiction in the moral and patriotic education of new generations. Its impact on the formation of a young citizen's historical memory is complex and multifaceted.

Each literary work bears the imprint of its time, grows out of the history of national culture and is perceived in the context of its past and present experience. And a person grows up as a part of society, part of its history. The burning memory of the past is the support of a person in life, the strength of his “self-reliance”. "Man's self-reliance is the key to his greatness",- said A.S. Pushkin.

Modern literature peers deeply and intently into the heroic epochs of the history of our people, into the spiritual and moral roots of our real achievements,

shows the high moral potential of a person. Modern literature has done much to save cultural heritage past, to develop the historical memory of the new generation.

morality theme, moral quest actively developed in our literature. But the achievements in prose about the war are perhaps especially significant here. It is the war, with its tragedy and heroism, with its inhumanly difficult everyday life, with the extreme polarization of good and evil, with its crisis situations, in which every now and then a person finds himself and in which, his basic human qualities are most clearly highlighted, gives the artists of the word the richest material. to highlight moral and ethical issues. The world must not forget the horrors of war, separation, suffering and death of millions. It would be a crime against the fallen, a crime against the future, we must remember the war, the heroism and courage that passed its roads, fight for peace - the duty of all living on Earth, therefore one of the most important topics of our literature is the theme of the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic war.

This topic is complex, diverse, inexhaustible. The tasks of modern writers writing about the war are enormous. They need to be shown the significance of the struggle and victory, the origins of the heroism of the Russian people, their moral strength, ideological conviction, devotion to the Motherland; show the difficulties of the fight against fascism; to convey to contemporaries the feelings and thoughts of the heroes of the war years, to give a deep analysis in one of the most critical periods in the life of the country and their own lives.

War... The very word tells us about misfortune and grief, about misfortune and tears, about losses and partings. How many people died during this terrible Great Patriotic War!..

The theme of war is still not outdated in our literature. In the war, there was a real identity check for authenticity. This explains the dawn of Russian literature in the war and post-war period. One of the main themes of military literature is the theme of heroism.

On the grave of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow, the following words are carved: "Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal." Books about the war are also like a monument to the dead. They solve one of the problems of education - they teach the younger generation love for the Motherland, perseverance in trials, they teach high morality on the example of fathers and grandfathers. Their importance is growing more and more in connection with the great relevance of the theme of war and peace in our days.

The feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War .

The Victory Day, the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, is dear to the heart of every citizen of Russia. Dear by the memory of more than twenty million sons and daughters, fathers and mothers who gave their lives for the freedom and bright future of the Motherland dear to their hearts. The memory of those who healed front-line wounds, revived the country from ruins and ashes. The feat of those who fought and defeated fascism is immortal. This feat will live through the ages.

We, the youth of the 90s, did not see the war, but we know almost everything about it, we know at what cost happiness was won. We must remember those girls from B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", who, without hesitation, went to the front to defend their homeland. Should they wear men's boots and tunics, hold machine guns in their hands? Of course not. But they understood that in difficult years for the Motherland, they were obliged to pay membership fees not in rubles, but with their own blood, life. And they went to meet the fascist thugs in order to prevent them from going to the White Sea-Baltic Canal, they were not afraid, they were not at a loss, at the cost of their lives to fulfill their duty to the Motherland. Death has no power over such people because at the cost of their lives they defended freedom.

The feat of the soldiers who defended Stalingrad is immortal. Y. Bondarev tells us about these heroes in the novel "Hot Snow". Where does he describe of those whom he met in the war, with whom he walked along the roads of the Stalingrad steppes, Ukraine and Poland, pushed guns with his shoulder, pulled them out of the autumn mud, fired, stood on direct fire, slept, as the soldiers say, on one bowler hat , ate tomatoes that smelled of burning and German toll and shared the last tobacco for a spin at the end of a tank attack. Which, in a terrible battle, fought to the last drop of blood. These people perished knowing full well that they were giving their lives in the name of happiness, in the name of freedom, in the name of clear sky and a clear sun, in the name of future happy generations.

War... How much this word says. War is the suffering of mothers, hundreds of dead soldiers, hundreds of orphans and families without fathers, terrible memories of people. And we, who have not seen the war, are not laughing. The soldiers served honestly, without self-interest. They defended the fatherland, relatives and friends.

Yes, they did a great job. They died, but did not give up. The consciousness of one's duty to the Motherland drowned out the feeling of fear, pain, and thoughts of death. This means that this action is not an unaccountable feat, but a conviction in the rightness and greatness of a cause for which a person consciously gives his life. Our warriors knew, understood that it was necessary to defeat this black evil, this cruel, ferocious gang of murderers and rapists, otherwise they would enslave the whole world. Thousands of people did not spare themselves, gave their lives for a just cause. Therefore, with great excitement, you read the lines from the letter of Meselbek, the hero of Ch. Aitmatov's story "Mother's Field": “... We did not beg for a war and we did not start it, this is a huge misfortune for all of us, all people. And we must shed our blood, give our lives to crush, to destroy this monster. If we do not do this, then we are not worthy, we will be the name of Man. An hour later I'm going to do the task of the Motherland. It is unlikely that I will return alive. I am going there to save the lives of many of my comrades in the offensive. I am going for the sake of the people, for the sake of victory, for the sake of everything beautiful that is in Man. These are the people who defeated fascism.

“People warm living went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom ...”

Man and war

The Great Patriotic War is an ordeal that befell the Russian people. The literature of that time could not remain aloof from this event.

So on the first day of the war at a rally of Soviet writers the following words were heard : "Every Soviet writer is ready to devote all his strength, all his experience and talent, all his blood, if necessary, to the cause of the sacred people's war against the enemies of our Motherland." These words were justified. From the very beginning of the war, the writers felt "mobilized and called". About two thousand writers went to the front, more than four hundred of them did not return.

Writers lived one life with the fighting people: they froze in the trenches, went on the attack, performed feats and ... wrote.

V. Bykov came to literature, feeling obliged to tell about how difficult the past war was, what heroic efforts of millions of people were required in order to get it in the fire of fierce battles. And this feeling itself, which determines the inner pathos of all the writer's military works, and his humanistic passion, moral maximalism, uncompromising truthfulness in depicting the war, have a deep connection with the fact that V. Bykov really writes on behalf of the generation of his peers, and in general, front-line soldiers, not only those who remained alive, but also those who gave their lives for the sake of victory over fascism. He very organically, with all his human essence, feels the blood unity, the soldier's kinship, with those who died on the fields of past battles.

Vasil Bykov is a seventeen-year-old participant in the war, a writer who reflects in his works about a person, about his behavior in a war, about duty and honor, which guide the hero of the story of the same name "Sotnikov".

In Bykov's works there are few battle scenes, spectacular historical events, but he manages to convey with amazing depth the feelings of an ordinary soldier in a big war. Using the example of the most strategically insignificant situations, the author gives answers to complex questions of war.

Problem moral choice the hero in the war is characteristic of the entire work of V. Bykov. This problem is posed in almost all of his stories: "Alpine Ballad", "Obelisk", "Sotnikov" and others. In Bykov's story "Sotnikov" the problem of true and imaginary heroism is emphasized, which is the essence of the plot collision of the work. The writer gives artistic research moral foundations of human behavior in their social and ideological conditionality.

Vasil Bykov builds plots only on the dramatic moments of the local war, as they say, with the participation of ordinary soldiers. Step by step, analyzing the motives for the behavior of soldiers in extreme situations, the writer gets to the bottom of the psychological states and experiences of his heroes. This quality of Bykov's prose distinguishes him early work: "The Third Rocket", "Trap", "The Dead Doesn't Hurt" and others.

In each new story, the writer puts his characters in even more difficult situations. The only thing that unites the heroes is that their actions cannot be assessed unambiguously. The plot of the story

"Sotnikov" is psychologically twisted in such a way that critics are confused in assessing the behavior of Bykov's characters. And there are almost no events in the story. Critics had something to be confused about: the main character is a traitor?! In my opinion, the author deliberately blurs the edges of the image of this character.

But in fact, the plot of the story is simple: two partisans Sotnikov and Rybak go to the village on a mission - to get a sheep to feed the detachment. Before that, the heroes hardly knew each other, although they managed to make war and even helped each other out in one battle. Sotnikov is not entirely healthy and could easily evade a generally trifling task, but he does not feel himself enough among the partisans and therefore volunteers to go. By this, he seems to want to show his comrades in arms that he does not shy away from “dirty work”.

The two partisans react differently to the impending danger, and it seems to the reader that the strong and quick-witted Rybak is more prepared to commit a brave act than the frail and sick Sotnikov. But if Rybak, who “managed to find some way out” all his life, is already internally ready to commit betrayal, then Sotnikov remains true to the duty of a person and citizen to the last breath: “Well, it was necessary to gather the last strength in oneself in order to face death with dignity ... Otherwise, why then life? It is too hard for a person to be carefree about its end.

In the story, not representatives of two different worlds but the people of one country. The heroes of the story - Sotnikov and Rybak - under normal conditions, perhaps, would not have shown their true nature. But during the war, Sotnikov goes through difficult trials with honor and accepts death without renouncing his beliefs, and Rybak before
in the face of death, he changes his beliefs, betrays his homeland, saving his life, which, after betrayal, loses all value. He actually becomes an enemy. He goes to another world, alien to us, where personal well-being is placed above all else, where fear for his life makes him kill and betray. In the face of death, a person remains as he really is. Here the depth of his convictions, his civic fortitude are tested.

In the last moments of his life, Sotnikov suddenly lost his confidence in the right to demand from others the same thing that he demands from himself. The fisherman became for him not a bastard, but simply a foreman who, as a citizen and a person, did not get something. Sotnikov did not seek sympathy from the crowd that surrounded the place of execution. He did not want to be thought badly of him, and was angry only at Rybak, who was acting as an executioner. Fisherman apologizes. "I'm sorry, brother." "Go to hell!"- follows the answer.

The characters develop slowly. The fisherman becomes unpleasant to us, causes hatred, as he is capable of betrayal. Sotnikov, on the other hand, opens up as a strong-willed, courageous nature. The writer is proud of Sotnikov, whose last feat was an attempt to take all the blame on himself, removing it from the headman and Demchikha, who came to the Nazis for helping partisan intelligence officers. Duty to the Motherland, to people, as the most important manifestation of one's own Self - that's what the author draws attention to. Consciousness of duty, human dignity, soldier's honor, love for people - such values ​​exist for Sotnikov. It is about the people who are in trouble, he thinks. The hero sacrifices himself, knowing that life is the only real value. And Rybak had just a lust for life. And the main thing for him is to survive at any cost. Of course, much depends on the person, his principles, beliefs. Rybak has many virtues: he has a sense of camaraderie, he sympathizes with the sick Sotnikov, shares with him the remnants of steamed rye, and behaves with dignity in battle. But how did it happen that he becomes a traitor and participates in the execution of his comrade? In my opinion, in the mind of Rybak there is no clear boundary between the moral and the immoral. Being with everyone in the ranks, he conscientiously bears all the hardships of partisan life, without thinking deeply about either life or death. Duty, honor - these categories do not disturb his soul. Faced alone with inhuman circumstances, he turns out to be a spiritually weak person. If Sotnikov thought only about how to die with dignity, then Rybak is cunning, deceiving himself and, as a result, surrenders to his enemies. He believes that in moments of danger, everyone thinks only of himself.

Sotnikov, despite the failures: captivity, escape, then again captivity, escape, and then the partisan detachment, did not harden, did not become indifferent to people, but retained loyalty, responsibility, love. The author does not pay attention to how Sotnikov once saves the life of Rybak in battle, how the sick Sotnikov nevertheless goes on a mission. Sotnikov could not refuse, as this contradicted his life principles. On the last night of his life, the hero recalls his youth. Lying to his father in childhood became a lesson in pangs of conscience for him. Therefore, the hero strictly judges himself and holds an answer to his conscience. He remained a man in the cruel conditions of war. This is the feat of Sotnikov. It seems to me that in the tragic situations of war it is difficult to remain true to yourself, to your moral principles. But it is precisely such people of duty

and honor fight evil, make life more beautiful, and they make us think: do we know how to live according to conscience.

What is the depth of the work of the writer Bykov? The fact that he left the possibility of a different path to the traitor Rybak even after such a grave crime. This is both a continuation of the struggle with the enemy, and a confessional confession of one's betrayal. The writer left his hero the possibility of repentance, an opportunity that is more often given to a person by God, and not by a person. The writer, in my opinion, assumed that this guilt could also be atoned for.

The work of V. Bykov is tragic in its sound, just as tragic is the war itself, which claimed tens of millions of human lives. But the writer talks about strong-willed people who are able to rise above circumstances and death itself. And today, I believe, it is impossible to assess the events of the war, those terrible years, without taking into account the views on this topic of the writer Vasil Bykov.
The work is imbued with thoughts about life and death, about
human duty and humanism, which are incompatible with any manifestation of selfishness. An in-depth psychological analysis of every action and gesture of the characters, fleeting thoughts or remarks - the bottom of the strongest sides of the story "The Centuries".

The Pope of Rome gave the writer V. Bykov a special prize of the Catholic Church for the story "The Centurions". This fact indicates what kind of moral universal principle is seen in this work. The enormous moral strength of Sotnikov lies in the fact that he managed to accept suffering for his people, managed to keep the faith, not to succumb to that vile thought that Rybak succumbed to : "Anyway, now death does not make sense, it will not change anything." This is not so - suffering for the people, for the faith always makes sense for humanity. Feat instills moral strength in other people, preserves faith in them. Another reason why the church prize was awarded to the author of Sotnikov lies in the fact that religion always preaches the idea of ​​understanding and forgiveness. Indeed, it is easy to condemn Rybak, but in order to have full right for this, you must at least be in the place of this person. Of course, Rybak is worthy of condemnation, but there are universal principles that call for refraining from unconditional condemnation even for such grave crimes.

There are many examples in the literature when circumstances turn out to be higher than the willpower of the heroes, for example, the image of Andrei Guskov from the story “Live and Remember” by Valentin Rasputin. The work is written with the author's deep knowledge of folk life, the psychology of the common man. The author puts his heroes in a difficult situation: a young guy Andrei Guskov honestly fought almost until the very end of the war, but in 1944 he ended up in a hospital, and his life cracked. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. But it was not there, the news that he was again sent to the front struck him like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant. And in moments of spiritual confusion and despair, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself, which turned his whole life and soul upside down, made him a different person.

In any work of art, the title plays a very important role for the reader. The title of the story “Live and Remember” prompts us to a deeper concept and understanding of the work. These words “Live and remember” tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become an unshakable eternal lesson in a person’s life.

Andrei was afraid to go to the front, but more than this fear was resentment and anger at everything that brought him back to the war, not allowing him to stay at home. And, in the end, he decides to commit a crime and becomes a deserter. Before, he didn’t even have such thoughts in his thoughts, but the longing for his relatives, family, native village turned out to be the strongest of all. And the very day on which he was not given a vacation becomes fatal and turns the life of the hero and his family upside down.

When Andrey found himself near his home, he realized the vileness of his act, realized that a terrible thing had happened and now he had to hide from people all his life, look back, be afraid of every rustle. This story is not only about how a soldier becomes a deserter. It is also about cruelty, the destructive power of war, which kills feelings and desires in a person. If a soldier in war thinks only of victory, he can become a hero. If not, then the longing will usually be stronger. Constantly thinking about meeting with his family, the soldier mentally strives to see all his relatives and friends, to get to his home as soon as possible. In Andrey these feelings

were very strong and pronounced. And therefore he is a person doomed to death from the very beginning, since from the minute when the war began, until the last moment, he lived in memories and in anticipation of a meeting.

The tragedy of the story is enhanced by the fact that not only Andrei dies in it. Following him, he takes away both his young wife and the unborn child. His wife, Nastena, is a woman who is able to sacrifice everything so that her loved one stays alive. Like her husband, Nastena is a victim of an all-destroying war and its laws. But if Andrei can be blamed, then Nastena is an innocent victim. She is ready to take the blow, the suspicions of loved ones, the condemnation of neighbors and even punishment. All this evokes undeniable sympathy in the reader. “The war delayed Nastenino's happiness, but Nastena believed in the war that it would be. Peace will come, Andrey will return, and everything that has stopped over the years will start moving again. Otherwise, Nastena could not imagine her life. But Andrey came ahead of time, before the victory, and confused everything, mixed it up, knocked it out of its order - Nastena could not help but guess about this. Now I had to think not about happiness - about something else. And it, frightened, moved away somewhere, eclipsed, obscured - there was no way for it, it seemed, from there, no hope.

The idea of ​​life is destroyed, and with them, life itself. Not every person is given the opportunity to experience such grief and shame that Nastena took upon herself. She constantly had to lie, get out of difficult situations to figure out what to say to fellow villagers.

The author introduces many thoughts about life into the story “Live and Remember”. We see this especially well when Andrey meets Nastena. They not only remember the most vivid impressions from the past, but also reflect on the future. In my opinion, the boundary between the past and future life of Nastya and Andrei is very clearly distinguished here. From their conversations, it is clear that they used to live happily: this is proved by the many joyful occasions and moments that he recalled. They imagine them very clearly, as if it were just recently. And here future life they cannot imagine. How is it possible to live away from all human people, not to see mother and father and friends? You can’t hide from everyone and be afraid of everything for the rest of your life! But they have no other way, and the heroes understand this. It is worth noting that basically Nastena and Andrei talk about that happy life, and not about what will happen.

The story ends tragic death Nastena and her unborn child. She was tired of living such a life - a life away from all living things. Nastena no longer believed anything, it seemed to her that she had come up with it all herself. “The head really broke. Nastena was ready to tear off her skin. She tried to think less and move less - she had nothing to think about, nowhere to move. Enough... She was tired. Who would know how tired she is and how much she wants to rest!”. She jumped over the side of the boat and ... The author did not even write this word - she drowned. He described it all in figurative terms. “Far, far away, there was a flickering from within, like from a terrible beautiful fairy tale.” A play on words is noticeable - a “creepy” and “beautiful” fairy tale. Probably, the way it is - terrible, because it is still death, but beautiful, because it was she who saved Nastya from all her torment and suffering.

The remote effect of war on life specific people. The echoes of the actions committed during the war affect not only the life of the hero, but also the lives of people close to him. The choice that was once made predetermines all his further actions and leads to a completely natural outcome.

War is a complex phenomenon, the situation can change extremely quickly, and choices must be made. It is especially difficult to decide the fate of other people, to take responsibility, in many ways to determine who will live. It is this situation that is reflected in one of the early stories of Yuri Bondarev "Battalions ask for fire." The author writes about the storming of Kyiv, of which he was an eyewitness. Critics have by no means accidentally called this work "a tragedy in prose", since we are talking about a simple and at the same time harsh reality. The battalions were given the task of seizing a bridgehead for the offensive, which was done. And here, in the midst of blood and death, a person simply, imperceptibly does an ordinary and holy deed - he defends his homeland. Reflecting the fierce counterattacks of the enemy, fighting for every meter of ground, soldiers and officers are waiting for artillery support, hoping for an early approach of the main forces. But while the Dnieper was being crossed, while the fierce battle was going on, the situation on this sector of the front changed. The division must direct all its forces, all its firepower to another bridgehead, the offensive from which is recognized as more promising. Such is the cruel logic of war. The battalion commanders were given a new order: to hold out to the last, divert enemy forces onto themselves, and prevent their transfer.

Yu. Bondarev creates realistic images of commanders and soldiers who have specific features that are unusual for anyone. All of them are ready to give their lives for the Fatherland, to do everything for victory, but they all want to live to see this victory, they want ordinary human happiness, a peaceful life. If a soldier at the front is responsible only for himself, for his "maneuver", then it is much more difficult for the commander. So, Major Bulbanyuk, realizing the difficult situation his battalion got into, having received a mortal wound, regrets only that “I didn’t save people, for the first time in the whole war I didn’t save them.”

Captain Boris Ermakov, the commander of another battalion, would seem to be a completely different person. Ermakov got used to the war and, it seems, did not think much about it. He is passionate, loves risk, cheerful, even fearless. But at the same time, he is noble, fair, does not spare himself in battle, he, in my opinion, can be called a man of honor and duty. This hero is still alive. in a determined and candid conversation Ermakov throws a cruel accusation in the face of Commander Shevtsov about the death of people, innocent soldiers. He demands to explain why and why the battalions were sent to a senseless death. But there are no clear answers to such questions. I think that this is what the poems written by A. Tvardovsky are about:

"I know it's not my fault,

The fact that others did not come from the war.

That all of them, who are older, who are younger,

Remained there.

And not about the same speech that I could have them,

But he couldn't save.

It's not about that, but still, nevertheless, nevertheless ... "

Probably, these feelings are in one way or another characteristic of everyone who went through the war and survived and returned. Books about the Great Patriotic War are necessary not only because they reflect the history of our country, but also because, by reading them, "you can educate a person in yourself in an excellent way."

Fighting on the bridgehead, behind enemy lines and already realizing that there would be no support and that the battalion was doomed to death, Yermakov, even in the face of death, does not change his sense of duty, does not lose heart. He performs his imperceptible feat... At first you don't understand that this is a feat. In Bondarev's "Battalions ..." almost everyone perishes. Of several hundred people who, in the most cruel and hopeless circumstances, fulfilled their soldierly duty to the end, only five remain alive. On such days and at such moments, human courage and conscience are measured with a particularly severe measure. It seems that no one will know about this, it is worth taking care of yourself a little - and you are saved. But he was saved at the cost of the lives of others: someone needs to go through these terrible meters, which means to die, because not a single line in the world has yet been taken without sacrifice. Captain Yermakov, who returned after the battle to his own people and matured for almost a few years in a day, violating all charters and subordination, will angrily and uncompromisingly throw in the face of the division commander, the careerist Iverzev: "I cannot consider you a man and an officer." And how many such Ermakovs were, such hopeless battles for the bridgehead, finally, such battalions, almost completely destroyed in the Second World War! Dozens? Hundreds? Thousands? True, in this war it is a feat and death of thousands for the life, freedom and glory of millions.

Another one of those prominent people writing about the war is V. Kondratiev. The fact that Kondratiev began to write about the war was not only a literary task, but the meaning and justification of his current life, the fulfillment of his duty to his fellow soldiers who died on the Rzhev land.

The story "Sashka" immediately attracted the attention of both critics and readers and put the author in the first row of military writers.

K. Simonov wrote in the preface to "Sasha" by V. Kondratiev: "This is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place and in the most difficult position - a soldier."

The author managed to create charming image a person who embodied the best human qualities. The mind, ingenuity, moral certainty of the hero are manifested so directly, openly, that they immediately arouse the reader's trust, sympathy and understanding in him. Sasha is smart, quick-witted, dexterous. This is evidenced by the episode of the capture of the German. He is constantly in action, in motion, sees a lot around him, thinks, reflects.

One of the main episodes of the story is Sashka's refusal to shoot the captured German. When Sasha is asked how he decided not to follow the order - he didn’t shoot the prisoner, didn’t he understand what it threatened him with, he simply answers : "We are people, not fascists ..." In this he is unshakable. His simple words are filled with the deepest meaning: they speak of the invincibility of humanity.

Sasha inspires respect for himself with his kindness, humanity. The war did not crippled his soul, did not depersonalize him. Surprisingly great sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not be responsible for. He was ashamed in front of the German for the useless defense, for the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead the prisoner so that he would not see our dead and not buried fighters, and when they stumbled upon them, Sasha was ashamed, as if he were guilty of something . Sashka pities the German, has no idea how he can break his word. "The price of human life has not diminished in his mind." And it is also impossible not to follow the order of the battalion commander. Sashka leads a German prisoner to be shot, playing for time with all his might, and the author drags out their path, forcing the reader to worry: how will this end? The battalion commander is approaching, and Sasha does not lower her gaze in front of him, feeling that he is right. And the captain turned his eyes away, canceled his order. Sashka, on the other hand, experiences extraordinary relief, sees that for the first time and "Destroyed Church" and “a bluish forest beyond the field, and a not too blue sky” and thinks: “if he remains alive, then of everything he experienced on the front end, this case will be the most memorable, the most unforgettable for him ...”

The character of Sasha is the discovery of Kondratiev. An inquisitive mind and innocence, vitality and active kindness, modesty and self-esteem - all this is combined in the whole character of the hero. Kondratiev discovered the character of a man from the thick of the people, shaped by his time and embodied best features this time. "The story of Sasha is the story of a man who showed up at the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier." “... If I hadn’t read Sasha, I would have missed something not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I had another friend, a person I fell in love with, ”wrote K. Simonov.

"War has no woman's face."

Many works have been written about the Great Patriotic War, but this topic is truly inexhaustible. Literature has always sought to comprehend the spiritual image of the hero, the moral origins of the feat. M. Sholokhov wrote: “I am interested in the fate of ordinary people in the last war…” Perhaps many writers and poets could subscribe to these words.

However, only decades after the end of the war did it become possible for the emergence of a completely special books about this period of history.

Extremely interesting, it seems to me, works created in special genre, which has not yet been definitively defined in the literature. It is called differently: epic-choral prose, cathedral novel, tape literature, and so on. Perhaps it is closest to documentary fiction. For the first time in Russian literature, A. Adamovich turned to him, creating the book “I am from a fire village”, which provides evidence of miraculously surviving people from Khatyn.

The continuation of these traditions is, in my opinion, the books of Svetlana Aleksievich "The war has no woman's face" and "The Last Witnesses". These works achieve such power of influence, such emotional intensity. This happens, probably, because it is impossible to replace even brilliant creations with the living truth of a fact, eyewitness testimony, because everyone who has gone through the horrors of war has his own perception of events, which does not in the least exclude the idea of ​​the global nature of what is happening.

“The war does not have a woman's face” - a story about the fate of women in the war: front-line soldiers, partisans, underground workers, home front workers. Sincere and emotional stories of the heroines of the work alternate with accurate and careful author's comments. It is difficult to take at least one of the hundreds of heroines who are both characters and at the same time peculiar creators of this book.

Svetlana Aleksievich managed to preserve and reflect in the book the peculiarities of “women's perception of the war, because “women's memory covers that continent of human feelings in war, which usually escapes men's attention” This book is addressed not only to the mind of the reader, but to his emotions. One of the heroines, Maria Ivanovna Morozova, says this about it : « I remember only That, What co me was . What nail in the shower is sitting ... »

"The Last Witnesses" is a book that contains the memories of those whose childhood fell on the years of the war. Children's memory retains for life the smallest details, the sensation of color, smell. Wartime children have just as vivid memories, but "they are forty years older than their memory." Children's memory snatches out of the stream of life "the brightest" tragic "moments."

In this work by Svetlana Aleksievich, the author's commentary is reduced to a minimum, the main attention is paid to the "selection and editing" of the material. In my opinion, the author's position could have been expressed more clearly, but, probably, Svetlana Aleksievich wanted to keep intact the perception of the terrible reality of the war by the "last witnesses" - children.

One of the stories by V. Kozko "A Lean Day" is devoted to the same topic. The theme of a war-torn childhood, a spiritual wound that does not heal. The scene of action is a small Belarusian town; the time of action is ten years after the war. The main thing that characterizes the work is the tense tone of the narration, which depends not so much on plot development events, and how much from internal pathos, psychological intensity. This high tragic pathos determines the whole style of the story.

Kolka Letichka (this name was given to him in the orphanage, he does not remember his own), as a small child he ended up in a concentration camp, where donor children were kept, from whom they took blood for German soldiers. He does not remember his mother or father. And those inhuman mental and physical suffering that he experienced generally take away his memory of the past.

And now, ten years later, accidentally hitting a court session, listening to the testimony of former punishing police officers, the boy remembers everything that happened to him. The terrible past comes to life - and kills Kolka Letichka. But his death is predetermined by those events that are already more than ten years old. He is doomed: no forces are able to restore what was taken from him in childhood. Kolka's cry, sounded in the courtroom, is an echo of the call for help from all children forcibly torn away from their mothers: "Mom, save me!" - he shouted to the whole hall, as he shouted to the whole earth in that distant 1943, as thousands and thousands of his peers shouted.

Perhaps someone will say that it is necessary to protect the younger generation from such upheavals, that it is unnecessary to know about all the horrors of war, but such knowledge is essential not only because it is the history of our country, but also because otherwise mutual understanding will not be possible. between members of different generations.

Conclusion.

Now those who saw the war not on TV, who endured and survived it themselves, are becoming less and less every day. Years make themselves felt, old wounds and experiences that now fall to the lot of old people. Fellow soldiers now call back more often than they see each other. But after all, on the ninth of May they will definitely come and march victoriously through the streets of the Motherland they saved. They will all gather together, with medals and orders on old, but carefully pressed jackets or ceremonial tunics. They will embrace, stand and sing their favorite, not forgotten songs of the war years.

The years of the Patriotic War will never be forgotten. The farther, the more lively and majestic they will unfold in our memory, and more than once our heart will want to relive the sacred, heavy and heroic epic days when the country was at war from young to old. And nothing else but books will be able to convey to us this great and tragic event- The Great Patriotic War.

Russia was considered a country - a liberator. She not only drove the fascist army out of her borders, but liberated other countries under the yoke of fascism. Few have reached Berlin, but the glory of the dead, their names live in our hearts. In the Great Patriotic War, people showed what they were capable of Russian people and what a great and powerful country ours is.

I was born in a happy, peaceful time, but I heard a lot about the war, because grief and misfortune did not bypass my relatives and friends.

War... How much this word says. War is the suffering of mothers, hundreds of dead soldiers, hundreds of orphans and families without fathers, terrible memories of people. And we, who have not seen the war, are not laughing. The soldiers served honestly, without self-interest. They defended the fatherland, relatives and friends. The Nazis were cruel to the Russian people, soldiers. It becomes dreadful in the soul. What grief people experienced when misfortune came to the house. Yet such families hoped that their husbands and children would return home. It's scary at the thought that a war might start. Because it can't last forever. You can't fight all the time. We must think about children, and about mothers, and about all people before starting a war. Decades have already separated us from the harsh days of the war. The generation that endured the heavy burden of war is leaving. But folk memory will preserve the unfading feat, and unheard-of suffering, and the unshakable faith of people.

decades have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. But no matter how many years pass, the feat accomplished by our people will not fade, will not be erased in the memory of grateful humanity.

The fight against fascism was not easy. But even in the most difficult days of the war, in its most critical moments, the confidence in victory did not leave the Soviet man.

Both today and our future are largely determined by May 1945. The salute of the Great Victory instilled in millions of people faith in the possibility of peace on earth.

Without experiencing the same that the fighters experienced, the fighting people experienced, it was impossible to speak truthfully and passionately about this ...

The theme of the Great Patriotic War did not leave Russian Soviet literature over the years. New understanding military theme during the "thaw" period. This is due to the literary generation, whose youth fell on the war years. And with every hundred boys born in the 23-24s. years, only three survived. But those who were lucky enough to return from the war had a colossal spiritual experience, they seemed to live for a whole generation, spoke on behalf of the generation. 20 years after the war, Yuri Bondarev wrote: “Over the long four years of the war, every hour feeling the iron breath of death near our shoulders, silently passing by fresh hillocks with inscriptions on the tablets with an indelible pencil, we have not lost the former world of youth, but we have matured by 20 years and, it seemed, lived them in such detail so rich that these years would be enough for the life of two generations. This spiritual experience, the creative energy of the front-line generation had a very significant impact on the post-war national culture. Front-line writers again and again returned to the theme of the war, the main event of their lives and the life of the country, in a new way, from the height of past years and their life experience covered the events of the war years.

The issue of war is still relevant today. It cannot be said with certainty that the war of 1941-1945 was the last. This can happen anywhere, anytime and with anyone. I hope that all those great works written about the war will warn people against such mistakes, and such a large-scale and merciless war will not happen again.

Great battles and the fate of ordinary heroes are described in many works of fiction, but there are books that cannot be passed by and that must not be forgotten. They make the reader think about the present and the past, about life and death, about peace and war. AiF.ru has prepared a list of ten books dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, which are worth re-reading during the holidays.

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” Boris Vasiliev

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” is a warning book that makes you answer the question: “What am I ready for for the sake of my Motherland?”. The plot of Boris Vasiliev's story is based on a truly accomplished feat during the Great Patriotic War: seven selfless soldiers prevented a German sabotage group from blowing up Kirovskaya railway, along which equipment and troops were delivered to Murmansk. After the battle, only one commander of the group survived. Already while working on the work, the author decided to replace the images of the fighters with female ones in order to make the story more dramatic. The result is a book about female heroes that amaze readers with the veracity of the story. The prototypes of five female volunteers entering into an unequal battle with the group fascist saboteurs, became peers in the school of the writer-front-line soldier, and the features of radio operators, nurses, intelligence officers whom Vasiliev met during the war years are also guessed in them.

"The Living and the Dead" Konstantin Simonov

Konstantin Simonov is better known to a wide range of readers as a poet. His poem “Wait for me” is known and remembered by heart not only by veterans. However, the veteran's prose is in no way inferior to his poetry. One of the writer's most powerful novels is the epic The Living and the Dead, which consists of the books The Living and the Dead, Soldiers Are Not Born, and Last Summer. This is not just a novel about the war: the first part of the trilogy practically reproduces the personal front-line diary of the writer, who, as a correspondent, visited all fronts, passed through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. On the pages of the book, the author recreates the struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders from the very first months terrible war to the famous last summer". Simonovsky's unique look, the talent of a poet and publicist - all this made The Living and the Dead one of the best works of art in its genre.

"The Fate of Man" Mikhail Sholokhov

The story "The Fate of a Man" is based on a real story that happened to the author. In 1946, Mikhail Sholokhov accidentally met a former soldier who told the writer about his life. The fate of the man so impressed Sholokhov that he decided to capture it on the pages of the book. In the story, the author introduces the reader to Andrei Sokolov, who managed to maintain his fortitude, despite difficult trials: injury, captivity, escape, family death and, finally, the death of his son on the happiest day, May 9, 1945. After the war, the hero finds the strength to start a new life and give hope to another person - he adopts an orphaned boy, Vanya. In The Fate of a Man, a personal story against the backdrop of terrible events shows the fate of an entire people and the firmness of the Russian character, which can be called a symbol of the victory of Soviet troops over the Nazis.

"Cursed and Killed" Victor Astafiev

Viktor Astafiev volunteered for the front in 1942, was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage". But in the novel "Cursed and Killed" the author does not sing of the events of the war, he speaks of it as a "crime against reason". On the basis of personal impressions, the front-line writer described the historical events in the USSR that preceded the Great Patriotic War, the process of preparing reinforcements, the life of soldiers and officers, their relationship with themselves and their commanders, and military operations. Astafiev reveals all the filth and horrors of the terrible years, thereby showing that he sees no point in the huge human sacrifices that fell to the lot of people during the terrible war years.

"Vasily Terkin" Alexander Tvardovsky

Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" received national recognition back in 1942, when its first chapters were published in the Western Front's newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda. The soldiers immediately recognized the protagonist of the work as a role model. Vasily Terkin is an ordinary Russian guy who sincerely loves his Motherland and his people, perceives any hardships of life with humor and finds a way out of even the most difficult situation. Someone saw in him a comrade in the trench, someone an old friend, and someone guessed himself in his features. The image of the national hero was so fond of the readers that even after the war they did not want to part with it. That is why a huge number of imitations and "sequels" of "Vasily Terkin" were written, created by other authors.

"War has no woman's face" Svetlana Aleksievich

“War does not have a woman’s face” is one of the most famous books about the Great Patriotic War, where the war is shown through the eyes of a woman. The novel was written in 1983, but was not published for a long time, as its author was accused of pacifism, naturalism, and debunking the heroic image Soviet woman. However, Svetlana Aleksievich wrote about something completely different: she showed that girls and war are incompatible concepts, if only because a woman gives life, while any war kills first of all. In her novel, Aleksievich collected the stories of front-line soldiers to show what they were like, girls of the forty-first year, and how they went to the front. The author led the readers along the terrible, cruel, unfeminine path of war.

"The Tale of a Real Man" Boris Polevoy

"The Tale of a Real Man" was created by a writer who went through the entire Great Patriotic War as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper. In these terrible years he managed to visit partisan detachments behind enemy lines, participated in Battle of Stalingrad, in the battle on the Kursk Bulge. But world fame Polevoy was brought not military reports, but a work of art written on the basis of documentary materials. The prototype of the hero of his "Tale of a Real Man" was the Soviet pilot Alexei Maresyev, who was shot down in 1942 during the offensive operation of the Red Army. The fighter lost both legs, but found the strength to return to the ranks of active pilots and destroyed many more Nazi aircraft. The work was written in the difficult post-war years and immediately fell in love with the reader, because it proved that there is always a place for a feat in life.