Norway - monuments. Evening walk around Bergen What does the monument to Ibsen mean

To explore this beautiful city in the evening, we were driven by a strong need to save time. I wanted to see as many natural attractions as possible. Despite the rain we went out night city. Map of our itinerary goo.gl/maps/yDLng Closest to our hotel was the Norwegian National Theatre, founded in 1850.

The founder of the theater was the outstanding violinist Ole Bull, who was fascinated by the idea of ​​creating a Norwegian national culture based on native folklore. In 1858, with his parents' parting words, the path to the great art of the then young composer Edvard Grieg, who later wrote the music for Henrik Ibsen's drama Peer Gynt, began. It was Ibsen who subsequently headed this theater in 1852. A monument to the playwright can be seen near the walls of the theater. The current building was built in 1909.
There was only one way from the theater towards the city embankment, where the famous Hanseatic wooden houses are located. True, at first we slightly moved away from the direct direction to the houses, but first we decided to see the Church of the Holy Cross. Along the way, the monument to sailors, so well described Troll Sea life in statues and bas-reliefs, did not go unnoticed.
The Church of the Holy Cross is located at the crossroads of small streets in the old town. It was built in 1182 on the shore of the bay. Subsequently, the bay was partially filled up and the church moved away from the shore. The appearance of the church has changed over time. The church received the form of a cross only in the 17th century, when the northern and southern aisles were added to it. The northern portal of the temple, created in 1632, is said to be the finest Renaissance portal in Norway. In the Church of the Cross there are Amsterdam bells from the beginning of the 18th century, a German organ late XIX V. and stained glass windows of the early 20th century. Next to the church is an old cemetery, with tombstones from the 19th century. This is just what we managed to see in the dark.
Narrow streets lead to the embankment of the city. Here, flooded with light, stands before us the hall of frescoes. The building was built in 1862. The frescoes on the walls were painted by Axel Revold (1887-1962), and have long been recognized as National treasure. The themes of the frescoes are different. One dedicated fishing, the second port of the city, the third shows the importance of man in the conservation of nature. We, unfortunately, saw only the night facade.
Near the building on the square there is a monument to the writer Ludwig Holberg, a native of these places. From this monument we will go to business card cities to Hanseatic wooden houses. This is a small museum open sky. The remnant of the former greatness of the Hanseatic League, which Bergen entered in 1360. This city within a city has become virtually a separate state with its own school, hospital, church and trading shops. Each house was a labyrinth of warehouses, offices and courtyards, connected by wooden stairs and narrow passages. Since all the buildings were wooden, it was difficult to do without fires. After the last one, only 11 houses remained. Inside which you can see the old streets covered with wooden flooring.
The first house on our way turned out to be the Hanseatic Museum, which has been operating since 1872. Here you can see with your own eyes how the merchants lived. The museum premises have been recreated in their original form, all exhibits are genuine, which is why there is a literal immersion in the life of merchants.
Passing by the houses, we continue moving along the bay. Ahead is the illuminated Rosencrantz Tower, built in 1270. She became the residence last king, whose court was in Bergen and was supposed to demonstrate to the Hanseatic merchants the strength and power of the Norwegian monarchy. In subsequent years, the tower served as a prison. In 1590, the most famous witch Anna Pedersdotter was kept here, later burned at the stake.
We returned back along Ovre Dreggsallmenningen street. The goal was to see the church of St. Mary, built in 1170, which makes it the oldest building in the city. It was built from 5 varieties of soapstone, and its appearance has clear features, so characteristic of Bergen architecture of the 12th century. Thanks to German merchants, the church received a rich interior decoration. Particularly interesting is the 15th-century baroque altar, created by craftsmen from Lübeck. Suspended carved pulpit, painted with images of stars and Christian virtues. Since the church is currently under restoration, you can admire it appearance, memorable for the two twin towers.
Next to the church is the Bergen Museum, which exhibits archaeological finds and a model of the old city. Through the windows it was possible to photograph the charred remains of the Hanseatic quarter destroyed by fire. Next to the museum you can see a monument to the medieval Icelandic writer Snorri Sturluson, who in his sagas described ancient city Bergen.
Opposite the museum, the beautiful building of the local university with a turret will not disregard.
At this time, the hands of the clock showed already 11 o'clock and it was time to return to the hotel, which we did.

• Cathedral (Domkirke)
  The cathedral was built on the site of a church that burned down in 1686. Church of the Holy Trinity. Archbishop Hans Rusing collected donations for the construction of the cathedral from all the parishes of the country. Stones from former church. New Cathedral was consecrated in 1697, but he acquired the octagonal spire only in 1850. The author of the spire project is the German architect Alexis de Chateauneuf. For 150 years, the cathedral was the tallest building in Oslo. Thanks to this, on the cathedral tower until 1902. an observation fire station was set up. If there was a fire, the firemen had to ring the bells, wave the red flag during the daytime and shine a lantern at night. The stained-glass windows of the cathedral were created at the beginning of the 20th century. Emanuel Vigeland, brother of the famous Norwegian sculptor. And bronze doors, decorated with carvings by Dagfinn Verenscholl based on the Sermon on the Mount, appeared in 1950. Since the cathedral has undergone several restorations (the last one took place in 2001 on the occasion of the wedding of Crown Prince Haakon), only the Dutch pulpit and the altar have survived from the original building.
• Stortorve (Stortorvet or "Great Square")
  The square in front of the Cathedral is a traditional place for festive festivities, celebrations, fairs. In former times, the city scales were located on the square.
• Norwegian parliament building
  The Norwegian parliament was formed in 1814. But the building for the Storting was built only in 1866. project Swedish architect Emil Langlet. The lions near the building were created by the convict Gudbrand. The sculptures were so liked that the prisoner sentenced to death was pardoned. According to legend, on December 21, the longest night of the year, lions begin to roam the streets in search of prey. There is also a legend that gnomes, trolls and elves sit in parliament at night.
• Royal Palace (Slottet)
  The palace was built as the summer residence of King Karl Johan, who ruled Christiania (the former name of Norway) from Stockholm. However, by the year the construction was completed (1849), the king had already died, so his son Oscar I became the first owner of the palace.
• National Theater
  The theater opened on September 1, 1899. The first productions were dramas by Bjornson, Ibsen and Holberg. The names of playwrights can be seen today on the facade of the theater building. To the right of the entrance is a monument to Bjornson, to the left - to Ibsen.
• Fountain at the National Theater
• Akershus Castle
  The castle was founded at the end of the 13th century. King Haakon V Mugnusson to protect against enemy raids.
• 14th-century fortress Akershus
  The fortress surrounding the castle appeared under King Christian IV.
• Art Gallery "House of Artists"
• Opera building
  The theater building opened in 2008. From the roof opera house offers a beautiful panorama of the city. From mid-April to August, there are tours of the opera house in English and Norwegian.
  
• Central station
  Express trains from the airport and trains from different parts of the country arrive at the central station. In addition to the station, the building also houses shopping mall"City gates" (Byporten).
• Christian Frederiks Plass (Christian Frederiks plass)
  The square got its name in honor of the last Danish ruler Christian Frederik. May 17, 1814 he turned out to be the elected king of independent Norway and gave the population of the country a constitution that is still in effect today. However, 3 months after this event, the former Napoleonic Marshal Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, the heir to the Swedish throne, or the future King Charles XV Johan, invaded Norway with troops.
• University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo)
  The Berlin architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel participated in the development of the palace project. The walls of the Main Auditorium (Aula) are decorated with works by Evard Munch with an allegorical plot.
• Fountain in Spikersuppa park
• Christiania Theater
  The first public theater in Norway opened on October 4, 1836. Initially, the stage was located in the fortress of Achersus.
• Grand Hotel
  The hotel building was built in 1874. following the example of the Grand Hotel in Stockholm. The construction was financed by the chief confectioner of Christiania, Julius Fitzner. The Rococo Hall was used for receptions, art exhibitions, art salons run by Queen Maud and King Haakon VII. In the hall of mirrors in 1912 Roald Amundsen was honored after his return from an expedition to the South Pole. The hotel houses the Grand Café, which once visited the playwright Gerik Ibsen. Here, 4 personal glasses for beer, vodka, whiskey and port, a chair with his initials and a table with a sign "Reserved for Dr. Ibsen" were waiting for him. Usually "Doctor Ibsen" asked to bring two meatless buns and began to read the newspaper. A 1932 panel by Per Krogh depicts the capital's bohemia at a social event. The character of the panel with a glass in his hand is the father of the artist Christian, who took part in the creation of the interiors of the hotel.
• Fountain at the Central Station
• Quarter "Barcode"
  "Barcode" is the informal name of the business district near the harbor in Oslo.
• harbor fountain
• Karl Johans gate
  The central street connects the Royal Palace with Oslo Central Station. Here you can see the iconic sights: the park, Cathedral, the Norwegian Parliament, the National Theatre, the university, etc. The street can be seen on the canvases of Evard Munch ("Evening on Karl Johan Street").

Museums

• Kon-Tiki Museum
  The museum was founded by the traveler Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002). Here is a balsa raft and items from Heyerdahl's expeditions, as well as a boat from papyrus "Ra"-II, on which Thor Heyerdahl traveled from Morocco to South America in 1970
• Viking Ship Museum
  Here you can see the Tyun ship, the Oseberg ship, the Gokstad ship. The Oseberg ship, 22 meters long, was made in the first half of the 9th century and was subsequently used for burial. Along with the ship, archaeologists discovered the remains of silk fabrics, the remains of two noble women and a wooden cart. The same fate befell the 24-meter Gokstad ship.
• Fram Museum
  The museum presents the ship on which scientists Raoul Amundsen (1872-1928) and Fridtjof Nansen (1901-1973) made expeditions to the South and North Poles. Including on this ship in 1911. Amundsen made it to Antarctica, then on a dog sled to get to the South Pole.
• Maritime Museum
  The museum houses a collection of schooners and boats, including the restored polar ice drift yacht "Joa", on which the scientist Amundsen in 1903-05. traveled from Greenland to Alaska.
• Nobel Peace Center
  The exposition of the museum tells about the founder of the award Alfred Nobel and all the laureates. The building hosts lectures, seminars and meetings.
• Museum of Oslo
  The museum was founded on December 22, 1905. in a mansion of the 18th century, which has preserved the historical setting.
• Museum of Evard Munch(1863-1944)
  The painting of the painter and graphic artist "The Scream", which was stolen from the museum in 2004, is widely known. and was returned to its place in 2006.
• Vigeland Sculpture Park
  Vigeland worked on the creation of the park for 35 years, but did not live 1 year before its opening. There are 670 bronze and granite sculptures in the park. Fountain in the center of the park early work sculptor. The central figures hold a bowl - "the burden of life". And people woven with trees symbolize the inextricable connection between man and nature. The sculptural group on the dais symbolizes the closeness of people and the human desire for spiritual knowledge. Each statue is designed to convey a certain set of emotions, a human condition. The most famous sculpture"Angry Baby" has become one of the symbols of Oslo. Entrance to the park is free.
• Historical Museum (Historisk Museum)
  Museum in the Norwegian Art Nouveau style was built in 1903. The building houses three different collections: the Museum of National Antiquities, Ethnographical museum, Coin office.
• National Gallery (Nasjonalgalleriet)
  The gallery building was built in 1836. German architects father and son Schirmer. Here you can see the most notable works Norwegian artists, including "The Scream" by Evard Munch.
• Ibsen Museum (Ibsen Museet)
  In the house where the Ibsen Museum is located today, the playwright spent the last 10 years of his life.
• Stenersen Museum (Stenersenmuseet)
  The building for the museum was built in 1994. Rolf Streners - athlete, philanthropist, stock player, who published in 1944. biography of Munch. In his collection - 28 paintings by Munch, as well as works by other Scandinavian masters.
• Museum contemporary art Astrupa Fearnley

Monuments

• Christian IV
  Danish king, founder of Christiania. Under his leadership, the capital was rebuilt after the fire of 1624.
• Monument to Ibsen
• Monument-fountain "Glove" (Hansken)
  It is believed that it was at this place that King Christian IV threw down the gauntlet, thereby marking the place for the construction of the future city.
• national monument
  The monument was opened in 1970. The author is the Norwegian sculptor Gunnar Jansson. The monument is dedicated to the victims of World War II.
• Monument to Per Aabel
  The monument next to the building of the National Theater is dedicated to the theater and film actor.
• Karl XIV Johan
  The monument was made in 1864. The author of the project is the sculptor Brynjolf Bergslin. The name of Karl Johan was given to a former associate of Napoleon, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. He held the throne of Sweden and Norway from 1810 to 1844 by invitation.
• Monument to Queen Maud
  The monument to the queen is located next to the royal palace. The first queen of Norway as an independent state. Youngest daughter of King Edward VII of Great Britain and Alexandra of Denmark, wife of King Haakon VII and mother of Olaf V. Cousin Nicholas II.
• Monument to Princess Martha of Sweden
  The monument is dedicated to the Swedish princess, the granddaughter of King Oscar II and the wife of the Crown Prince of Norway Olaf. Martha of Sweden is also the mother of King Harald V of Norway.
• Monument to Peter Munch
  The monument to the historian is located in front of the university.
• Cyclist
• Angry kid in the Vigeland Sculpture Park
  The most popular sculpture in the park. It is believed that he grants wishes if you rub his left hand.
• Johan Halvorsen
  The monument to the Norwegian violinist, composer and conductor is located in front of the facade of the theater building.
• Monument to Ibsen in front of the facade of the theater building.
• Monument to Ludwig Holberg
  Outstanding Norwegian-Danish writer.
• Monument to actress Johanne Dybwad
  The actress played leading roles in the Norwegian national theater in 1899-1947 The monument was erected in 1962.
• Monument to actress Wenka Foss
• Monument to writer-publicist Henrik Wergeland
• A monument dedicated to the communist group of the Norwegian Resistance "Oswald" - a hammer that breaks a swastika.
• Monument to Vigeland in the park
• Sculpture of a flutist
• Monument to Kirsten Flagstad
  Norwegian operatic soprano. Kirsten was artistic director Operas in 1958-60s
• Monolith in the Vigeland Sculpture Park
  The monolith, 14.12 meters high, contains 121 sculptures. At the presentation of the project, the monolith was surrounded by a wooden canopy so that the public could see it up close.

The monument to the cod is a peculiar but cute expression of gratitude to the fish, the main source of income for this port city.

Norway is a country that cannot be imagined without fish. One of the oldest occupations of the locals is fishing, including Norwegian cod. Dried cod is perhaps the most famous and even famous source of income for Hanseatic merchants in Norway.

The wooden monument to cod by the Italian sculptor A. Pavone very expressively and accurately captures the famous klipfisk - dried cod, an exclusive product that was traded by Hanseatic merchants. locals claim that the monument was made in life size. It is also widely believed that if you kiss a cod, good luck will contribute to fishing.

Monument to Ibsen

The Ibsen Monument is a monument to one of the most famous classics of the Western European theater of the 19th century. Heinrich Johan Ibsen is the founder of the European " new drama He was also a publicist and poet. Ibsen is very famous person previous years. After his death from a stroke in 1906, a monument was erected to commemorate his work forever. The monument was made of Burgundy stone, which is very convenient to work with. It is installed near the museum of the famous playwright Ibsen.

The manner of execution of the monument is not quite usual, as it is a large shapeless torso, which is crowned with the playwright's head. So unusual monument best reflects creative nature Ibsen and attracts many curious people who want to look at such an eccentric work of art.

Monument to Holberg

The Holberg Monument is one of the most famous and ancient monuments Norway. It was installed in 1884. The monument is dedicated to the talented writer and playwright of the last century, Ludwig Holberg, who worked and lived in the 18th century. The monument represents a citizen in a three-century-old caftan, who favorably looks at the seething life of the city. It was made of Burgundy stone, which is very easy to work with.

The height of the monument is about 10-12 meters. Majestically located on one of the main city squares, it is very popular among tourists. Despite the fact that the monument was erected a long time ago, it was able to retain its original appearance. Such a famous monument was filmed in many films and animated productions.

Monument to the heroism of the sailors of the 1st World War

Bronze sculptural composition Sophus Madsen, dedicated to the heroism of the sailors who died during the 1st World War. Installed at the beginning of the Hanseatic Bruges embankment in Bergen.

Monument to Edvard Grieg

Edvard Grieg is the most famous Norwegian composer. He was born and raised in Bergen. In this city, his creative personality was formed.

Norwegians pay full respect to their famous compatriot. The house, the so-called "Trollhaugen" mansion, where for a long time the composer lived, now it is a house-museum. Next to the estate, near a small garden house, where the composer wrote his the best essays, installed bronze monument Grieg.

The modest figure of the great composer is made in the natural growth of Grieg. Perhaps this is what adds to her humanity.

Grieg's figure looks very natural in the depths of the park between the garden house and a small concert hall. And tourists really like to be photographed in an embrace with the composer.

Monument to sailors

The sailors' monument is the decoration of one of the main squares of the Norwegian city of Bergen. The second largest city in Norway, Bergen has long been considered the center shipping. The opening of the monument took place in 1950, its author is the famous Norwegian artist and sculptor Dire Vaa, who created almost 300 sculptures, busts and monuments.

From afar, the monument seems to be just a stone cube, but upon closer inspection, images of sailors become visible. The immortalized sailors belong to different eras, they are completely different images, united by the struggle against sea ​​element. The picture is complemented by bas-reliefs, which represent various subjects, dedicated to history seafaring in Norway since the Vikings. The monument is surrounded by twelve statues, its height reaches seven meters.

The monument is made of bronze and mounted on a large granite pedestal.

Monument to Amalia Scrum

Amalia Skram (August 22, 1847, Bergen - March 15, 1905, Copenhagen) - Danish-Norwegian novelist.

She is known for a number of novels, distinguished by their bold content for their time, the scene of which is mainly Norway. Most famous works: "Constance Ring" (1884), "Fru Ine" (1891), "The Betrayed" (1892), dedicated to the problems family life, and the series of novels "People from Hellemuir" ( volumes I-IV, 1885-1898), which in a naturalistic manner shows the history of the rise and fall of the family and criticizes the morality of bourgeois society. In the novels "Professor Hieronymus" (1895) and "St. George's Hospital" (1896), for the first time in Scandinavian literature, she raised the problem of the relationship between society and mentally ill people, which caused a serious public outcry and controversy. She co-wrote the play Fjä ldmennesker (1889) with her second husband. A number of her novels October revolution was translated into Russian.

Monument to Man

Honestly, I’ll tell you that, like many others, I also thought that this was a monument to a beggar, a drunk, a homeless man, a beggar…

But in fact, this sculpture at the entrance to central bank- Monument to Man.

It symbolizes that every person is welcome in Bergen, whether he is poor or fabulously rich.

The sign reads: “No one is just what you see. Church mission of the city of Bergen.

It is a pity that the tablet is only in Norwegian - a very instructive monument.

Monument to King Haakon VII

The monument to King Haakon VII is dedicated to one of the most famous and revered Norwegians.

King Haakon VII was in power for 52 years. And during this time he proved himself as a wise, fair and reliable ruler. A monument dedicated to him depicts the king in military uniform as a reminder of the fact that Haakon VII and his country refused to submit to the Nazis during World War II.

This is a modest monument, but the sculpture managed to convey both the calm determination of the king and his human charm.

Sights of Bergen

The number of monuments and sculptures that I saw in Oslo exceeded all permissible norms. Moreover, these were not only monuments to the main social, political and historical figures but also perfect incomprehensible, abstract modern masterpieces. tema says about this: “And the number of sculptures here simply exceeds all sanitary standards. The first sign of lack of taste, by the way, is when "small forms" are placed every ten meters. It’s easier to throw it into the sea, at least the performance will be memorable ”Not that I agree with him ... but it’s not that I understand the monuments .. I just thought it was very fun, meeting unpredictable sculptures at every step, in principle, it’s not clear to anyone dedicated)) So, if suddenly someone knows something more about the history of their creation - share. According to my calculations, there are about 50 permanent sculptures in the AkerBrygge area alone, and it is not known how many are temporary..

Something that looks like a monument to a sunken ship, worth 290,000 crowns (1 euro ≈ 9 crowns).

Sea Lion - NOK 250,000
"Wave"
"In the same boat" - 110,000 NOK "Waitress"
"Just sit"
Some kind of "song", I suspect. what a lullaby) "Aasta Hansteen" (I suspect that this is a monument to some lady, but we called her the Sailor's Wife, by analogy with Odessa)
"Playing in the Air"

In these photographs: "Tower with a mechanical clock", "Landscape architecture", "Torso".
"Pelican", as you probably guessed)) And also "Rower"
My favorite sculpture "Intervention", worth 450,000 NOK, which I personally called a sun lounger))
"Passion for travel"
"Frog" (sitting on a cut off marble head, on the bank of the canal)
On the picture: " Eternal flame peace"
Many monuments near the city hall..
Bjornson and Ibsen

Children looking at the rink. Behind - I do not remember who ..


University of Oslo, if I'm not mistaken.
Norwegian opera. The number of monuments per square meter, in my opinion, exceeds even AkerBrygge ..
Monument to Ibsen at the Ibsen Museum
Royal Palace, with a monument to Karl Johan.
Lion-pillar)
Norwegian composer Rikard Nurdrok, composer of the Norwegian national anthem, who died at 24. The monument, in my opinion, is surrounded by characters from the Lord of the Rings))) separate story- Vigeland Sculptor Park.
The park was created by the sculptor Vigeland in 1907-1942. On an area of ​​30 hectares of the larger Frugnerpark, the sculptor placed 227 memorial sculptures dedicated to the theme of the fate of mankind. The saddest thing about all this is that he did not live only a year before the completion of the park. The sculptures themselves are quite strange .. see for yourself:

Ibsen Museum (Oslo, Norway) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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National pride of Norway in the field belles-lettres, playwright Henrik Ibsen did not fail to follow the path of pioneers (this is in the blood of Norwegians) - and founded a whole new direction of European drama. In short, before Ibsen they wrote spread-raspberries far from real life topic, and Mr. Henryk was the first to show mental ordinary people. It is clear that such a brilliant undertaking deserves national and global honor, and the playwright deserves his own museum.

Museum exposition

The Ibsen Museum is located in the building where the writer spent last years own life. Along with two other attractions associated with the name of the playwright - the birthplace in Skien and the educational alma mater in Grimstad - this is a real must-visit not only for fans of his work, but for all connoisseurs of contemporary theater, because without Ibsen's innovative ideas, we would still look longingly at the fake life of cardboard characters.

The Ibsen Museum has completely preserved the atmosphere that existed there during the life of the writer. In particular, his study remained exactly in the form in which the playwright last time left him. The interior of the other rooms of the house was restored and acquired a typical look for that time.

The most famous room in the Ibsen Museum is the bedroom in which the writer died on May 23, 1906. According to legend, when the relatives gathered at the bedside of the dying, the nurse, wanting to encourage them, noted that today Ibsen looks better. To which the playwright got up from the bed and clearly said: “On the contrary!” - after which he departed to another world. What Mr. Henryk really meant will forever remain a mystery.

Exposition of the Ibsen Museum

Address and opening hours

Address: Henrik Ibsens gate, 26.

Working hours: daily; from May 18 to September 14 - from 11:00 to 18:00; from September 15 to December 23 - from 11:00 to 16:00, on Thursday - from 11:00 to 18:00; from September 15 to December 23 - on Thursday and Saturday, from 11:00 to 18:00. A visit to the museum is possible only as part of excursions that start every hour.

Entrance - 130 NOK, children - 40 NOK, or free with Oslo Pass.

Prices on the page are for September 2018.