The spool is small, but expensive: The meaning of the proverb. Start in science Small spool and expensive short story

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IN conducting

“Happy is he who is happy at home,” said the greatest Russian writer and philosopher L.N. Tolstoy. The family is a special world in which people of different generations live. A family should have its own traditions, its own holidays, its own hobbies, its own little secrets. In general, what unites everyone.

Our age is fast, and we, unfortunately, often forget about the past of our family. Everyone knows that a people that has no past has no future. After all formerly family was built on respect, honoring elders, family customs and traditions. And families were strong, with their foundations. All this priceless baggage was passed down from generation to generation.

Hypothesis: if a family has a family heirloom, then such a family keeps a bright memory of their ancestors and honors the traditions of the family.

To prove or disprove the hypothesis, we decided to conduct a study aimed at examining relics in my family

Object of study: family heirloom.

Subject of study: antique jewelry balance scales that belonged to my prospecting ancestors.

Target research work: finding out the meaning of a family heirloom in preserving the memory of our ancestors, their traditions.

Tasks:

find out what a relic is;

conduct a survey among classmates;

study the history of your family associated with gold mining in the Urals;

to interest your classmates in the study of family heirlooms.

Methods research:

work with information sources and electronic resources Worldwide computer network Internet;

conducting a survey of classmates and processing the results;

interviewing relatives.

As the historian Klyuchevsky O.V. wrote: “Studying our ancestors, we recognize ourselves. Just as memory loss leads to personality degradation, so forgetting the past leads to destruction. historical identity individual and society as a whole. Remembering the past, evaluating what has been done, it is important to critically analyze past decisions and actions, learn lessons for the present and future.”

Chapter 1

What is a family heirloom

A family is strong when there is only one roof over it.

Traditions are the basis of a friendly way of life, loving family. Tradition is translated as forms of activity and behavior that have developed historically and are passed down from generation to generation, and their corresponding customs, rules, and values. One of these family traditions may be the transfer of a specially kept and revered thing - a relic.

For the exact and correct use of the word "relic" I analyzed several sources. So, according to the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova, relic- a thing sacredly kept as a memory of the past. In the dictionary of the Russian language D.N. Ushakov, we find the following definition:

this is a thing that is the subject of religious worship and seems miraculous to believers;

a thing that is especially revered, dear according to memories or according to traditions.

The etymology (origin) of the word "relic" begins with the Latin word relinquere which means "to stay".

T.F. Efremova in the new explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language defines a relic as:

an object that has become an object of religious worship;

an object especially revered and kept as a memory of the past.

N. Abramov's dictionary of synonyms points us to the words rarity and relics.

An analysis of various sources showed that a relic is an object that carries human feelings, a piece of family history sometimes even family secrets. By touching them, we can feel the emotions that the previous owners of this item once experienced.

For me, family heirlooms are items that are carefully kept in the same family and passed down from generation to generation. If the word re-lik-vi-ya is divided into syllables, then attention stops at the part of the syllable "lik". I turned to the explanatory dictionary of V. I. Dahl and found out that “face” in Russian means “face, image”. Therefore, it can be assumed that a family heirloom is an image of a family. Probably, every family has its own family heirlooms that can tell a lot of interesting things.

1.2. Relics through the eyes of modern youth

Young man - young and thoughts

Any thing, object that existed in the family for at least two generations is a family heirloom. The relic is a witness to the life of the family, the memory of close relatives. It helps to understand that a person’s life is endless if descendants remember it, allows you to touch the history of the family and feel that it is close to us, that it also affects our lives, affects everything that happens today.

Not only in the history of our Fatherland, but also in the life of every person, individual family, schools and cities, various events take place - large and small, simple and heroic, joyful and sad. For their own memory, people write diaries and memoirs, keep letters and photographs, some things, sometimes they keep them in their memory. amazing stories related to their personal life, past family.

We decided to find out if the guys in our class have family heirlooms? To do this, we conducted a survey on the following questions:

What we call "relic". Explain the term in your own words.

Does your family have antiques?

What is considered a family heirloom in your family? Give examples

Do you know the history of memorabilia in your family? Will you tell it to your descendants?

Is it necessary to preserve the old things of fathers and grandfathers? If yes, then why?

29 people took part in the survey. After analyzing the results of the questionnaire, we obtained the following results:

The answers of 6B grade students who know memorabilia in their family can be divided into the following groups:

Types of relics	Description of the species	Answers of 6B class students, number of persons
historical	Documents, "witnesses" of past events, reflecting and characterizing a certain historical era.	medals - 9 coins - 4
religious	They are genuine or fake, as well as figurative and poetic, based on folk mythology. Relics, as a rule, are associated with independent and peculiar cults that exist within religions.	pectoral cross - 1
Family	Documents, the most various items belonging to a family or clan, having significance and emotional coloring. Passed down from generation to generation.	photos - 4 decorations - 4 toys - 2
Technical	Instances of machines or other technical devices produced in the past and not used for a long time, but preserved in a working or recoverable state.	sewing machine - 1 spindle - 1 jewelry scales - 1

An analysis of the results obtained shows that not all the guys in the class know what a family heirloom is. Not all classmates are familiar with the history of their family, but almost everyone (except for two people) wants to be part of family history, to be an intermediary between the past and the future.

. Why do we keep relics?

Whoever needs someone, that one is remembered

Memory and knowledge of the past make our world more interesting and significant. That is why it is so important to preserve cultural memory, folk memory, family memory. In order not to be forgetful, ungrateful, incapable of good deeds, today we turn to family heirlooms.

We asked our classmates: “Is it necessary to preserve the old things of fathers and grandfathers! If yes, then why? Only two people out of 29 answered that no, the new generation does not need old memorabilia. The rest of the guys - 93%, believe that such things are worthy of respect and careful attitude. They used the following phrases in their responses:

Memory of family and ancestors - 60%;

Value - 11%;

Pride - 15%;

Interesting - 14%.

After analyzing the answers of the guys, we came to the conclusion that the memory of our ancestors is not a whim or a tribute to fashion. It is a natural need to stick to one's pedigree, protect family heirlooms, traditions, and pass them on to the next generation. next generations. Those who refuse or neglect historical memory, contemptuously called "a man without a kind-tribe." So, from generation to generation, there was a close relationship. Parents not only tried to pass on to their children the skills of work and behavior, but also left about themselves good memory. It is no coincidence that V.A. Sukhomlinsky in his letter to his son writes, quoting the lines of his father’s letter: “…Remember who you are and where you came from. Remember how difficult this bread is to get. Remember that your grandfather, my father Omelko Sukhomlin, was a serf and died behind a plow in the field. Never forget about the folk root ... ".

Chapter 2

2.1. History of development and mining of gold in Shural

Gold is known in fire, and man in labor

In 1716, an ironworks was founded in the Nevyansk region on the Shural River. It was founded by Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov - Russian entrepreneur from the dynasty Demidov, son of Nikita Demidov , founder of the mining industry on Ural. These lands were granted to him by Peter the Great himself, so the activity here developed rapidly.

The origin of the name of the village Shurala is interesting. According to legend, in the swampy forests of Shuraly there was a swamp goblin, which the Tatars living here called "shurale", hence the name of the village came from. According to another version, when Nikita Demidov arrived in these parts, he met a local old man on the river. To Demidov's question - "Where does the river flow from?" - the old man answered, lisping - "Sh of the Urals."

For the first time, people started talking about gold in our area since 1763. It was then that the first research work and exploration of the "gold ore" began.

In 1819, a gold rush began on the Neiva, and soon it reached the Shuralka River. The largest gold-bearing deposits in the region were found here. Shurala used to be an ordinary industrial settlement, but it became Zlatnitsa, which gave the country tons of precious metal.

This is how Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak described this production: “Gold fields stretched almost continuously along the sides of the road and picturesque groups of miners, gold washing machines, deep workings, yellowed dumps of washed sands and in general full picture areas affected by the gold rush. Rudyanka and the Shuralinsky plant especially stood out - in the latter a pond was even lowered to work out gold at its bottom.

Before October revolution within the district of the Shuralinsky office, 12 mines were built. The richest of them is Shuralinsky 1.

The work was carried out by open and underground methods, sometimes with the use of steam drainage. Underground work was carried out at a depth of 20-25 meters. In the winter season, sands were mined to the surface by an underground method at some mines, and peat was uncovered at other mines. The population was employed in these works all year round. The owners of the mines developed the largest land areas with a rich gold content. greatest development work reached in the area adjacent to the city of Nevyansk within a radius of 10-15 km.

A characteristic feature of the organization of the mining business was the use, along with centralized "master's" work at the largest, richest mines, also the so-called "mining work".

2.2. Memories of my forefathers

Trouble comes in pounds, and leaves in spools

The magic word gold has been inextricably linked with the village of Shurala for many years. If you ask a Shuralin about his ancestors, he will surely remember a gold miner among them, and more than one.

Gold, cunningly hidden in the ground, attracted dozens, hundreds of simple hard workers. Did it give them good, did it bring great benefits? After all, it has always been the case that the profit was received not by the one who dug in the ground, but by the one who bought this gold. Not for nothing that on the other side of the Earth, Mark Twain once wrote: “I once worked in gold mines and I know everything about gold mining, except for only one thing: how to make money there ...”

From my grandmother Valentina Pankova, I managed to learn that my great-great-grandmother Olga Nikolaevna Konovalova (07/24/1883-04/30/1956) and great-great-grandfather Ivan Nikolaevich (09/27/1870-02/18/1965) got married in 1902.

Olga Nikolaevna was adopted daughter in the Novgorodtsev family, his father was famous in the city of Nevyansk - a chebotar (shoemaker). The young wife moved to live with her husband's family in the village of Obzhorino, Nevyansk district, which was a prosperous village at that time. The husband's family worked in the mine, washing gold. And the young wife was attracted to these works.

These works were carried out by small, usually family artels of workers. It was allowed to mine gold on the terms of the obligatory delivery of the metal to the mining office at a fixed, predetermined price.

Everyone was engaged in diligence, from small to large. Gold was mined with hard work: a wooden trough was placed on the river bank, sand was poured, men pumped water with a hand pump (mazhert), and women and children washed the sand in the trough. After that, they were calcined in a ladle in a Dutch woman and waited for it to sparkle, the remaining sand was thrown out, and the gold remained.

Of all the tools needed by a prospector, miniature scales have been preserved in my family to this day, they were necessary for weighing the golden sand, there is no way without it. After weighing, the sand was exchanged in Nevyansk at the Torgsin store for "bonds" - long sheets of stamped paper, they could buy fabric, flour, cereals, etc.

Families in those days were large, and our family was no exception - Ivan and Olga had 5 children (4 sons and a daughter), of which Viktor, my great-grandfather, was born in 1911.

In 1938, Victor married Olga Baranova, a native of the village of Shurala, and, as was customary, brought her to parental home in the village of Obzhorino. From the stories of my grandmother Alevtina (daughter of Victor and Olga), I know that great-grandmother Olya was taught the work of a prospector in her husband's family. Gold was mined with hard work. We went to work at the mine on foot from the village of Obzhorino to Kapotino (near the city of Kirovgrad), approximately 15 km one way, in cold and heat.

Just in the period being described, in 1937, the gold and platinum industry of the region was on the rise. The volume of exploration work has increased, new deposits have been discovered. Orders were also issued on the widespread development of artisanal work. The artisanal miners were granted tax incentives. The search departments were obliged to provide them with explored deposits, equipment and technical assistance for work. The young country needed gold like air!

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Viktor and Olga already had two small children, the third was born in January 1942. Great-grandfather Vitya was taken to the War in 1941, and great-grandmother Olya, pregnant, stayed with her young children and her husband's elderly parents in the village of Obzhorino.

Many people who survived the horrors of the war did not like to remember this, many information and interesting facts were forgotten. But here's what I found out:

To the Great Patriotic war it was not easy for everyone to survive, this fate did not bypass our family. In the most difficult times, when food was completely running out, and there was nothing to feed the kids, great-great-grandfather Ivan went underground and took out a “gold piece” from there. Weighed her on the scales, wrote down the weight and sent her daughter-in-law (great-grandmother Olya) to exchange her for "bonds". Previously mined "gold" on the "mining work" helped the family to survive during the Great Patriotic War.

Great-grandmother Olya did not live to see my birth for 2.5 years, but from the stories of grandmother Ali I know that it was not customary to communicate in the family on the topic of “exploration”, gold, so that no one would know anything. Therefore, information about how the scales for measuring gold appeared in our family could not be found out. As, however, and many other details.

There is such a legend in our family. In the village of Obzhorino, the house of my ancestors stood on the banks of the river. Neiva, there was a well in the yard.

In 1953, the family of Viktor and Olga decided to move to the village of Shurala, because there were also kindergarten and a school for children and nearby railroad station. It was decided to sell the house in the village of Obzhorino, the buyers were from another village, and during the sale the house was rolled out and taken away. But here's the amazing thing! Everyone knew that great-great-grandfather Ivan always had "gold pieces" in the underground, and during the war years, he managed to dispose of them for the benefit of the family and leave a small reserve. But when dismantling the house, not a single grain of gold or grain of sand was found. Rumor has it that great-great-grandfather could hide the gold in the well, in the yard.

Collective gardens are now located on the site of the village, and the site on which our family home was located has not yet been built up - it has been abandoned, and it has not belonged to us for a long time. And the well in the yard still stands untouched to this day. There is no more water in it, it has dried up, overgrown, but continues to keep its secrets.

Chapter 3

3.1. The emergence and improvement of scales

Without weight, without measure, there is no faith

Scales are one of the oldest instruments invented by man. They arose and improved with the development of trade, production and science.

The first scales found by archaeologists date back to the 5th millennium BC. e., they were used in Mesopotamia. According to the ancient Egyptian "Book of the Dead", Anubis (guide to the world of the dead), at the entrance to the underworld, weighs the heart of every dead person on special scales, where the goddess of justice Maat acts as a weight. The simplest scales in the form of an equal-armed yoke with suspended cups were widely used in Ancient Babylon (2.5 thousand years BC) and Egypt (2 thousand years BC).

Sets of weights for certain weights are called weights. At that distant time, the very first system of weight units in history - the ancient Babylonian - was based on the weight of one grain of grain - a grain. Not a piece of gold, platinum, silver, but grain obtained with such difficulty and which is still the main product. Well, of course, the fact that the grains themselves were, as it were, standardized and had almost the same size and mass, played a role. Later, a system of weights made by man appeared. Measures of length and weight, as well as the shape and material of the weights, differed depending on local characteristics. For example, in Mesopotamia, weights were made of stone or bronze in the form of a pear, duck or lion. The Greeks used square or rectangular plates, round, cone-shaped, three- or polyhedral pieces of lead or bronze. The Romans used balls, cubes, round washers or prisms made of bronze, stone or lead.

comes from "zlatnik" - the name of the coin, weighing about 4.3 g, in ancient times served as a unit of weight for precious metals and stones.

Initially, this word meant a gold coin, and it is in this meaning that it is found in the agreement of 911 between the Kievan Prince Oleg and Byzantium. The concept of "spool" was also used to refer to the purity of gold. In addition, in Ancient Rus' there were such measures of weight as stone, grain, belly, etc. From 1747 until the introduction of the metric system, the unit of mass in Russia was the pound.

When the Roman Empire extended its influence to the West, the Roman scales penetrated the European countries. In 996, Prince Vladimir ordered the introduction of uniform measures of weight, and in the Decree of Prince Vsevolod (XII century), the annual verification of scales was first mentioned.

In Rus', until the 15th century, the Church was the caring guardian of measures and weights. In monasteries and temples, the first caretakers for the correctness of measurements appeared. Princes Vladimir and Vsevolod instructed "bishops to observe measures and weights", and for weighing and measuring they were ordered to "execute close to death."

Tsar Ivan the Terrible generally forbade merchants to have their own weights and scales. It was allowed to use only “state” ones. Peter I, by his decree, introduced their mandatory check twice a year. Russian Empire, under Peter I, was issued, in 1723, "A decree on selling flour, cereals, malt and oatmeal by weight, not by measure." This document introduced the notion of "sharp weights", i.e. certified and branded scales. It provided for liability in the form of a fine for underweight, or the use of unverified scales. And in 1736, exemplary measures of length, weight (mass) and other measurements were created in Russia, with which weights and other measures used in trade were necessarily compared.

In 1841, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance of Russia, on the territory Peter and Paul Fortress built a "special fireproof building" - the Depot of exemplary weights and measures. There, merchants were required to bring their measuring instruments for verification. Subsequently, on the initiative of D.I. Mendeleev in Russia, the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures was organized, and today it is called the Russian Research Institute of Metrology and bears the name of the great scientist. And in 1918, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR issued a decree "On the introduction of the international metric system of measures and weights", according to which the kilogram was adopted as the basis for the unit of weight.

Today, there are a wide variety of scales: household, commercial, industrial, research, jewelry, wagon, etc. Some are designed for weighing heavy objects, such as wagons, while others, research, have fantastic accuracy. Every business has its own scales.

3.2. The history of the appearance of scales in my family

Two sisters rocked, they sought the truth,

and when they got it, they stopped

A relic preserved in my family reminds me of the times of the gold rush in our country - a miniature prospector's scales. This device was necessary for weighing the golden sand. Grandma says that After weighing, gold dust was exchanged in Nevyansk in the Torgsin store for "bons" - long sheets of stamped paper, they could buy fabric, flour, cereals, etc..

According to eyewitnesses, these were the best stores in rural Russia outside big cities. They were always better stocked than the usual state stores in the same localities. They do not accept paper rubles, the official currency of the country, they exchange enviable goods only for gold rubles, or bonds, which in turn can only be obtained in exchange for gold.

For miners, every grain of gold was valuable, one gram - one bond. Therefore, weighing was taken very seriously. The instruction prescribed to carefully align and clean the scales from dust. It was forbidden to use coins, matches and other items as a weight, but only branded weights. The surface of the table was covered with glass, linoleum or metal sheet - materials that did not allow a single speck of gold to get stuck, and the appraiser had to work in oilcloth sleeves.

The balance consists of a horizontal arm with equal arms, called beams, and a weighing pan suspended from each arm. This construction is connected with the fact that the word "scales" is used in plural. Gold nuggets or washed sand were stacked on one bowl, and a standard mass measure was placed on the other bowl until the beam approached the maximum possible equilibrium.

Unfortunately, I could not find a brand on the scales, the year of issue or other information about the place and time of their creation. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the original packaging of the scales has not been preserved; instead, weights, bowls and yokes are stored in an iron box on which the inscription: “Chemical powder” is read. I assume that scales appeared in my family as soon as my ancestors took up mining, i.e. at the end of the 19th century.

Since the time of gold mining, not only scales have been preserved in my family, but also other tools - trays for washing gold, a trough, scoops. These items left over from previous generations are very dear to my family. Examining and studying them, there is a sense of responsibility to the ancestors for their deeds, you feel your obligation to continue their Cause of serving the Motherland, the Fatherland, your people.

Conclusion

Exploring family heirlooms, we realized that this topic

I was able to make sure that my family is friendly and strong. We all together were researchers, chroniclers, interlocutors. Our family has a past, which means there is a future.

Our hypothesis confirmed. We proved that if a family has a family heirloom, then such a family keeps a bright memory of their ancestors and honors their traditions.

In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved:

I learned what a relic is;

Conducted a survey among classmates, processed the results and drew conclusions;

We studied the history of our family, connected with the history of gold mining in the Urals;

I interested my classmates in studying family heirlooms, after my story, even those guys who, according to the results of the survey, were not interested in the history of their kind, wanted to find at home or ask relatives about memorabilia in their family.

I am proud of my ancestors - strong, brave, hardworking people. Their life, way of life, traditions cause me great respect. I can't let their memory fade away. To do this, I will bit by bit, like golden sand, collect information about them. hard way and fate.

Bibliography

Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: Ideographic description. Synonyms. Antonyms / Ed. L. G. Babenko. M., 2001. - 864s.

Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Modern writing. M., 2002. - 984 p.

History of the Urals from ancient times to the present day / ed. I.S. Ogonovskaya, N.N. Popov. - Yekaterinburg: Socrates, 2004. - 495 p.

Kapustin V. G. Sverdlovsk region Keywords: nature, population, economy, ecology: Tutorial for high school students. Nizhny Tagil, 2000. - 247 p.

Kovaleva A.E., Kovaleva G.A. Shurala - our home from the ancestors. Chronicle of the village. Nizhny Tagil, 2016. - 258 p.

Lopatin V.V., Lopatina L.E., Small Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: Approx. 35000 words. M. 1993. - 704 p.

Mamin - Sibiryak D.N. In the Urals. Stories and essays. M., 2003 - 260 p.

Obukhov, L.A. History of the Urals XIX-XX centuries. / L.A. Obukhov, V.A. Shkerin, G.S. Shkreben. - Ekaterinburg: Socrates, 2005. - 142 p.

Pipunyrov. VN The history of scales and the weight industry in comparative historical coverage. M, 1995 - 245 p.

Sukhomlinsky V. A. Letters to the son. M.: Enlightenment, 1979. - 96 p.

Annex 1.

Defense presentation

	Hello, my name is Valeria Mentyugova. I am a student of the 6B grade of school number 57.
	At the beginning of my speech, I want to ask you a riddle: Two sisters rocked, they sought the truth, and when they achieved it, they stopped. Guessed? Right! These are scales.
	Yes, one of the most interesting relics that has been preserved in our family is an old miner's scales that belonged to my gold mining ancestors from the Ural village of Shurala.
	After conducting a survey among my classmates, I learned with regret that not all of my peers are interested in the history of their family. Fortunately, they are in the minority! But almost all the guys understand the importance of preserving history, they would like to pass it on to their descendants. But they don't know how.
	I wanted to interest the guys from my class with my work, to show how interesting it is to study history. And at the same time, I decided to collect, write down and analyze the stories that were preserved in the memory of my grandmother, connected with the extraction of gold by my ancestors, miners.
	To begin with, I got acquainted with the history of the village of Shurala. I learned that the discovery and development of gold reserves began here in the 18th century and is associated with the name of the famous industrialist and entrepreneur Akinfiy Demidov.
	The first memories that have come down to me about gold miners in my family date back to the very beginning of the 20th century - 1902. This year my great-great-grandfather and grandmother Olga Nikolaevna and Ivan Nikolaevich Konovalov got married. The young wife moved to live with her husband's family in the village of Obzhorino. The husband's family worked in the mine - they washed gold. And the young wife was attracted to these works.
	Everyone was engaged in diligence, from small to large. Gold was mined with hard work: a wooden trough was placed on the river bank, sand was poured, men pumped water with a hand pump, and women and children washed the sand in the trough. After that, they calcined it in a ladle in the oven and waited for it to shine, the remaining sand was thrown out, and the gold remained.
	Our scales are reminiscent of the times of the gold rush in our country. This device was necessary for weighing the golden sand. Grandmother says that after weighing, golden sand was exchanged in Nevyansk in the Torgsin store for "bonds" - long sheets of stamped paper, they could buy fabric, flour, cereals, etc.
	According to the recollections of relatives, these were the best stores in rural Russia. They have always been better stocked than regular stores. They did not accept paper rubles, but exchanged enviable goods only for bonds, which, in turn, can only be obtained in exchange for gold.
	In the Great Patriotic War, it was not easy for everyone to survive. But in the most difficult times, when food was completely running out, great-great-grandfather Ivan went underground and took out a “gold piece” from there. Weighed her on the scales, wrote down the weight and sent her daughter-in-law (great-grandmother Olya) to exchange her for "bonds". Previously mined "gold" on the "mining work" helped the family to survive during the Great Patriotic War.
	There is a legend in our family: In the village of Obzhorino, the house of my ancestors stood on the banks of the river. Neiva, there was a well in the yard. In 1953, the family of Viktor and Olga decided to move to the village of Shurala, and roll out and sell the house in Obzhorino. Everyone knew that great-great-grandfather Ivan always had "gold coins" in the underground. But when dismantling the house, not a single grain of gold or grain of sand was found. Rumor has it that great-great-grandfather could hide the gold in the well, in the yard. In place of the village there are now collective gardens, and the well in the yard still stands untouched. There is no more water in it, it has dried up, overgrown, but continues to keep its secrets.
	I learned that the model of scales, preserved in my family, is called - lever scales (also balance, rocker or laboratory). This type of balance was the first mass measuring instrument. The basis of the operation of such scales is the principle of balance.
	For prospectors, every grain of gold was valuable. Therefore, weighing was taken very seriously. The instruction prescribed to carefully align and clean the scales from dust. It was forbidden to use coins, matches and other objects as a weight, but only branded weights. The surface of the table was covered with glass, linoleum or metal sheet - materials that did not allow a single speck of gold to get stuck, and the appraiser had to work in oilcloth sleeves.
	In Rus', one of the first measured quantities was the spool. spool comes from "zlatnik" - the name of the coin, weighing about 4.3 g, in ancient times served as a unit of weight for precious metals and stones. And later, universal measuring weights appeared.
	Unfortunately, I could not find a brand on the scales, the year of issue or other information about the place and time of their creation. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the original packaging of the scales has not been preserved; instead, weights, bowls and yokes are stored in an iron box on which the inscription: “Chemical powder” is read. I assume that scales appeared in my family as soon as my ancestors took up mining, i.e. at the end of the 19th century, and possibly earlier.
	I would like to say that in my family, not only scales, but also other tools have been preserved from the artisanal trade - trays for washing gold, trough, scoops. I would like to continue studying both the history of my family and the history of gold mining in the Urals. But most of all I want to try to get the "golden" myself. Perhaps I contracted the gold rush, or maybe it's the voice of my ancestors speaking in me?!
	Exploring family heirlooms, I realized that this topic interesting, exciting and necessary for every family that appreciates and respects the history of its kind. I am proud of my ancestors - strong, brave, hardworking people. Their life, way of life, traditions cause me great respect. I can't let their memory fade away. To do this, I will bit by bit, like golden sand, collect information about their difficult path and fate.

The phrase "Small spool, but expensive" is often said when they want to emphasize the high merits of a person, despite his not very spectacular external data. It can also be used to characterize a phenomenon that is not too noticeable at first glance, which can give an impetus, entailing qualitative changes V better side in what is happening.

The spool is an old Russian standard (measure) of weight for precious metals, which is about 4 grams. The name comes from the golden coin Kievan Rus. The discrepancy between the small size of the spool and its high cost contributed to the formation of an expression that later became stable. The Russian proverb, posted by V. I. Dahl in the “Many-Little” section of his edition of “Proverbs of the Russian Language”, is supplemented by explanatory contrasts “The spool is small, but expensive; the stump is great, but it is hollow.” There is also an analogue of "Fedora is great, but a fool, and Ivan is small, but daring." Respectful attitude to something “insignificant in appearance, but valuable” did not ignore when compiling his “ explanatory dictionary"and D. N. Ushakov.

Fun fact: very often, as an ironic objection to this proverb, you can hear the expression "Small bug, but stinky."

How to write an essay on this topic

IN school curriculum Often there is a task to write an essay on this topic. The student will need to state a case from life or come up with a situation in which the meaning of the expression is revealed in its entirety. It can be a story about an outsider friend who at some point surprised everyone with his abilities, a story about how some small detail helped launch a complex mechanism in your craft.

Do not forget that the expression is written with a comma, since here "yes" appears in the meaning of "but".

Also, do not confuse phraseology and proverb. In our case, this is exactly the proverb.

Equivalents in English

• A little body often harbors a great soul (a great soul often lurks in a small body).
• Little pigeons can carry great messages (a dove is small, but it can deliver an important message).

From time immemorial, there has been a saying among the people: "The spool is small, but expensive."
This is also about her, Valentina Averkievna Semenova, a milkmaid of the MIR collective farm near Torzhok.
2014 was a big year for her. In the accounting sheet of annual milk yields assigned to her by fifty cows, an entry appeared: 7952 kilograms of milk from a cow, per year.
The result in the non-chernozem region is phenomenal. Until recently, only livestock breeders in Western Europe had such milk yields.
Experience allowed our milkmaids to achieve such results before, but the desire came up against the conditions of the food supply and diet. In addition to hay, green grass and silage, the farmer grew cereals, flax and potatoes.
Two years ago, the purchase of flax from the villagers stopped and the collective farm, which in the recent past had the largest in the region, and in Russia, the field of flax, was forced to abandon the cultivation of northern silk.
The areas released from under flax were sown with fodder crops. This replenished the food base and allowed adding additional calories to the diet of animals.
A positive role was played by purchases of high-quality compound feed and cake for feeding cows.
It is not for nothing that they say: "A cow has milk on its tongue." On the collective farm, milk yields have increased. In 2014, the collective farm received 5,790 kilograms of milk from each of the 1,100 cows.
Cows also respect polite treatment, attention and care. On the farm of the Voskhod brigade, which is headed by Vasilyeva Svetlana Ivanovna, milkmaids treat these inclinations of cows with due understanding. Over the past year, the farm team received 7,201 kilograms of milk from 144 cows.
A leading role in this success was played by the initiative of the chairman of the collective farm, Popov Nikolai Ivanovich, to overhaul the farm.
Valentina Semenova has been working in animal husbandry for decades. Growth is small. It will pass on the other side of the cow, only the corner of the scarf will flash. And diligence and the ability to handle animals does not hold her. And cows answer her with record milk yields.
For high performance in the work, Semenova Valentina was awarded the title: "Honorary Worker of Agriculture of the Tver Region". Congratulations.

Reviews

Alexander Vasilyevich!
Now they write and show more and more about "secular" parties. How they dressed, what they ate, what they drank, what vulgar jokes they threw around.

Thank you for your story about the modest worker who feeds us. Good health to Valentina and further high performance in work.

I wish you, Alexander Vasilyevich, to become the winner in the contest for the title of "People's Writer". I voted with pleasure and the vote is accepted!
Only there are doubts. And this night they only intensified when in the voting for the month of November that had barely begun, literally half an hour later, the author Irina Babich suddenly found 102 votes.
Strange, very strange. Usually this is a good indicator when the author gains a hundred votes per month. By the way, earlier it was nominated for a competition. But somehow the stars from the sky were not enough. And then - suddenly, yes immediately! I do not believe!
You know, here I am for honesty!

Good luck and victory! In any case, you are loved, read, your word is valued.
So, you are PEOPLE!
With great respect!

Thank you for your attention, Vera.
And thank you twice for your help.
Kolkhoz Mir is now at a crossroads. Something unthinkable happened a month ago.

What will happen now, no one knows.
I, too, was not a little surprised by the appearance of a marathon with a "dowry" at the competition. Apparently, what is allowed to Jupiter ...
I read it again: "Meeting".
And the second time I want to read this life-filled story. Yes, even as filled. In the calm flow of the plot, such deep streams of feelings boil that one wonders how the banks hold such a channel. And all from life. Our. Appreciated and scolded. Native.
Thank you, Vera, for your words and thoughts are correct.
May you be lucky for all future years.
Sincerely,

Alexander Vasilyevich!
I've read "Cutoff" before. My answer is.
All this is sad. And it's irreparable! If only everything would not have a bad effect on the Mir collective farm. Prosperity and good results!

Good luck to you too, singer. native land! Let your countrymen be proud of you! In turn, I am glad that I know, albeit virtually, with a wonderful writer. From the plow?
Well, so fertile soil and beautiful fruits!
Rejoice, rejoice with the works!

" SMALL SPOOL BUT PRECIOUS…"

(Island that deserves love)

Our planet is generous with gifts: every corner of it is beautiful in its own way. It happens that a small piece of land dazzlingly pleases with its serene sunny bright beauty; and the other - beckons and indulges in year-round warmth of water and air; and another one - dazzles the eyes with tropical colors .... All this does not apply to the region that is called Sakhalin ... And, nevertheless, Sakhalin is beautiful! It can also be sunny, but also generous with snow... it can be bright, or it can become painfully overcast and dangerous, it can warm with warmth, or it can overwhelm with typhoon cyclones...

The shape of Sakhalin Island is often compared to a dolphin, a fish, a shrimp, or a compass needle on a map of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. On the world map, it is barely noticeable - a slender island, cautiously nestled against the eastern side of heavy Eurasia - neither give nor take - "mama's boy" ... In fact, Sakhalin is a very independent, special, rich, unusual and very mysterious land.

Sakhalin - strange word, brought to Europe in the 13th (!) century from China by the famous Marco Polo. This name is translated in different ways, but most often, as “rocks at the mouth of the Black River,” as the Manchus saw it from the banks of the Amur.

Sakhalin was not always an island; in ancient times it was connected by land "umbilical cords" with the mainland and Japanese lands. But for over 10,000 years, its shores have been washed from all sides by the cold waters of the Okhotsk and Seas of Japan…

This piece of land, gracefully elongated from north to south, is a little less than 1000 km long, and its width varies from 8 to 160 km. Therefore, Sakhalin, like a stiletto, pierces several climatic zones: tundra, taiga, temperate marine ...

The northern Sakhalin tundra, as it should be, is severely stingy in appearance, but generous in subsoil - gas, oil in such colossal volumes that the three strongest powers - Russia, the USA, Japan - have enough room for activity. The famous Sakhalin projects for the development of offshore fields are thundering all over the world!

Harsh climate, reindeer, polar partridges, long winter, berry places and unimaginable wealth in the earth and in the sea depths, this is northern Sakhalin.

To the south - real taiga, mountains, coal deposits, furs, gold, tangled and meandering rivers, in the valleys of which temperature drops from -56 C in winter to +34 C in summer ...

Further south - the calm of moderation - the most inhabited part of the island (the climate is milder).

Here, the flora and fauna are masterfully diverse, and a scattering of amazingly beautiful lagoon lakes, luring, does not let go ... And the bowels are generously filled - deposits of building materials, coal and brown coal, peat, building materials, marble, decorative stones, jasper, there is even amber … A special offer of Southern Sakhalin - sea sulfide therapeutic muds of unique quality and healing arsenic water sources. There were and still are colossal reserves of blue clay ...

The flora and fauna of Sakhalin is unique in many respects: more than 100 species are endemic.

The local population has long used everything that grows, lives on Sakhalin and in the surrounding waters for life, nutrition, and treatment.

Eleutherococcus, Schisandra chinensis, actinidia kolomikta, birch, aralia, velvet, adonis, wild rose (we have 4 types of them), blueberries, gonobobel, currants, raspberries, cranberries (all wild plants!) And, alas, "little promoted" in world krasnika (on Far East better known under a not very aesthetic name - klopovka) ... All these are just some of the terrestrial medicinal plants that are very widely used by the population today. And the thickets of sea meadows - fucus, kelp, ahnfeltia ... We are just learning to master them fully.

The special and most widely known wealth of Sakhalin is its fish and seafood: over 200 commercial species (both marine and freshwater), among which we note the most notable and famous - chum salmon, coho salmon, pink salmon, sim, sockeye salmon (these are salmon); there is also a Sakhalin sturgeon - fish breeders are engaged in restoring the number of its herd; among connoisseurs of nature, the legendary “Red Book” Sakhalin taimen, a fish more than 1 meter long and weighing over 30 kg, has a special account. In addition, the near-Sakhalin waters supply the tables of Russians and residents of the countries of the Asian region with delicacy halibut, several types of crab, shrimps, scallop, sea ​​urchin, trepang, flounder, greenling, herring, trumpeter, pollock and other representatives of the abundant (still) local marine fauna ...

The waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the northern part of the Sea of ​​Japan are filled with life - an abundance of cetaceans, different types seals, fish. The land of South Sakhalin is full of greedily developing and living vegetation. Sakhalin is dotted with lakes and rivers that give fresh water. There is everything for people's life here.

The natives of Sakhalin - Ainu, Nivkh, Uilta, Tungus - pagans. The main deities of the Nivkhs (Gilyaks) and the Ainu are the gods of the Earth and Water. Defining the hierarchy of deities, the peoples did not have to rack their brains for a long time: nature itself gave a unique hint, which, perhaps, is not found anywhere. Certainly, chief god- The God of the Earth (the Bear has always been his personification). The argument is not from a person, but from nature: the God of Water annually sends his subjects as a sacrifice to the one who is more important - to the earthly God. What an amazing explanation was found for the majestic phenomenon, which still surprises all its observers - the move to spawn fish. And on Sakhalin, such a rune passage was not only salmon, but also herring. The spectacle is incomprehensible, bewitching, subjugating, sometimes frightening in its inexorability and predestination.

Isn't this a mystery and a mystery - a combination of tundra moss moss and almost tropical lianas on one piece of land; minerals from sand and peat to ... gold. Even mammoth and dinosaur remains have been found on this land.

And its history is even more full of mysteries and intrigues.

Sakhalin changed owners, names, races of the peoples who lived on it ... They owned it different countries. His map is filled with names that reflect all stages of the development of the island by peoples - here are the Dutch names - Tonin, Castricum, given in the 17th century by Martin Garritsen De Vries; and French - Lamanon, Crillon, Jonquiere, Moneron, left at the end of the 19th century by the expedition of Jean Francois Galou de la Perouse; and Russian names - Mordvinova, Maria, Elizabeth, Mulovsky, given by Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern in 1805; and sonorous, but obscure names that preserve the features of the Nivkh, Evenki, Ainu languages- Tunaicha, Nabil, Aniva, Due, Poronay, Moskalvo, Okha ... There are almost no names of Japanese origin left on the map, but in the conversation of Sakhalin people you can still hear - Toyohara, Oodomari, Ochiai, Shiretoku and others - such names were worn during the period of Japanese boards familiar to us Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Korsakov, Dolinsk, Makarov ...

Sakhalin residents are very proud of the names of those who visited the island in different years. This is accepted not only by us. But staying on Sakhalin has always been a significant event for Russians - regardless of what brought them to the edge of Russia - work, service, family affairs or a court decision ...

There were very few who followed to a distant island at the behest of the heart, conscience. That is why Anton Pavlovich Chekhov took a very special place in our history. Having accomplished in 1890 a civil and human feat, having gone to a hard labor island, he was able to accomplish another feat - a literary one. Chekhov's Sakhalin Island, published in 1895, has become for all time best book about Russian history and the life of Sakhalin. Truly an honest book by an honest man.

And those who served here, served a hard time, B.O. Pilsudsky, and M.S. Mitsul, and P.P. Glen, and S.O. Makarov, and G.I. Nevelskaya, and V.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, and V.M. Doroshevich, and F.B. Schmidt, and N.P. Rezanov, and F.F. Bellingshausen… You can't count them all.

Sakhalin history also knew wars. In the distant past - the wars of the natives with the Manchus. The 20th century was marked by two clashes on Sakhalin land - Japan and Russia (USSR).

Both during the Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) and the Soviet-Japanese (August 1945) wars, the fate of Sakhalin's territorial affiliation was decided - and, as a result, it changed! fighting on Sakhalin (during these wars) were extremely tragic in their essence for those who fought.

In 1905, the Russian island of Sakhalin was defended from invasion by partisan detachments, the main backbone of which were convicts and exiled settlers. Another paradox: the prisoners defended Sakhalin, their prison, because during the war the prison became the personification of the Motherland!... Sometimes, one could not even imagine that someone would even know about the worthy end of their sinful lives...

In 1945, when the USSR returned South Sakhalin to the bosom of Russia, a lot of blood was shed on both sides - Japanese and Soviet. The truth was on our side. But, if you think about it, for the Japanese soldiers who fought with us, born in the 20s, the Sakhalin land (Karafuto, as they called it) was also the Motherland ... They died for their villages and their homes, for their own, also native to them, edge...

Everything changed exactly the opposite in 1945: a terrible retribution came to them for the deeds of their grandfathers in 1905.

“These are the ways of anyone who hungers for someone else’s good: it takes the life of the one who has taken possession of it,” says the biblical truth ...

Everyone knows about Sakhalin. Its history is remarkable. His name is heard. It is a household word when in the European part of Russia they talk about something distant, cruel, unfair, terrible, incomprehensible and monetary ...

Life on Sakhalin is not easy, but strangely attractive.

At present, Sakhalin is incredibly polar and controversial: new technologies are combined here using “ last words technology” and dying (still quite recently flourishing) cities and towns; staggering wealth and blinding ugliness of poverty; civilized enterprises and the wildness of the existence of the population; the growing urbanization of the capital of the island against the background of the degradation of the remaining few cities; dazzling romanticism and discouraging cynicism; incredible beauty of nature and equally incredible clutter; fantastic wealth and resources and the still far from prosperous state of the unique subject of our Federation.

Sakhalin - main part the only island region among Russians. From time to time this name fills the pages of newspapers and magazines. From time to time - Sakhalin chains the minds of adventurers. From time to time Sakhalin becomes the object of experiments. From time to time, the island experiences prosperity and, alas, the next one - decline. It has always been so. He is like that - he promises a lot, gives a lot ... Only most of the experimenters forget that he also strictly, by and large, asks ... Those who deceived his trust once, he punishes. Those who betray him, he refuses love. It seems to me that this is fair. Sakhalin is waiting for love and knows how to respond to it. He is waiting for worthy applicants, but they are still beyond the horizon ...

And the horizon near Sakhalin is everywhere!

… An island of contrasts. It's hard to get away from him. It's not easy to get used to it. It's impossible not to love him.

Elena Rashchupkina-Lopukhina

Proverb: Small spool but precious.

What is a "golden"?

Zolotnik is an old Russian measure of weight that was used to weigh gold, silver and precious stones. The spool was equal to 4.3 grams (more precisely, 4.26 g). It is assumed that the word "zolotnik" comes from the name of the first ancient Russian gold coin "zlatnik".

In 1917, after the October Revolution, the old measures of length and weight were abolished and new system which we still use today. Thus, the word "spool" went out of everyday use, and remained to live in proverbs.

How to understand the proverb "Small spool, but expensive":

In the old days, a spool was called a measure of weight equal to about 4.3 g. A weight in the spool was used to measure the mass of precious metals - gold and silver. The heavier the ingot, the more expensive it is. But even if a small "piece" of gold weighed only one spool, it was still of great value. So the proverb was born: "Small spool, but expensive."

The proverb is used in most different situations and can refer to both people and inanimate objects. When we say this about a person, we mean that despite the modest and very ordinary appearance, young age, not the most high position in society, etc., he has qualities for which he can be valued and respected.

There are many sayings that are similar in meaning: “Small, but remote”, “Small cricket, but sings loudly”, “Small bird, but sharp claw”, “Small nightingale, but great voice” and others. If we apply this saying in relation to any thing, we emphasize that it has a special value for us. For example, if it is a gift for a loved one, even if it is not the most expensive one.

The main meaning of the proverb: Even something small (by weight or size) can be very valuable.

Other proverbs with the word "spool":

• Health (glory) comes in gold pieces, and leaves in pounds.
• Misfortune (grief, misfortune, shortage) comes in pounds, and leaves in spools.

Proverbs similar in meaning, analogues:

• Small, but remote.
• The cricket is small, but it sings loudly.
• The bird is small, but the claw is sharp.
• The nightingale is small, but the voice is great.
• Small ruff, but prickly.
• The spool is small, but they weigh gold, the camel is large, but they carry water on it.
• The pot is small, but the meat is cooked.
• Small and smart, old and stupid.
• The spool is small, but expensive, the figure is great, but the fool.
• Small spool but precious; the stump is great, but the hollow.
• Small shorty, but strong.
• A small chunk, but a century feeds.
• An ant is small, but it digs mountains.
• Small initiative, but expensive.
• Small in body, but great in deed.
• Small, but expensive spool, and a large pile, but smelly.

A short story with the proverb "Small spool, but expensive." Help writing an essay

Often asked in school composition on the topic of: Write short story according to the proverb "Small spool, but expensive". The task can cause misunderstanding not only among schoolchildren, but also among their parents. But for the sake of this, they go to school - to learn something new and develop their intellect. Therefore, we will not give up, but we will try to write an essay together. The meaning of the proverb has already been sorted out. Now we will try to find situations to which the proverb about the spool can be applied.

You can start your story like this:

• In the life of each of us every day there are situations to which one or another proverb can be picked up. Once an incident happened to me, about which you can say "Small spool, but expensive." (and tell a suitable story from your life).
• “The spool is small, but expensive” is a very wise proverb. Its meaning is that even something very small and insignificant can be of great value. It can be an act, a thing dear to the heart, or the fruit of a person's efforts.

"Small spool, but expensive": examples of situations

• The boy with mom and dad went to the sea. The trip turned out to be interesting, fun, with a lot of impressions. On the seashore, the boy found a small shell. Its edges were chipped, and on one side there was even a crack. Despite this, the shell was very beautiful, and by putting it to your ear, you could even hear the sound of the sea. The boy took her with him. At home, in Russia, the boy showed the shell to his grandmother, friends and talked about a trip to the sea. His eyes shone with happiness. Small spool but precious.
• The two brothers went for a walk in the yard. The older brother's name was Misha, and the younger one was Vanya. The boys began to play tag and suddenly heard a dog barking. Rushed across the yard little kitty, and after it - big dog. Misha was frightened and climbed up the hill, and Vanya blocked the dog's path and shielded the kitten with himself. The dog did not expect such a turn of events and left. So Vanya's brave act saved the kitten from inevitable death. Small spool but precious.
• Varya could not learn to knit for a long time. The fingers did not obey, the threads were tangled, the knitting needles pricked the fingers painfully. The girl could not knit even the simplest scarf, but she started again and again, even if it came out crooked. Dissolved a number and taken again. And finally, by the beginning of winter, Varya managed to knit a scarf. It was short and uneven in places, but bright and very warm. But most importantly, the scarf was handmade! Small spool but precious.

Examples of similar situations from own life a student or parents can pick up essays before writing and compose their own story. And we hope that the article will help you with this 😉