Where and how did the folk theater appear? Have you thought about how and when the Russian theater arose? Its origins go back centuries. Elements of theatrical action were contained in the calendar ritual games for Christmas time and Shrovetide. They were played by mummers - people dressed in

How did the Maly Theater appear? The "progenitor" of the Maly Theater was the theater at Moscow University. His troupe was created in 1756, after the Decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, which marked the birth of a professional theater in our country: “We have now ordered to establish

When appeared puppet show? Puppet theater is one of those art forms that are represented in almost all countries of the world. Its history dates back many thousands of years and its roots go back to ancient times. Apparently, the puppet theater arose as

When and where did the first man appear? In various places on Earth, scientists have found and are finding the bones of ancient people. Excavations in the valley near the village of Neander (Germany) are widely known. Later, the remains of human beings, reminiscent of those previously found in Neander,

When did the first Negro appear in America? You've probably heard it said that the only true Americans are the Indians. All the rest have ancestors who came here from other countries. Negroes also came here from other countries. But most people don't

How did the first revolver appear? For a long time gunsmiths different countries tried to create a multiply charged hand weapon. They came up with many samples, but the most successful of them was a revolver invented by the American designer S. Colt. Inventor

When did the first women's order appear? Under Peter I, several orders were established, but one of them became the first female award in Russian Empire. It received the name of the Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine, although it was originally called the Order of the Liberation.

When did the first "thick" magazine appear in Russia? The first entertainment magazine is considered to be the Library for Reading, a monthly magazine published in St. Petersburg from 1834 to 1865. The initiator of the publication was the famous bookseller A. Smirdin. In 1833 he invited

Theater is rooted in Ancient Greece over two millennia ago. ancient art originated as a spectacular entertainment of the public, festive skits of costumed actors. The performances were originally timed to coincide with the Great Dionysius, a great religious holiday.

Now the theater is undoubtedly something more than a procession of singing men in goatskins through the city. He became high art, a way of high society recreation, a place of cultural enlightenment. The history of the theater is a fascinating process of development that continues to this day. We will tell the reader in our article. You will also find many interesting facts in the presented material. So, let's begin.

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Athens in the 5th century BC. e. theatrical performances were an integral part of religious holidays. Processions with the statue of Dionysus were accompanied by cheerful chants and dramatic games. We can say that the history of the Athenian theater began as an amateur performance for a small number of onlookers. Initially, only tragedies were staged, comedies began to be shown later. It is noteworthy that the plays, as a rule, were shown only once. This stimulated the authors to create topical, interesting works. The playwright not only wrote the play, he was a full-fledged participant in the performance, playing the roles of director, composer, choreographer and even actor. Naturally, these were exceptionally talented people.

But to become a choreg (leader of the choir), great talent was not required. All they needed was money and connections with government officials. The choreg's main duty was to pay the bills, provide full financial support and support the theatre. It was in those days a place of competition, the choreg, the poet and the protagonist won it. The winners were crowned with ivy and awarded prizes. The victory was given to them by the decision of the jury.

An interesting fact is that the ancient Romans were real fans of realism. The production was considered ideal in which the actor got used to the role by 100% - if necessary, he had to be ready even to die.

At the time when Pushkin was alive, theaters in Russia were not completely seated. The back rows were occupied by people standing on their feet throughout the performance.

A landmark play in the history of Russian theatrical art is "Undergrowth" by D. I. Fonvizin, which became the first attempt to ridicule officials, nobles, typical characters of the 18th century. Starodum (a positive character) was the first to play just the above-mentioned Dmitrevsky.

In 1803 the imperial theaters were divided. Dramatic and musical troupe, opera and ballet, as parts of the musical. domination french school games on Russian stage lasted until the 19th century. It was then that the Russian theater finally got on its feet and went its own way. The adopted experience became a good base, and the discovery of new talented Russian composers, actors, dancers raised the theater to a high level.

P. N. Arapov was the first to describe the entire history of the Russian theater in one encyclopedia - “Chronicles of the Russian Theater”. Theatrical magazines appear and professional critics. Thus, the development of the theater gave impetus, among other things, to Russian literature.

The most famous theater in Moscow

The history of the Bolshoi Theater begins on March 28, 1776. It was on this day in Moscow that Empress Catherine II signed a “privilege” for Prince Peter Urusov, allowing him to maintain the theater for ten years. It was called at first the Petrovsky Theater (in honor of the street on which the entrance went). In 1805, the building burned down completely, architect Osip Bove created new project. In 1820, construction began, lasting 5 years.

The built theater became larger, which is why it got its name. This beautiful, harmonious, rich building pleased the inhabitants of Moscow until 1853, when the second fire broke out. This time, the reconstruction was entrusted to the architect Albert Kavos. The theater was restored already in 1856. The Imperial Bolshoi Theater became famous not only in Russia, but also in the world: it had excellent acoustics. In 1917, after the Revolution, the name was changed to the State Bolshoi Theatre. The decoration was supplemented with Soviet symbols.

He was seriously injured during the Great Patriotic War by taking on the bomb. The building was reconstructed again. Until 1987, the building underwent only minor cosmetic repairs. Now the Bolshoi Theater is a building with new scene where you can use modern effects. At the same time, it kept the spirit classical architecture, its "signature" acoustics, which gives it the right to be considered one of the the best theaters in the world. This is the history of the Bolshoi Theatre.

And finally, one more, no less interesting fact. Movies set wholly or partly in a theatre: Birdman, The Disaster Artist, La La Land, The Phantom of the Opera, Burlesque of a Tale, Knockout, Bumping Broadway, Black swan", "The Puppeteer", "A Terribly Big Adventure", "Shakespeare in Love", "Murder in a Small Town", "Orfevre Quay".

The history of the theater (drama and other genres of this art) will continue to develop, as interest in it has remained unchanged for more than two thousand years.

It all started in primitive society when a person was completely dependent on the forces of nature incomprehensible to him. The change of seasons, unexpected colds, crop failures, fires, diseases - everything was attributed to supernatural forces that had to be won over. One of the surest ways to achieve success was magic or sorcery. It consisted in the fact that before the start of any work a scene was played out depicting the successful completion of this process. The participants in these performances used complex pantomime, accompanied by singing, music and dancing. And in these ritual actions elements of contemporary theater…Photo-1L

IN Ancient Egypt already at the end of the third millennium BC. every year, theatrical scenes about the patron of farmers and artisans, the god Osiris, were staged at the temples.

In Greece, carnival-type rites in honor of rural gods have long been common. The cult of the god Dionysus played an important role in the development of the Greek theater. These performances consisted of three tragedies and three comedies. Theaters were built in the open air and were of enormous size. The actors were only men, who also played female roles. Comedy characters were supposed to cause laughter, so the masks worn by the actors had flattened noses, protruding lips and bulging eyes. Spectacles were also popular in Greece folk theater called memes. A mime is a small scene of a domestic or satirical nature, in which both market thieves and mythological heroes. Not only men, but also women performed in them, and in these theatrical performances The actors performed without masks.

Theater ancient rome is a spectacle intended primarily for the entertainment of the public. And actors were considered people of the lowest classes, but some actors have achieved universal respect.

Theater of the Renaissance, these performances were cheerful, full of sharp satire and juicy humor. Theatrical spectacles were arranged in the squares, on wooden stages, around which there was always a large crowd of people. Theaters began to be concentrated in large industrial and cultural cities. In the same period, the theater was divided into types. Opera, for example, originated at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, ballet from the middle of the 18th century, operetta from the middle of the 19th century.

A feature of the dramaturgy of this era of the theater was the presence of a high heroic principle, the division of concepts into good and evil, a free transition from the sublime to the base, from the tragic to the comic.

The Renaissance and gave impetus to further development theater and bringing it closer to the one we know now.