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Lyudochka the main characters. Problems in the story `Lyudochka` by V. Astafiev

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Introduction

Conclusion

Literature

story astafiev lyudochka suicide

Introduction

In this essay, the relevance of the topic presented in the story of V. Astafiev "Lyudochka" was considered.

People, thoughts, characters, life situations and the actions described in the story about thirty years ago are modern in our time. A foolish, unpunished world surrounds the heroes of the work. No matter how many years have passed, the problems remain the same. The phenomena that V. Astafiev narrates are not accidental - they are directly taken from our life.

Sadism, impunity for a crime, an unfair attitude - Lyudochka experienced all this herself. She simply did not have the strength to deal with the circumstances. In addition, she did not find support either from her family or from the owner of the apartment. Everyday life, the usual monotonous course of life - there is no room for change! What could help the poor desperate girl? It was unlikely that she could get out of this situation on her own. After all, the world is so complicated, especially for teenagers. And how I wanted ordinary human peace and happiness!

Chapter 1

"Morality is Truth," wrote Vasily Shukshin. Truth and morality are inseparable in literature. Light love, intransigence to any evil and kindness, admiration for the beauty of the Earth is expressed in the works of Viktor Astafiev "in the first person", with all frankness and fearlessness. "By nature, he is a moralist and a singer of humanity", in the fate of his heroes "highlights ethical moments that are understandable to any time, both present and tomorrow" - notes critic A. Makarov, speaking about the work of Viktor Petrovich. In the September issue of the magazine " New world"For one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine, Astafyev's story "Lyudochka" was published. It is about youth, but there is no youth in its heroes. But there are lonely, somewhere deep in themselves suffering and worn out shadows staggering around the world, throwing their gloomy feelings on impressionable souls readers. Particularly striking in the heroes of Astafiev is loneliness. Creepy and unchanging. Lyudochka is trying to escape from this feeling. But already the first lines of the work, where the heroine is compared with sluggish, frozen grass, suggest that Lyudochka, like this grass, is not capable of life, she's leaving parental home where strangers remain. And lonely too. Mother has long been accustomed to the arrangement of her life. Lyudochka's stepfather had nothing to do with her. "He lived, she lived in one house and nothing more." Alien girl in home. Alien among people. Today it is clear to everyone that our society is sick. But in order to properly treat it, you need a correct diagnosis. The best minds of the country are fighting over this. A very accurate diagnosis of one of the terrible diseases that hit the country was made by Astafyev. the main tragedy the heroine of his story "Lyudochka", in the image of which the pain of the vast majority of our compatriots was reflected like two drops of water, he saw in spiritual loneliness. The story fits easily into literary process modernity. One of the main features of Viktor Petrovich's talent is the ability to cover the problems that concern many writers: mismanagement, the decline in morality, the collapse of the village, the growth of crime. Astafiev shows us the everyday, gray, most ordinary life: home - work - home. In this circle lives Gavrilovna, who lost her health at the hairdresser's, her comrades, who take all the sorrows and blows of fate for granted. In this circle there should be main character Lyudochka story. And she, without resisting, crawls in this circle, and her dream is the most ordinary, like all young girls: to get married, learn to work. The speech of Astafiev's heroes convincingly illustrates this situation. social psychology. “As long as you become a student, live, but when you become a master, go to the hostel, God willing, and you will arrange life,” Gavrilovna instructed the girl. The biography of the main character is given by the writer at the very beginning of the story. "Lyudochka was born in a small dying village" "weak, sickly and whiny." With the help of epithets, the author creates in the reader an appropriate psychological mood for the development of the main storyline. Episodes one after another reveal the moral essence of human relations, gradually preparing us for a tragic denouement. Cynicism, lack of spirituality is the first plot last of the story. The second layer, an ecological catastrophe, is closely connected with it. Pictures of nature in the work "are not just a background against which the action unfolds, they are important in the structure of the story. They are deep meaning, because in relation to nature, to the earth, the spiritual appearance of man is revealed, his moral essence is manifested. We see a village "choking in wild growth", a burst central heating pipe, described so naturally that you feel its "flavors". Both of these symbols help to see many troubles and real dangers more clearly, without embellishment. This is a certain author's position, this is the desire to excite the reader, to make him look around. V. Astafiev, selflessly loving person, throughout the course of his narrative, proves how necessary is the most acute struggle against lack of spirituality, opportunism, like a worm, from the inside undermining the moral foundations of society, which has always been easy to "operate" with the fate of thousands of people. But there was a lack of attention to specific destinies. When a bandit abused Lyudochka, she found herself completely alone. On the street, the leader of the city punks got scared to intercede for her, who gave in to a more sophisticated swindler. The landlady immediately recoiled from her (her shirt is closer). Not until Lyudochka's misfortune turned out to be in parental home. Everywhere the main character was faced with indifference. It was precisely this that she could not withstand the "betrayal of people close to her. But apostasy manifested itself earlier. At some point, Lyudochka realized that she herself was involved in this tragedy. She herself showed indifference until the trouble touched her personally. It was no coincidence that Lyudochka recalled her stepfather It was not for nothing that she remembered a guy dying in the hospital, all the pain and drama of which the living did not want to understand. They, the living, do not have his pain, not his life, their compassion is dear to them, and they want his torments ended so that they themselves would not suffer. “The living did not want to sacrifice themselves to the dying. Lyudochka herself did not then realize that if she had taken a step towards the dying man, perhaps then a miracle would have happened: together they would have become stronger than death would have risen to life, in him, almost dead, such a mighty impulse would have emerged that he would have swept away everything on the way to resurrection. "The heroine turned out to be far from this. And it is quite natural that, having got into trouble, now she has not met understanding from others. That's what brought the girl to a tragic outcome. The composition of the story attracts attention. After telling about the misfortune that happened to Lyudochka, the author returns us with the memory of the heroine to the past in order to find an explanation for what happened. The writer strives for such an image when the reader gets the opportunity not only see, but literally feel the living current of life in the picture that rises in front of him.The plot "is not only and not just a visible event, but more often and more a hidden subtext connection that links the text with the guiding movement of the author's thought. In our case, "thoughts about the universal interconnectedness of destinies living in a disconnected, split, but in one world, on one earth. Lyudochka took upon herself the sins of so many: Strekocha, mother, school, Gavrilovna, Soviet militia, the youth of the town. This is something that Dostoevsky could not agree with "the redemption of the innocent and those who do not understand someone's sins. The tragedy of a girl" short life, hopeless, monotonous, gray, indifferent, without affection and love. The death of the heroine "is her take-off. Only after her death did she suddenly become necessary for her mother, Gavrilovna, she was noticed. The story is extremely touching, because the reader feels how the author himself is surprisingly caring and kind-hearted to this girl. Astafiev put into Gavrilovna's mouth big number aphorisms, stable turns ("my little gold", "blue-winged dove", "swallow", "killer whale"). This is used by the author to characterize the hostess, to give an emotional assessment of her individual qualities. The heroes of Astafiev inherit the style and spirit of their time and their speech is not just a dialect, but "the spokesman for all mental and moral forces." "Bad" written out with gusto. It remains only to applaud the writer for his excellent knowledge of jargon (“we tear our claws”, “comrades”, “fuck off”, “godfather”). Russian proverbs, sayings and other set phrases and expressions occupy significant place among those used by the writer visual means First of all, because they have great expressive possibilities: high degree generalization, emotionality, expressiveness. The author conveys his worldview to us with amazing artistic expressiveness, capacious, plastic language. Steady turns give the heroes' speech liveliness, accuracy, characteristic of folk speech ("it got into the head", "bending back", "worked like a horse"). Astafiev's language is rich, colorful, unique in its melodic sound. In addition to simple personifications (such as "the village suffocated in the wild growth", "Genu the crocodile who emitted the rubber spirit"), many complex ones are used, full of epithets and metaphors, creating a separate picture ("staggering drunkenly, squatting, dancing a worn heart", "silver overseas buttons were shot off from the tailcoat"). Therefore, the work turned out to be so rich, bright, unforgettable. The writer does not focus only on the shadowy sides of life. There is a bright beginning in his story, which, brightening up many hardships, comes from the hearts of workers, which are not translated into Rus'. I recall the scene of haymaking, when "Lyudochka and mother threw a haystack", and then the girl "washed hay dust and dust off herself in her native river" with that joy that is known only to people who have worked hard. artistic technique The contrast, successfully applied here by the writer, emphasizes the spiritual closeness of man to nature, which cannot be felt in a city mired in the darkness of ignorance, poverty and complete backwardness. Look around: contention, anger, pride torment and torment our land. If not us, then who will break through this vicious circle"Therefore, the problems are especially relevant in the light of today raised by V. Astafiev. Thinking about Lyudochka, about her fate, about that corrupting, oppressive environment in which her peers and their relatives live, one involuntarily wants to exclaim: "This is worse than the truth."

Chapter 2 People and their characters in the story "Lyudochka"

I have always seen what others have not seen;

but what others have seen, I have not seen.

Salvador Dali

Lyudochka is a gray, inconspicuous girl from a village as inconspicuous as herself, from the same family who pays little attention to her.

Moved to the city, got an unusual job. Everything in her life was too ordinary. She herself is gray, in a gray time, in a gray environment with gray people.

All people in Astafiev's story "Lyudochka" live according to the principle "no matter how it happens." They are people in a box. Eternal fear of those who are above them or those who are stronger. Nobody wants to fight: the guys from the park, Strekach, Gavrilovna, Lyudochka's mother and father, stepfather, and Lyudochka herself.

Why is this topic relevant to our time? Take a look around! What do you see? Don't you notice these same "people in a case"? They are everywhere, in everyone human society, in every even the smallest group.

A "man in a case" who is afraid, looking for the easiest ways, trying to live his life as inconspicuously as possible - in our world this is a standard, a common thing that will not surprise anyone.

To get out of the "case", to have your own opinion, to disagree with the accepted standards - this is already a tragedy! Try to do at least something small, different from the actions of others, and they don’t understand you anymore, they say: “He’s somehow strange,” or they simply condemn you. Try to do something that is already very different, even flashy - and you are already hated. Already whispering in all corners: "Ai-yay-yay! How is it! What a bad person."

Being like everyone else is really much easier. You do not need to stand out from the crowd either by your behavior, or by your thoughts and judgments, or by your clothes. Everyone will go to the right, and you will go. They go to the left - and you go there too. You won't even think of turning the other way. Go exactly the opposite. No. You will go with everyone and think how good it is to be part of society. You will, like everyone else, copy essays from the GDZ, download ready-made essays from the Internet and tremble in front of the director.

V. Astafiev's story was written in 1989. At that time, for "other" thoughts and statements, often turning out to be more true than the generally accepted opinion, they could be called a "fascist". It's much easier for us now. Freedom of writing and speech. For this they no longer plant, but still this hostility towards those who are different remains.

Whether now, or thirty years ago, or a hundred, two hundred, a significant person, who stood out, was dying, they remembered him, grieved. We remember and famous poets and writers, and talented commanders. We do not remember invisible people. Turning to the text, one can understand that after the death of Lyudochka nothing has changed, the world has not turned upside down, life has continued its course. This suggests that even during their lifetime, no one paid due attention to the girls. The mother paid no attention to her own daughter. She was small, her mother tried to fix drinking husband, adapt. Husband left new task- Find yourself a new man. Found - now life, a family must be built. And Lyudochka? Daughter? Yes, she has grown up. Let him go to the city and don't bother us.

The daughter returned home after the grief that had happened to her, and they told her: "Go milk the cow." All that remains is to cry to the old, not understanding animal. What's at home? At home, my beloved mother cries, talks about her life. And ask about the affairs of your daughter? Yes, it is written on her face that something worries her, something has happened! What's the difference mother? The mother is building a family with "her own", she is going to give birth to a child.

Consider the situation with Gavrilovna. An old lonely woman with her cockroaches in her head, who does not tolerate objections and violations of the rules established by her. Sensing a weakness in the girl’s character, she immediately sat on her neck: “Lyudochka cooked, washed, scraped, whitewashed, dyed, washed, ironed, and it was not a burden for her to keep the house completely clean, but a pleasure ... ".

After the suicide of the girl, nothing has changed for anyone. Almost no one. As soon as the stepfather escaped from this vicious "case". He punished the guilty, went against the rules, went against fear, went against everyone. As for the rest? Lyudochka's mother continued to develop her personal life. Fearless, Soap, frightened, went to study, and then he got married, he had a son. At first Gavrilovna suffered, but I think later she again found herself just as simple as Lyudochka, whom she could influence with her own words and make her work around the house.

Perhaps Lyudochka herself is not to blame for her fate. She was always treated like she didn't exist. As she lived as a gray mouse, so she died as a gray one. Suicide is not a protest, but the only way out of this situation. She does not find support in the family, Gavrilovna does not consider what happened to be some kind of tragedy, the attitude of the “punks” from the park only got worse. Ravil Alev said: "Suicide is a plea for help that no one has heard."

Having received no support and help, Lyudochka made an attempt to escape from herself. "A suicide is a person who died while trying to escape from himself," said Wiesław Brudzinski.

Dullness, ordinariness of a girl is her main problem. She does not have the strength or courage to drop the standards, get out of the "case", defy the rules. And even now, not everyone will do this, being afraid of the consequences, and what can we say about that time!

The only way out, the path to freedom without restrictions and rules, unfortunately, was death.

"Ah, freedom, freedom! Even a hint, even a faint hope of its possibility gives wings to the soul, doesn't it?" (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. "The Man in the Case").

Conclusion

The routine, which P. Astafiev narrates in his story "Lyudochka", is a normal phenomenon not only of that time, but also of the present. Since that time, life has changed only superficially, but internally it has remained the same. Vices, fears, indifference of loved ones and others, cruelty, permissiveness, immorality - everything is present in our life.Just like then, an attempt to escape from reality is suicide (but this is more an exception than a rule), and a similar phenomenon usually occurs in adolescence, where the fragile psyche of a child who has literally just grown up does not allows you to come to terms with the injustice and imperfection of the world around you.

Currently, one person dies by suicide every forty seconds. Suicide is the thirteenth leading cause of death worldwide. In adolescents, suicide is the fourth leading cause of death. Just think about it! How many valuable lives are being carried away into non-existence more out of stupidity than out of hopelessness. After all, in every situation you can find a way out.

In the story of V. Astafiev, Lyudochka also committed suicide, illuminated by a random thought, offended not only by the guys from the park and her mother, but also by life itself. There is not even a thought about death in the work. During a fit of despair and hopelessness, the girl convinced herself that suicide is only decision problems.

You just had to wait out the critical moment, to be stronger, if not someone else, then at least yourself!

Literature

1. O. Shelgunova. "Moral and philosophical problems of V. Astafiev's creativity". Internet resource: http://syrrik.narod.ru

2. Reviews and testimonials. Internet resource: http://www.stavcur.ru

3. Viktor Barakov. "What was he like, Viktor Astafiev?" Internet resource: http://www.riasamara.ru

4. V. Astafiev "Lyudochka". Digital library. Internet resource: http://www.infoliolib.info

5. World Health Organization.

Internet resource: http://www.who.int/en

6. Quotes and aphorisms. Internet resources: http://citation.info/, http://aphorism-citation.ru

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Problems of the story

This story is about youth, but there is no youth in the heroes created by Astafiev. All of them - suffering somewhere deep in themselves and staggering around the world. These worn shadows cast their gloomy sensations on the souls of readers. In particular, Astafiev's heroes are struck by loneliness, which in the work is unchanging and creepy. The main character of the story "Lyudochka" (Astafiev) strives to break out of this circle. The problematic of the work lies in the clash between internal and outside world. It can be seen that even the first lines of the story, in which the heroine of the work is compared with frozen sluggish grass, suggest that she, like this grass, is not capable of life.

The attitude of parents towards Lyudochka

The attitude of parents to Lyudochka - important point, which should be stopped during the analysis. Astafiev ("Lyudochka") draws the relationship between the main character and her parents is far from ideal. Lyudochka leaves the house where she spent her childhood. In it, too, lonely, strangers remain. The girl's mother has long been accustomed to the device own life. And the stepfather treated the main character indifferently. Astafiev notes that they just lived in the same house, and that's all. The girl felt like a stranger among people.

The problem of mental loneliness

Our society is sick, it is clear to everyone today. But in order to choose the right treatment, you need to make the right diagnosis. The best minds countries are struggling with this, trying to conduct their own analysis. Astafiev ("Lyudochka") made a very accurate diagnosis for a terrible disease that struck the country. The writer saw the main character of the story in mental loneliness. Her image reflected the pain of many of our compatriots. The story "Lyudochka" (Astafiev) is very relevant today. Its problems are close and familiar to many people living today.

The story created by Astafiev easily fits into the modern one. One of the main features of the author's talent is the ability to cover problems that concern many writers: the collapse of the village, the decline in morality, mismanagement, and the growth of crime. Viktor Petrovich shows us a gray, everyday, ordinary life. In the circle "home-work-home" live Gavrilovna, a woman who lost her health in a hairdressing salon, and her companions, who take all the blows of fate for granted. And the main character should be in this circle, as our analysis shows. Astafiev ("Lyudochka") portrays her by no means as an exceptional heroine capable of changing this world. She is forced to exist in difficult conditions and understand that there is no way out.

The tangled fate of Lyudochka

When the main character of the work graduated from the 9th grade and became a girl, her mother told her that Lyudochka should go to the city to settle down, since she had nothing to do in the village. The main idea of the story is to depict the confused fate of a girl who is squeezed by the economic framework (in order to somehow survive in the city, one had to agree to any job), as well as the cruel customs of the city unacceptable for the village. The writer skillfully revealed the character of Lyudochka, as well as the moral problems of his contemporary generation, and analyzed them. Astafyev ("Lyudochka") was able to tell about many serious things in an accessible way, to arouse compassion and sympathy for the unfair fate of the main character.

Why did Lyudochka commit suicide?

Lyudochka, having arrived home, did not even find proper support from her mother, because she was preoccupied with her own problems. The main character was capable of a desperate act, resolute in herself, like everyone else. She was always the first to throw herself into the river in her childhood. And now, with a noose around her neck, Lyudochka, as in childhood, pushed off with her feet and covered her ears with her palms, as if she had thrown herself into a bottomless and boundless pool from a highly washed-out shore. On the one hand, the girl decided in this way to solve all her problems without interfering with anyone, but on the other hand, her determination can be envied. The characterization of Lyudochka Astafiev is very remarkable. The determination of the main character is not characteristic of many young people of our time.

Interconnection of fates

The writer strives to give such an image in the story so that the reader has the opportunity not only to see, but also to feel the living current of life in the picture that rises before him. Analyzing Astafiev's story "Lyudochka", one more important point should be noted. The plot is not just and not only a visible event connection, but also something more - a hidden subtext, which holds the whole work together with the movement of the author's thought. In our case, these are thoughts about the interconnectedness of destinies living in a split, disconnected, but still in the same world, on the same earth. Lyudochka took upon herself the sins of so many: her mother, Strekocha, Gavrilovna, the school, the youth of the town, the Soviet police. This is something that Dostoevsky could not agree with yet - the atonement of someone's sins by the ignorant and innocent. A short life, monotonous, hopeless, indifferent, gray, without love and affection is the tragedy of a girl. Her death is her rise. Only after her death did Lyudochka suddenly become necessary to her mother, Gavrilovna. She was finally noticed. Astafiev's story is very touching, because the reader can feel how kind-hearted and caring the author is towards this girl.

Tragedy of the "little man"

Tragedy" little man"is revealed in this work. Astafiev continues in it one of the most beloved topics in Russian literature of the 19th century. The work describes the fate of one unfortunate village girl who came to the city in search of happiness, but stumbled upon the cruelty and indifference of people. Lyudochka was abused, however the worst thing is not this: the people she loved did not want to understand her.Therefore, the girl committed suicide, not finding moral support in any of them.

The image of Ludochka Astafiev created the following: this is an ordinary Russian girl, of which there are many. The main character did not differ from childhood either in intelligence or beauty, but she retained in her soul respect for people, mercy, decency and kindness. This girl was weak. That is why Gavrilovna, who sheltered her in the city, dumped all the housework on Lyudochka. The girl did it with pleasure and did not take offense at her.

Language features in the story

We are conducting an ideological and artistic analysis of Astafiev's story "Lyudochka". We have described the ideological basis of the work, now we turn to artistic features this story.

The writer put into Gavrilovna's mouth a large number of steady phrases, aphorisms ("killer whale", "swallow", "grey-winged dove", "my little gold"). With the help of these expressions, the author characterizes the hostess, her individual qualities receive an emotional assessment. The spirit and style of their time are inherited by Astafiev's heroes. Their speech is not just talk. She is the spokesman for all moral and mental powers. One can only applaud the writer for his excellent knowledge of jargon ("comrades", "tear claws", "godfather", "fuck off"). Russian sayings, proverbs and other phrases occupy a significant place among the figurative means used by the writer. And this is no coincidence - they have huge expressive possibilities: expressiveness, emotionality, a high degree of generalization. The author conveys his worldview to the reader in a plastic, capacious, artistically expressive language. Reading the work "Lyudochka" by Astafiev, one can notice that the accuracy inherent in folk speech, liveliness give the speech of the heroes steady turns ("worked like a horse", "bent back", "got into the head"). Colourful, rich, unique in the melodic sound of the author's language. In addition to simple personifications (for example, "the village suffocated in wild growth"), he uses many complex ones, filled with metaphors and epithets, creating a separate picture. Therefore, the story turned out so bright, rich and unforgettable.

Contrast reception

Victor Astafiev ("Lyudochka") does not focus his attention exclusively on the shady aspects of life. An analysis of the work shows that there is also a bright beginning in it, brightening up many adversities. It comes from the hearts of numerous workers who are not translated in Rus'. I recall the scene of haymaking, the episode when the main character, together with her mother, threw a haystack, and then Lyudochka washed off the dust and hay dust from herself in her native river with joy known only to people who worked to their heart's content. The method of contrast, which Astafiev successfully applied here, emphasizes the spiritual closeness with human nature, which is impossible to feel in a city mired in poverty, the darkness of ignorance and complete backwardness.

Why is Astafiev's story "Lyudochka" attractive?

This story is attractive because the author, in such a small work, was able to pose a number of important problems for the reader. The writer depicted in bright art form paintings real life many people. However, Astafiev's main task was probably to show all of us into what abyss we are moving. And if you do not stop in time, humanity is threatened with complete degeneration. It is on this idea that the story "Lyudochka" suggests. Astafiev encourages us to think about the world around us and about our own soul, try to change ourselves, learn to sympathize with our neighbor and love people, see the beauty of this world and try to preserve it. After all, beauty, as you know, will save the world.

Sections: Literature

Purpose of the lessons:

continue acquaintance with the writer, referring to his biography and read works; to form an interest in the personality and work of Astafiev;
reveal the moral problems that have become decisive in the writer's work;
form an active life position in high school students;

Preparing for lessons:

portraits of the writer in different periods of his life and illustrations for his books;
television film "Meetings of Nikita Mikhalkov with Astafiev" (20 minutes),
an exhibition of books read and questions for the upcoming quiz,
the story of V. Astafiev "Lyudochka" (preliminary students read the named work);
mini-compositions "Victor Astafiev in my life";
annotations to the works of the writer.

During the classes

I. Meeting with the writer. Interview with students.

What do we know about Astafiev?

Astafiev in my life (reading mini-essays about the writer).

Name the books you read. Briefly formulate the problem depicted in the work, reveal the main idea of the author.

A word about a writer.

Viktor Petrovich Astafiev was born on May 1, 1924 in the village of Ovsyanka, not far from Krasnoyarsk. The writer lived both a long and a short life at the same time (he died in December 2001), leaving behind a noticeable mark in literature as a writer and a person. He describes his homeland as follows:

"Everyone who went or is going to go to the power plant, does not bypass my native village - it is between two cities, and now there is a small railway station in Ovsyanka ...".

At present, Ovsyanka has become upset, has become almost a suburb, stands on the border of the Stolby nature reserve and is a source of curiosity for tourists, because many fans of Astafyev's talent dream of visiting the land that raised Astafyev, his love for the earth, man and life itself.

Having lost his mother early, he was brought up by his grandparents, and then in orphanage. A huge role in shaping Astafiev's personality was played by the following people, about whom the writer writes with tenderness and deep gratitude in his autobiography. Who are they?

Vasily Ivanovich Sokolov - a former teacher, and then the director of the Igarsk orphanage (read an excerpt from the article for the book "So I want to live", pp. 7-8).

Ignatiy Dmitrievich Rozhdestvensky - Siberian writer, former teacher Astafieva (ibid., pp. 9-11)

In his autobiography, Viktor Astafiev names all his friends and thanks them for everything. What did they do for him. And most importantly, they were there at different periods of his life and helped him not to get lost in the maze of problems that he had to solve with early age(ibid., p. 12).

Watching a TV movie.

What new did you learn about Astafiev?

What impression did Astafiev make on you - a man?

How does the writer feel about his work?

Astafiev's life credo. What is it based on?

Nikita Mikhalkov. Astafiev in his life.

Milestones in the writer's life.

(Compiled together with students on the basis of the knowledge gained in preparation for the lesson and in the lesson)

1941 railway school FZO at the station "Yenisei", train compiler in the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk;
1942 front, driver, artillery reconnaissance officer, signalman, severely wounded.
1945 demobilization. Lived in the Urals for 18 years as a loader, locksmith, foundry worker, evening school.
1951 the first story "Civil Man" in the newspaper "Chusovskoy worker".
1953 Perm. The first collection of short stories "Until next spring".
1961 Higher Literary Courses under the Union of Writers of the USSR

A famous writer whose works have been translated into many languages of the world.

Laureate of State Prizes.

Thinking with the Writer

What is the main task of the writer as an artist of the word?

"... each person is a separate world, whether it is bad, good, criminal, sick, but the world, and the process of self-knowledge is the process of comprehending the meaning of life "through oneself."

(The main task is to help readers to comprehend the meaning of life, to know themselves and through this knowledge, perhaps, to change and determine themselves and among those around them).

What especially worries Astafiev?

"Here's the word: children are happiness, children are joy, children are light in the window! But children are also our torment! Our eternal anxiety! Children are our judgment on the world, our mirror in which conscience, mind, honesty, our neatness - all blatantly seen. Children can close themselves with us, we never do with them. "

(Astafyev is especially concerned about the younger generation. He cannot but see what is happening with our youth. Therefore, most of his works are about reflections on life, the problems that have gripped society. The writer claims that parents, the older generation are responsible for everything.)

II. Literary quiz based on the works of Astafiev.

Task: find out the work of Viktor Astafiev and say a few words about the book, based on the knowledge gained.

(students are preliminarily given excerpts from works on separate cards; before answering a question, high school students expressively read the text for everyone)

“The boy wandered, almost falling from fatigue. Suddenly, the forest parted, revealing the sloping bank of the Yenisei in front of him. The boy froze. It even took his breath away - his native river was so beautiful, so wide! very affable. He rushed forward, fell on the edge of the shore and began to grab water in greedy sips, splashing his hands on it, dipping his face in it ... "

("Vasyutkino Lake", the first story that appeared on the basis of a student's essay, which was called "Alive!").

“The Levontievsky horde fell upon me, and the berries disappeared in an instant. I got only a few tiny berries. It’s a pity for the berries. It’s sad.

I'll steal kalach from my grandmother! "

("Horse with pink mane". This is the name of both the story and the gingerbread bought by the grandmother for her grandson.)

"The school photo is still alive. It turned yellow, broke off at the corners. But I recognize all the guys on it. Many of them died in the war. The whole world knows the famous name - Siberian."

("A photograph where I'm not there." Why? - On the day when they were photographed at school, Viktor Astafyev was ill. They didn't forget about him, they brought the photo home).

Task: name other works of Astafiev known to you. (Children receive such a task on the eve of the lesson). ("Tsar-fish", "Deadline", "Zatesi", "Cursed and killed", "So you want to live", "Lyudochka").

The final word of the teacher.

According to contemporary critics, "Astafiev - musician human destiny". The writer himself said this: "There is no worse fate - to remain a man alone with himself, to get lost in the darkness of his soul, to become petrified in himself." Indeed, in his books he reflects on life, our reality; thinks about a person, referring to him carefully, with great love; watching over surrounding nature of which man is a part. Creativity Astafiev rightly presents readers life lessons and instills hope that "tomorrow will come a clear morning." After all, each of us "so wants to live", to live with dignity and happiness.

III. Ideological and artistic analysis of Astafiev's story "Lyudochka".

Reading with elements of conversation.

1. The lesson begins with the teacher reading the beginning of the work.

2. What story did the writer tell in his work?

(The work is based on the tragic fate of a girl who started an independent life in the city, but never found her place in it.)

An excerpt is read, p. 13, from the words "" In the park, she found a long-seen poplar ..." to the words "... Boundless and bottomless."

3. What did Astafiev make you think about?

(The story makes you horrified, look around and think. What are we? What is life? What is its price? Who is to blame? What to do?)

4. What is the girl's tragedy?

(The tragedy of the girl is that she turned out to be defenseless against the forces of evil, violence. She was poisoned by the atmosphere of cynicism and lack of spirituality that surrounded her from childhood.)

Features of the composition of the story.

(a composition plan is drawn up together with the students, the episodes of Lyudochka's life that determined her fate are highlighted).

Before choosing.(Why is this semantic part of the story called so?)

At home. The value of the school in shaping the views of the girl.

Arrival in the city. Acquaintance with Gavrilovna.

City park and its "sights".

Lyudochka and her new "friends" (Artyomka-soap, Strekach).

Relatives.(Prove the correctness of the formulated thesis.)

1. In his native Vychugan. True Vychuganikha.

2. Meeting with mother, memories of stepfather.

3. Dialogue with Gavrilovna.

4. Memories of a dying lumberjack.

In life's labyrinth.(Explain the lexical meaning of the name.

Does it match the content of the story?

1. A decisive and tragic step.

2. The funeral of Lyudochka.

3. Second death.

4. Epilogue.

Conversation with the class. Student messages.

1. Lyudochka fights for the right to live with dignity early childhood. Prove it.

Family Father died of drunkenness and diseases acquired as a result of a wild lifestyle; without it they lived freer, better, more cheerful;

the stepfather is completely indifferent to the fate of the girl;
mother advises to go to the city, out of sight: Lyudochka has become a burden for her.

The school is weak, incapable, but it has not stooped to solid twos; disciplined, diligent, no friends, no girlfriends.

The work is hardworking, bold, offered herself as a student to a hairdresser, patient, persistent.

Gavrilovna's house is warm, comfortable, sympathetic, understanding, but disappointed in the strength of human relations.

2. Who took away her right to live with dignity?

Artyomka-soap, who turned it into his property, which he realized late

Lyudochka, therefore, recklessly trusted the scoundrel.

Strekach, who turned into an unrestrained godfather-tyrant who raped girls.

A city park that has turned into a den for juvenile delinquents, rapists, debauchees and murderers.

The right to live was taken away by that corrupting, oppressive environment in which Lyudmila's peers live, those spiritual and social processes in society that are "worse than the truth."

3. Who is to blame for the girl's tragedy?

A mother who failed to help her daughter in a difficult moment of her life, who forgot about her. Classmates who did not show any attention to the girl, except for neglect; of course, Lyudmila herself, who did not find the strength to resist the cruel, insane world of evil and violence, did not learn to share joy and misfortune with loved ones, which means she was left alone with her, as it seemed to her, insoluble problems.

4. What to do in this situation?

Students share their thoughts, try to convince themselves and others that life is a great value, given to a person and no one has the right to kill her. One must "live, and when life becomes unbearable, one must make it useful." Examples are given from life, from literature, from films, programs.

Astafiev claims that in this furious world, the strongest survive. It is necessary to become such from early childhood, resisting circumstances, confidently go towards the intended goal, not be afraid of difficulties and trials, otherwise life will crush you, deprive you of the most important thing ... Therefore, the author calls his heroine Lyudochka.

She evokes sympathy and regret in her soul: the heroine with such a beautiful and warm name did not turn into Lyudmila, a serious and independent girl. "Lyudmila" - "dear to people" - turned out to be a victim of an unspiritual life and her own helplessness. The death of the heroine is a terrible reflection on life and death.

Note: when students reasoned, they included an analysis of episodes illustrating the answer to the question; expressive reading of individual passages from the work with subsequent comments was welcomed.

As homework offered

read Astafiev’s work of your choice, write a review or an essay;
prepare an essay by independently formulating the problem and choosing another work of the writer.

Applications for lessons

V. P. Astafiev. The story "Lyudochka".
V. P. Astafiev. Zatesi. Introductory article to the book.
A film by Nikita Mikhalkov. Meeting with V.P. Astafiev.
Slides dedicated to the personality of the writer.
Exhibition of works by V.P. Astafiev.
Compositions of students on the book "Zatesi".
Abstract "V. P. Astafiev - a musician of human destiny".

Composition

“We have no need to freeze our hearts; And so it’s a blizzard on the street. ” (S. Kunyaev)

Each writer in his works tries to reflect the life of that
time in which he lives. Great writers never embellish
life, described by them in their works. So in Victor's story
Astafiev "Lyudochka" is described harsh reality life.
The story "Lyudochka" V. Astafiev wrote in 1989. But this work
very relevant now, in our time, ten years later. small
The work contains many problems that concern the writer:
pollution, fall public morality And
degradation of the individual, as well as the death of the Russian village. In this story
Astafiev described the life of a girl who came to Big city from the village.
This girl's name is Lyudochka. That is the name of Astafiev's story. From the very
the title of the story (“Lyudochka”), it is clear that it says about a good fragile
girl. Lyudochka spent all her childhood in the village, with her parents:
father and mother, and after the death of his father - with his stepfather. Her stepfather "doesn't
treated Lyudochka: neither good nor bad. Lyudochka in the village grew up "like
sluggish frozen grass. Lyudochka is trying to escape from this feeling.
She leaves her parental home, where strangers remain. And also
lonely. The girl is a stranger in her home. Alien among people.
The biography of the main character is given by the writer at the very beginning of the story.
"Lyudochka was born in a small dying village" "weak, sickly and
whiny."
Episodes one after another reveal the moral essence of human relations,
gradually preparing us for a tragic denouement.
Drawing the image of Lyudochka, the author depicted a portrait of an ordinary Russian girl.
From childhood, Lyudochka was not distinguished by either special beauty or intelligence, but she retained her
his soul kindness and decency, mercy and respect for people. Young woman
was of weak character, and therefore Gavrilovna (the woman who sheltered her in
city) dumped all the housework on her. But Lyudochka is not on her
offended, but did everything with pleasure. Pity and compassion
she also felt for the unfortunate guy - a lumberjack who was dying in
hospital solely because of the negligence of doctors. Lyudochka felt
deep guilt before the guy, because she lives, and he, so young,
must die. Astafiev is outraged that people are not able to feel
someone else's pain, that they are terribly selfish and hypocritical. But it's not always them
guilt. Perhaps Lyudochka felt compassion for this more sharply than others.
a guy only because she suffered it on herself and came across
misunderstanding of close people. However, Lyudochka then did not realize that, do
she takes a step towards the dying, perhaps then a miracle would happen: together they
would have become stronger than death, would have risen to life, in him, almost dead,
such a powerful impulse would have been revealed that it would have swept away everything on the way to resurrection.
The heroine is far from it. And it is quite natural that, having got into trouble,
now she did not meet the understanding of others. The girl was so endless
alone in her sadness, she so wanted to cry to someone, to tell about
his misfortune. This monstrous misunderstanding brought the girl to the tragic
exodus.
Cynicism, lack of spirituality - the first plot layer of the story. It's tight with him
the second layer is docked - an ecological catastrophe.
We see the village "choking in the wild", a broken pipe
central heating, described so naturally that you seem to feel it
"aromas".
Both of these symbols help to see more clearly, without embellishment, many troubles and real ones.
danger. This is a certain author's position, this desire to excite
reader, make him look around.
V. Astafiev, who selflessly loves a person, with the whole course of his narration
proves how necessary is the most acute struggle against lack of spirituality,
undermining the moral foundations of society. But lack of attention
specific destinies.
In addition to Lyudochka, there are other heroes in the story of Viktor Astafyev: mother
Lyudochki, her stepfather, Strekach, Artyomka-soap and others. When Lyudochka is no longer
could endure life in the city among the VPVRZashnikov, she came for a while to
his native village, to his mother. Ludochka's mother, telling her only about
her life, did not even take an interest in the life of her daughter. Therefore Lyudochka
she didn’t tell her what she had to endure in the city, because she considered
that her mother doesn't care about her. Everyone left Ludochka "... now and
she herself had to drink to the end the cup of loneliness, rejection,
crafty human sympathy ... "No one knows much about Lyudochka's stepfather,
even the author himself. He does not know his last name or his first name. He "doesn't
treated Lyudochka: neither good nor bad. But it was he who took revenge on Strekach
for Ludochka. And Strekach is the same inhabitant of the VVRZ park, like everyone else
the rest, only its difference from the rest is that many inhabitants
city park considered him their leader. For Strekacha, as well as for
other VPVRZashnikov did not have any framework, it completely
there was nothing human. After his death, "the oppressed,
robbed, scratched ... the inhabitants of the railway village will sigh
now released, and will now live more or less well until the advent of
a new Strekacha, begotten and nurtured by them." When the strekach
raped Lyudochka, no one even responded to the cries (Ludochka) for help. She
found herself in utter solitude. The hostess immediately recoiled from her.
apartments (own shirt closer). Not until Lyudochka's misfortune turned out to be in
parental home. Everywhere the main character was faced with indifference. Even
Artyomka-soap, who was nearby at that time, did not do anything to
saving the honor of Lyudochka. In the image of Strekach, the author collected everything nasty that
can only be in a person. No, don't turn your tongue to name it
man is some kind of morally feral creature. In a fight between
Strekach and stepfather Lyudochka, the writer is on the side of the latter, although he
commits the worst sin - murder. But with people like Strekach you can
fight in this way.
She could not stand the betrayal of people close to her. But apostasy
showed up earlier. At some point, Lyudochka realized that she herself
involved in this tragedy. She herself showed indifference, until trouble
touched her personally. It is no coincidence that Lyudochka recalled her stepfather, a difficult fate
whom she had never before been interested in. Not in vain I remembered the dying in
hospital guy, all the pain and drama of which the living did not want to understand.
Lyudochka herself took upon herself the sins of so many: Strekocha, mothers, schools,
Gavrilovna, the Soviet police, the youth of the town. This is the redemption of the innocent
and not understanding someone's sins.
The tragedy of a girl is a short life, hopeless, monotonous, gray,
indifferent, without affection and love.
The climactic episode the story is suicide (by hanging)
Little people. She hung herself not from bad life in the city park VVRZ, and because of
In addition, everyone turned away from her, even her own mother. Everyone left her
loneliness. Nobody needed her. In such conditions of life, in such
alone, a person can only or become the same creature as these
"animals" from the VPVRZ park, or, unable to withstand this life, leave it by
suicide. After all, Artyomka-soap, and Strekach, and other garbage like them
societies are people who have been rejected by everyone, who have been left alone. all of them
made such a society in which they lived. They only had to become
"animals" to continue their existence. Sweetie before death
says: “No one asked me about anything - no one cares about me. A
soul? But who needs her, that unpretentious, unpretentious, ordinary
flesh huddled soul.
The death of a heroine is her rise. Only after her death did she suddenly become
needed by her mother, Gavrilovna, she was noticed.
The story is extremely touching, because the reader feels himself
the author is surprisingly caring and kind-hearted to this girl. in the mouth
Gavrilovna Astafiev put a large number of aphorisms, steady turns
(“my little gold”, “grey-winged dove”, “swallow”, “killer whale”). This
is used by the author to characterize the hostess, emotionally evaluate her
individual qualities.
The heroes of Astafiev inherit the style and spirit of their time and their speech is not just
dialect, but "the spokesman of all mental and moral forces."
The author conveys his worldview to us with amazing artistic
expressiveness, capacious, plastic language. Steady turns give speech
heroes liveliness, accuracy, characteristic of folk speech (“it got into
head", "bending back", "worked like a horse").
Astafiev's language is rich, colorful, unique in its melodic sound.
In addition to simple personifications (such as "the village suffocated in wild growth",
"Genu the crocodile who emitted the rubber spirit"), many
complex, full of epithets and metaphors, creating a separate picture (“drunkenly
staggered, crouched, danced a worn-out heart", "silver
overseas buttons were shot off from the tailcoat”). Therefore the product
it turned out so rich, bright, unforgettable.
The writer does not focus only on the shadowy sides of life. In his
the story has a bright beginning, which, brightening up many adversities,
comes from the hearts of workers.
The artistic technique of contrast, successfully applied here by the writer,
emphasizes the spiritual closeness of man with nature, which is impossible
feel in a city mired in the darkness of ignorance, poverty and complete
backwardness.
The story "Lyudochka" is very relevant today. In our hard time
demoralized society continues to degrade. And even now
there are people like Lyudochka, whom everyone renounces, even relatives
and friends (as a result of which they cannot live in complete solitude and they
All you have to do is lay hands on yourself.) Increasingly, there are such
societies like Artyomka-soap and Strekach, whom society has made so.
By writing this story, Viktor Astafiev described the life of not only Moscow
park VPVRZ, but also the life of the whole of Russia. After all, society is degrading not only in
Moscow, and throughout Russia. With his story, the author wanted to show that he can
happen to a person when he is left alone (of people). This may
happen not only to the heroine of this story, but also to any other
man.
"Lyudochka" Astafiev is attractive because in such small work
the author was able to pose a number of important problems to the reader and in a vivid
art form depicted pictures of our real life. But I think
The main task of the writer is to show what abyss we are heading into. And if
do not stop in time, we are threatened with complete degeneration. The author encourages everyone
think about your soul and the world around you, try to change yourself,
learn to love and empathize with others. See the beauty of the world and try
save her. After all, beauty will save the world.