The artistic originality of the story "And the dawns here are quiet ...". "War is not a woman's business"

The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" summary which is given later in the article, tells about the events taking place during the Great Patriotic War.

The work is dedicated to the heroic deed of the anti-aircraft gunners, who suddenly found themselves surrounded by the Germans.

About the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The story was first published in 1969, it was approved by the editor of the magazine "Youth".

The reason for writing the work was a real episode of wartime.

A small group of 7 soldiers recovering from their wounds prevented the Germans from undermining the Kirov railway.

As a result of the operation, only one commander survived, who subsequently received the medal "For Military Merit" at the end of the war.

The episode is tragic, however, in the realities of wartime, this event is lost among the horrors terrible war. Then the author remembered the 300,000 women who carried the hardships of the front along with the male fighters.

And the plot of the story was built on tragic destinies female anti-aircraft gunners who die during a reconnaissance operation.

Who is the author of the book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The work is written by Boris Vasiliev in the narrative genre.

When the Great Patriotic War began, he barely finished the 9th grade.

Boris Lvovich fought near Smolensk, received a shell shock, and therefore knew firsthand about front-line life.

He became interested in literary work in the 50s, writing plays and scripts. The writer took up prose stories only 10 years later.

The main characters of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Vaskov Fedot Evgrafych

The foreman, in whose command the anti-aircraft gunners entered, held the commandant's position at the 171st railway siding.

He is 32 years old, but the girls gave him the nickname "old man" for his intractable character.

Before the war, he was an ordinary peasant from the village, had 4 classes of education, at the age of 14 he was forced to become the only breadwinner in the family.

Vaskov's son, whom he sued from ex-wife after the divorce, died before the start of the war.

Gurvich Sonya

Simple shy girl big family, was born and raised in Minsk. Her father worked as a local doctor.

Before the war, she managed to study for a year at Moscow State University as an interpreter, she spoke fluent German. Sonya's first love was a bespectacled student who studied in the library at the next table, with whom they timidly communicated.

When the war began, due to an excess of translators at the front, Sonya ended up in a school for anti-aircraft gunners, and then in the detachment of Fedot Vaskov.

The girl was very fond of poetry, cherished dream she wanted to see her many household members again. During a reconnaissance operation, Sonya was killed by a German with two stab wounds in the chest.

Brichkina Elizabeth

Country girl, forester's daughter. From the age of 14, she was forced to leave her studies and take care of her terminally ill mother.

She dreamed of entering a technical school, so after the death of her mother, following the advice of one of her father's friends, she was going to move to the capital. But her plans were not destined to come true, they were corrected by the war - Liza went to the front.

The gloomy Sergeant Vaskov immediately aroused great sympathy in the girl. During a reconnaissance raid, Liza was sent through the swamp for help, but she was in too much of a hurry and drowned. After some time, Vaskov will find her skirt in the swamp, then he will realize that he was left without help.

Komelkova Evgenia

Cheerful and beautiful red-haired girl. The Germans shot all the members of her family, the merciless massacre took place right in front of Zhenya's eyes.

Her neighbor saved the girl from death. Burning with a desire to avenge the death of her relatives, Zhenya went into anti-aircraft gunners.

The attractive appearance of the girl and the perky character made her the object of courtship of Colonel Luzhin, so the authorities, in order to interrupt the romance, redirected Zhenya to the women's detachment, so she came under the command of Vaskov.

In intelligence, Zhenya twice showed fearlessness and heroism. She saved her commander when he was fighting a German. And then, putting herself under the bullets, she led the Germans away from the place where the foreman and her wounded friend Rita hid.

Chetvertak Galina

A very young and receptive girl, she was distinguished by short stature and a habit of writing stories and fables.

grew up in orphanage and didn't even have a last name. Because of her small stature, the elderly caretaker, who was friendly to Galya, came up with her surname Chetvertak.

Before the call, the girl almost managed to finish 3 courses of the library technical school. During the reconnaissance operation, Galya could not cope with her fear and jumped out of cover, falling under German bullets.

Osyanina Margarita

The senior person in the platoon, Rita was distinguished by seriousness, was very reserved and rarely smiled. As a girl, she bore the surname Mushtakova.

At the very beginning of the war, her husband, Lieutenant Osyanin, died. Wanting to avenge the death of a loved one, Rita went to the front.

She gave her only son Albert to be raised by her mother. The death of Rita was the last of the five girls in intelligence. She shot herself, realizing that she was mortally wounded and was an unbearable burden for her commander Vaskov.

Before she died, she asked the foreman to take care of Albert. And he kept his promise.

Other characters of "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Kiryanova

She was a senior combat comrade of Rita, industrial platoon. Before serving on the border, she participated in the Finnish War. Kiryanova, along with Rita, Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak, were redirected to the 171st siding.

Knowing about Rita's secret attacks on her son and mother while serving with Vaskov, she did not betray her longtime colleague, standing up for her that morning when the girl met the Germans in the forest.

Brief retelling of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The events of the story are given in a strong reduction. Dialogue and descriptive moments are omitted.

Chapter 1

The action took place in the rear. At the inactive railway siding at number 171, only a few surviving houses remain. There were no more bombings, but as a precaution, the command left anti-aircraft installations here.

Compared to other parts of the front, there was a resort at the junction, the soldiers abused alcohol and flirted with local residents.

The weekly reports of the commandant of the patrol, foreman Vaskov Fedot Evgrafych, on anti-aircraft gunners led to a regular change in composition, but the picture was repeated again and again. Finally, after analyzing the current situation, the command sent a team of anti-aircraft gunners under the leadership of the foreman.

The new squad had no problems with drinking and revelry, however, for Fedot Evgrafych it was unusual for the command of a female cocky and trained staff, since he himself had only 4 grades of education.

Chapter 2

The death of her husband made Margarita Osyanina a stern and self-contained person. From the moment of the loss of her beloved, a desire for revenge burned in her heart, so she remained to serve on the border near the places where Osyanin died.

To replace the dead carrier, they sent Yevgeny Komelkov, a mischievous red-haired beauty. She also suffered from the Nazis - she had to see with her own eyes the execution of all family members by the Germans. Two dissimilar girls became friends and Rita's heart began to thaw from the grief experienced, thanks to Zhenya's cheerful and open disposition.

Two girls accepted the shy Galya Chetvertak into their circle. When Rita finds out that it is possible to transfer to the 171st junction, she immediately agrees, since her son and mother live very close by.

All three anti-aircraft gunners come under the command of Vaskov and Rita, with the help of her girlfriends, makes regular night trips to her relatives.

Chapter 3

Returning in the morning after one of her secret sorties, Rita ran into two German soldiers in the forest. They were armed and carried something heavy in sacks.

Rita immediately reported this to Vaskov, who guessed that they were saboteurs whose goal was to undermine a strategically important railway junction.

The foreman betrayed important information to the command by phone and received an order to comb the forest. He decided to go to Lake Vop in a short way in front of the Germans.

For reconnaissance, Fedot Evgrafych took with him five girls, led by Rita. These were Elizaveta Brichkina, Evgenia Komelkova, Galina Chetvertak and Sonya Gurvich as a translator.

Before sending the fighters, they had to be taught how to properly put on shoes so as not to erase their feet, and also to force them to clean their rifles. The quacking of a drake was a conditional signal of danger.

Chapter 4

The shortest path to the forest lake went through a swampy swamp. For almost half a day, the team had to walk waist-deep in cold marsh slush. Galya Chetvertak lost her boot and footcloth, and part of the way through the swamp she had to walk barefoot.

Having reached the shore, the whole team was able to rest, wash dirty clothes and have a snack. To continue the campaign, Vaskov made birch bark for Gali. We reached the desired point only in the evening, here it was necessary to set up an ambush.

Chapter 5

When planning a meeting with two fascist soldiers, Vaskov did not worry much and hoped that he would be able to capture them from the advanced position, which he placed among the stones. However, in case of an unforeseen event, the foreman provided for the possibility of retreat.

The night passed quietly, only the fighter Chetvertak became very ill, walking barefoot through the swamp. In the morning, the Germans reached out to the Sinyukhina ridge between the lakes, the enemy detachment consisted of sixteen people.

Chapter 6

Realizing that he had miscalculated, and that a large German detachment could not be stopped, Vaskov sent Elizaveta Brichkina for help. He chose Lisa because she grew up in nature and was very well oriented in the forest.

To delay the Nazis, the team decided to portray the noisy activities of the lumberjacks. They lit fires, Vaskov chopped down trees, the girls called back and forth cheerfully. When the German detachment was 10 meters from them, Zhenya ran straight to the river in order to divert the attention of enemy scouts while swimming.

Their plan worked, the Germans went around, and the team managed to win a whole day of time.

Chapter 7

Lisa was in a hurry to get help. Failing to follow the instructions of the foreman about the pass on the island in the middle of the swamp, she, tired and frozen, continued on her way.

Almost reaching the end of the swamp, Lisa thought and was greatly frightened by a large bubble that swelled right in front of her in the dead silence of the swamp.

Instinctively, the girl rushed to the side and lost her footing. The pole Lisa tried to lean on broke. The last thing she saw before her death was the rays of the rising sun.

Chapter 8

The foreman did not know exactly about the trajectory of the Germans, so he decided to go on reconnaissance with Rita. They found a halt, 12 Nazis were resting near the fire and drying clothes. The whereabouts of the other four could not be ascertained.

Vaskov decides to change his place of deployment, and therefore sends Rita for the girls and at the same time asks to bring his personalized pouch. But in the confusion, the pouch was forgotten in the old place, and Sonya Gurvich, without waiting for the permission of the commander, ran after the expensive thing.

Through a short time The foreman heard a barely audible cry. As an experienced fighter, he guessed what this cry meant. Together with Zhenya, they went in the direction of the sound and found Sonya's body, killed with two stab wounds in the chest.

Chapter 9

Leaving Sonya, the foreman and Zhenya set off in pursuit of the Nazis so that they would not have time to report the incident to their own. Rage helps the foreman to clearly think over a plan of action.

Vaskov quickly killed one of the Germans, Zhenya helped him cope with the second, stunning the Fritz in the head with a butt. This was the first hand-to-hand fight for the girl, which she suffered very hard.

In the pocket of one of the Fritz, Vaskov found his pouch. The entire team of anti-aircraft gunners, led by the foreman, gathered near Sonya. The body of a colleague was buried with dignity.

Chapter 10

Making their way through the forest, Vaskov's team unexpectedly ran into the Germans. In a fraction of a second, the foreman threw a grenade forward, machine-gun bursts crackled. Not knowing the forces of the enemy, the Nazis decided to retreat.

During a short fight, Galya Chetvertak could not overcome her fear and did not participate in the shooting. For such behavior, the girls wanted to condemn her at the Komsomol meeting, however, the commander stood up for the confused anti-aircraft gunner.

Despite being very tired, perplexed about the reasons for the delay in help, the foreman goes on reconnaissance, taking Galina with him for educational purposes.

Chapter 11

Galya was very much frightened by what was happening real events. A dreamer and writer, she often plunged into a fictional world, and therefore the picture real war knocked her out of the loop.

Vaskov and Chetvertak soon discovered two bodies of German soldiers. By all indications, the soldiers wounded in the skirmish were finished off by their own comrades. Not far from this place, the remaining 12 Fritz continued reconnaissance, two of which came quite close to Fedot and Galya.

The foreman safely hid Galina behind the bushes and hid himself in the stones, but the girl could not cope with her feelings and, screaming, jumped out of the shelter right under the German machine-gun fire. Vaskov began to lead the Germans away from his remaining fighters and ran to the swamp, where he took refuge.

During the chase, he was wounded in the arm. When it dawned, the foreman saw Liza's skirt in the distance, then he realized that now he could not count on help.

Chapter 12

Being under the yoke of heavy thoughts, the foreman went in search of the Germans. Trying to understand the train of thought of the enemy and examining the traces, he came across the Legont Skete. From hiding, he watched as a group of fascists of 12 people hid explosives in an old hut.

For protection, the saboteurs left two soldiers, one of whom was wounded. Vaskov managed to neutralize a healthy guard and take possession of his weapon.

The foreman, Rita and Zhenya met on the bank of the river, in the place where they portrayed lumberjacks. After going through terrible trials, they began to treat each other like brothers. After a halt, they began to prepare for the last battle.

Chapter 13

Vaskov's team held the defense of the coast as if they had the entire Motherland behind them. But the forces were unequal, and the Germans still managed to cross to their shore. Rita was seriously wounded by a grenade explosion.

In order to save the foreman and the wounded girlfriend, Zhenya, shooting back, ran further and further into the forest, leading the saboteurs with her. The girl was wounded in the side by a blind shot from the enemy, but she did not even think to hide and wait.

Already lying in the grass, Zhenya fired until the Germans shot her point-blank.

Chapter 14

Fedot Evgrafych, having bandaged Rita and covered her with spruce paws, wanted to go in search of Zhenya and things. For peace of mind, he decided to leave her a revolver with two rounds.

Rita understood that she was mortally wounded, she was only afraid that her son would remain an orphan. Therefore, she asked the foreman to take care of Albert, saying that it was from him and from her mother that she was returning that morning when she encountered German soldiers.

Vaskov made such a promise, but before he could move a few steps away from Rita, the girl shot herself in the temple.

The foreman buried Rita, and then found and buried Zhenya. The wounded hand ached a lot, the whole body burned with pain and tension, but Vaskov decided to go to the skete to kill at least one more German. He managed to neutralize the sentry, five Fritz were sleeping in the skete, one of which he shot immediately.

Having forced them to bind each other, barely alive, he led them into captivity. Only when Vaskov saw the Russian soldiers did he allow himself to lose consciousness.

Epilogue

Some time after the war, in a letter to his comrade, one tourist describes amazing quiet places in the region of two lakes. In the text, he also mentions one old man without an arm, who came here with his son Albert Fedotovich, a rocket captain.

Subsequently, this tourist, together with his new comrades, installed a marble slab with names on the grave of anti-aircraft gunner girls.

Conclusion

A piercing story about female heroism during the Great Patriotic War leaves an indelible mark on the hearts. The author repeatedly emphasizes in his narrative about the unnatural nature of the participation of women in hostilities, and the fault lies with the one who unleashed the war.

In 1972, director Stanislav Rostotsky made a film based on the story. He dedicated it to the nurse who carried him off the battlefield, saving him from certain death.

The plot and system of images of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..."

story vasiliev artistic genre

"War has no female face” is a thesis for many centuries. Very capable of surviving the horror of war strong people Therefore, it is customary to consider war as a man's affair. But the tragedy, the cruelty of the war lies in the fact that along with the men, women also stand up and go to kill and die.

Five completely different girlish characters, five different destinies. Anti-aircraft gunner girls are sent to reconnaissance under the command of foreman Vaskov, who is used to living by the charter. Despite the horrors of war, he retained the best human qualities. He realizes his guilt before them for not being able to save the girls. The death of five girls leaves a deep wound in the heart of the foreman, he cannot find an excuse for her even in his soul. In this sorrow common man concluded the highest humanism.

The behavior of girls is also a feat, because they are completely unadapted to military conditions.

According to the author, the story is based on a real episode during the war, when seven soldiers, after being wounded, serving at one of the junction stations of the Adler-Sakhalin railway, did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up the railway in this section. After the battle, only a sergeant survived, the commander of a group of Soviet fighters, who after the war was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". “And I thought: this is it! A situation when a person himself, without any order, decides: I won’t let him in! They have nothing to do here! I started working with this plot, I have already written seven pages. And suddenly I realized that nothing would come of it. It will just be special case at war. There was nothing fundamentally new in this story. Work is up. And then it suddenly came up - let my hero have not men, but young girls as subordinates. And that's it - the story immediately lined up. Women have the hardest time in war. There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them.”

The story is told on behalf of Vaskov. The whole story is based on his memoirs. And this plays an important role in the ideological and artistic perception of the story. It is written by a man who went through the whole war, so it is all believable. The author dedicates it moral problem formation and transformation of the character and psyche of the individual in the conditions of war. The painful theme of the war is shown on the example of the heroes of the story. Each of them has his own attitude to the war, his own motives for fighting the Nazis. And it is these young girls who will have to prove themselves in the conditions of war. Each character Vasiliev has its own flavor and range of feelings. The events that take place make you empathize with each hero. As they said in the war, one life and one death. And all the girls can equally be called the true heroines of the war.

For a more complete disclosure of images, Vasiliev uses such artistic technique like a retrospective. A retrospective review is a reference to the past. Reception of a flashback in fiction(inclusion in the narrative of past events).

It is from the memoirs of the heroes of the story that we learn more about their life before the war, their social correlation and characters. The characters in this story are very different. Each of them is unique, has an inimitable character and a unique destiny, broken by the war. These girls are united by the fact that they live for the same purpose. This goal is to protect the Motherland, protect their families, protect loved ones. And for this you need to destroy the enemy. For some, to destroy the enemy means to fulfill their duty, to avenge the death of their loved ones and relatives.

Let's consider each character separately. Let's start with the commandant Fedot Efgrafovich Vaskov. In this character, we see a lonely man, for whom in life there is nothing left except for charters, orders from his superiors and the department entrusted to him. The war has taken everything. He lived strictly according to the charter and imposed this charter on everyone who surrounded him. In the life of the commandant, everything changed with the advent of the sent anti-aircraft gunners. In addition to good looks, the newcomers were also sharp-tongued. Despite his noticeable rudeness, Vaskov takes care of all five anti-aircraft gunners. The image of Vaskov throughout the story is reborn. But not only the foreman himself is the reason. The girls also contributed a lot, each in their own way. Fedot Efgrafovich is having a hard time with the death of the girls. He became spiritually attached to each of them, each of the deaths left a scar on his heart. Vaskov's arm was shot through, but his heart ached many times more. He felt guilty for the death of each of the girls. Without losing the pouch, he might have avoided the death of Sonya Gurvich; without sending Lisa Brichkina on an empty stomach and more convincingly forcing her to rest on an island in a swamp, her death could also have been avoided. But was it possible to know all this in advance? You won't get anyone back. And the last request of Rita Osyanina became a real order, which Vaskov simply did not dare to disobey. There is a moment in the story when Vaskov, together with Rita's son, lays flowers on a memorial plaque with the names of all five anti-aircraft gunners. The thirst for revenge ruled Vaskov's mind after the death of Rita Osyanina, who asked to take her little son to her. Vaskov would later replace his father.

The story of Elizaveta Brichkina, who accepted an absurd, but terrible and painful death, is complex. Liza is a silent, somewhat self-contained girl. In the story, Lisa is a dreamy and calm, but at the same time a serious girl. She lived with her parents on a cordon in the forest. Filled with a sense of hope for happiness and the expectation of a brighter future, she walked through life. She always remembered the parting words of her parents and the promises to her of a happy “tomorrow”. Once in the squad of anti-aircraft gunners, Lisa was calm and reserved. She liked Vaskov. Lisa, without hesitation, asked, along with everyone else, to the squad to search for German saboteurs. Vaskov agreed. For all the time of the journey, Lisa more and more attracted the attention of Vaskov. He told her: “You note everything, Lizaveta, you are a forest man with us ...” (178). Realizing the danger of the situation, when instead of two saboteurs sixteen appeared on the horizon, Vaskov immediately realized who he would send for help. Lisa was in a hurry. She wanted to get help as soon as possible. All the way she thought about the words of Fedot Evgrafovich and warmed herself with the thought that they would definitely fulfill the order and sing. Passing through the swamp, Lisa experienced incredible fear. And this is understandable, because then, when she was walking along with everyone, they would definitely help her if something happened, and now she is alone, in a dead, deaf swamp, where there is not a single living soul who could help her. But Vaskov's words and the proximity of the "cherished stump" (201), which was a guide for Lisa, and therefore solid ground under her feet, warmed up Lisa's soul and lifted her spirits. But the author decides to take a tragic turn of events. Attempts to get out and heart-rending cries for help are in vain. And at the moment when the last moment in Lisa's life has come, the sun appears as a promise of happiness and a symbol of hope. Everyone knows the saying: hope dies last. This is what happened to Lisa. “Liza saw this blue beautiful sky for a long time. Wheezing, she spit out dirt and reached out, reached for him, reached out and believed... And until the last moment she believed that it would be tomorrow for her too...” (202)

Unnecessary was the death of Sonya Gurvich, who, trying to do a good deed, dies from an enemy blade. A student preparing for the summer session is forced to fight the German invaders. She and her parents were Jewish. Sonya got into the group that Vaskov recruited because she knew German. Like Brichkin, Sonya was quiet. She also loved poetry and often read it aloud, either to herself or to her comrades.

Vaskov dropped his commemorative tobacco pouch. Sonya understood his feelings about the loss and decided to help him. Remembering where she saw this pouch, Sonya ran in search of him. Vaskov ordered her to return in a whisper, but Sonya no longer heard him. Grabbed her German soldier plunged a knife into her chest. Deciding to do a good deed to her boss, Sonya Gurvich passed away.

The death of Sonya was the first loss of the detachment. That is why everyone, especially Vaskov, took her very seriously. Vaskov blamed himself for her death. But nothing could be done. She was buried, and Vaskov removed the buttonholes from her tunic. He will subsequently remove the same buttonholes from all the tunics of the dead girls.

The next three characters can be viewed at the same time. These are the images of Rita Osyanina ( maiden name Mushtakov), Zhenya Komelkova and Gali Chetvertak. These three girls have always stuck together. Young Zhenya was incredibly good-looking. "Laughter" had a difficult life story. Before her eyes, the whole family was killed, a loved one died, so she had her own personal scores with the Germans. She, along with Sonya, fell into the hands of Vaskov a little later than the others, but nevertheless they immediately joined the team. With Rita, she also did not immediately become friends, but after a sincere conversation, both girls saw good friends in themselves. Zhenya, with the last bullets, began to lead the Germans away from her wounded friend, giving Vaskov time to help Rita. Zhenya accepted a heroic death. She was not afraid to die. Her last words meant that by killing one soldier, even a girl, they would not kill the whole Soviet Union. Zhenya literally cursed before her death, laying out everything that hurt her.

They also did not immediately accept the nondescript Galya into their “company”. Galya showed herself as good man who will not betray and give the last piece of bread to a comrade. Having managed to keep Rita's secret, Galya became one of them.

Young Galya lived in an orphanage. She got to the front by deceit, lying about her age. Galya was very timid. WITH early childhood devoid of maternal warmth and care. She made up stories about her mother, believing that she was not an orphan, that her mother would come back and take her away. Everyone laughed at these stories, and the unfortunate Galya tried to come up with other stories to amuse others.

Gali's death can be called stupid. Giving in to fright, she takes off and runs screaming. A German bullet instantly overtakes her, Galya dies.

Rita Osyanina managed to get married and give birth to a son in her nineteen years. Her husband died in the first days of the war, but she did not know about this and was waiting for him all the time. Rita herself went into anti-aircraft gunners, wanting to avenge her husband. Rita at night began to run away to the city to her son and sick mother, returning in the morning. Once on the same morning, Rita stumbled upon saboteurs.

The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment in the story. B. Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state of a young twenty-year-old girl, who is well aware that her wound is fatal and that, apart from torment, nothing awaits her. But at the same time, she cared about only one thought: she thought about her little son, realizing that her timid, sickly mother was unlikely to be able to raise her grandson. The strength of Fedot Vaskov is that he knows how to find the most accurate words at the right time, so you can trust him. And when he says: “Don’t worry, Rita, I understood everything” (243), it becomes clear that he really will never leave little Alik Osyanin, but most likely will adopt him and raise him honest man. The description of the death of Rita Osyanina in the story takes only a few lines. At first, a shot sounded quietly. “Rita shot in the temple, and there was almost no blood. Blue powders densely bordered the bullet hole, and for some reason Vaskov looked at them for an especially long time. Then he took Rita aside and began to dig a hole in the place where she had previously lain. (243)

The tragedy and absurdity of what is happening is emphasized by the fabulous beauty of Legontov Skete, located next to the lake. And here, in the midst of death and blood, "the silence of the grave stood, as much as ringing in the ears." War is an unnatural phenomenon. War becomes doubly terrible when women die, because it is then, according to B. Vasiliev, that “the strings break” (214). The future, fortunately, turns out to be not only “eternal”, but also grateful. It is no coincidence that in the epilogue, a student who came to rest on Legontovo Lake wrote in a letter to a friend: “Here, it turns out, they fought, old man. We fought when we were not yet in the world ... We found a grave - it is behind the river, in the forest ... And the dawns are quiet here, I just saw it today. And clean, clean, like tears...” (246) In B. Vasiliev's story, the world triumphs. The feat of the girls is not forgotten, the memory of them will be an eternal reminder that "war does not have a woman's face."

B.L. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” created figurative system characters. The image of the protagonist of foreman Vaskov is revealed when interacting with the heroines of the story. This comparison allows you to show inner world heroes.

About B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Materials for work on the story.

B. Vasiliev - famous Russian writer, the most famous were his works “I was not on the lists”, “The dawns here are quiet”, “Do not shoot at white swans”, “Tomorrow there was a war”, B. Vasilyev is also the author of historical novels.

B.Vasiliev was born in 1924 in the family of a professional military man. In 1941 he volunteered for the front. That is why his works on military subjects sound so piercingly sharp, touching our souls whenever we turn to them.

The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” brought fame and popularity to B. Vasiliev as a writer, in 1969 he was even awarded the State Prize for this story. The innovation of this work was in the subject matter: B. Vasiliev raised the theme of “a woman in war”.

B. Vasiliev's works about the Great Patriotic War have entertaining plots, the development of which the reader follows with great interest. For example, when reading the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” we all hope that the girls and foreman Vaskov will cope with the enemy, defeating him and staying alive. Following the plot of the story “He was not on the lists”, we are worried about the main character, who, losing friends and strength, left alone, continues to fight the enemy, and together with him we really want him to destroy as many fascists as possible and stay live.

However, not only the fascination of the plot is the merit of B. Vasiliev's works. The main thing for the writer has always been the desire to conduct a conversation on moral topics: about cowardice and betrayal, about self-sacrifice and heroism, about decency and nobility.

The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” attracts with its unusual plot: in a cruel, inhuman war, where it is difficult for a man to cope with emotions and endure physical hardships, girls who voluntarily go to the front become the same war soldiers. They are 18-19-20 years old. They have a different education: some of them studied at universities, some have only elementary education. They have a different social status: someone from an intelligentsia family, someone from a remote village. They have different life experience: someone has already been married and lost her husband in the war, and someone only lived in dreams of love. Their commander, watching them, foreman Vaskov, tactful and sensitive, pities his fighters, understands how hard army science is given to them. He is infinitely sorry for these girls, who performed an impossible combat mission with him and died in a collision with an enemy superior in strength and power. These girls died at the dawn of their years, in the prime of their beauty and youth.

The central characters of the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” are five anti-aircraft gunners and the foreman, 32-year-old Fedot Evgrafovich Vaskov. Fedot Vaskov is a village man with four grades of education. However, he graduated from the regimental school and for 10 years on military service, rose to the rank of foreman. Even before the Great Patriotic War, he participated in military campaigns. He was unlucky with his wife: he got frivolous, walking and drinking. The son of Fedot Evgrafovich was raised by his mother, but she did not save one day: the boy died. Fedot Evgrafovich is wounded by life and fate. But he did not harden, he did not become indifferent, he is sick of everything with his soul. At first glance, he is a dense goof, who knows nothing but the provisions of the Charter.

Five female anti-aircraft gunners are like five types of women.

Rita Osyanina. The wife of a career officer, married for great conscious love, a real officer's wife. She, unlike the ex-wife of foreman Vaskov, devoted her whole life to her husband and went to the front to continue his work as a defender of the Fatherland. Rita for sure beautiful girl, but for her the main thing in life is duty, whatever it may be. Rita is a man of duty.

Zhenya Komelkova. A girl of divine beauty. Such girls are created in order to admire them. Tall, long-legged, red-haired, white-skinned. Zhenya also experienced a personal tragedy - in front of her eyes, the Nazis shot her entire family. But Zhenya does not show his spiritual wound to anyone. Zhenya is a girl-decoration of life, but she became a fighter, an avenger.

Sonya Gurvich. A girl from a Jewish family that valued education. Sonya also dreamed of getting a university education. Sonya's life is theater, library, poetry. Sonya is a spiritual girl, but her war forced her to become a fighter.

Liza Brichkina. A girl from a remote village may be the most useful fighter of all five, because it is not in vain that Vaskov gives her the most difficult task. Living in the forest with her father, a huntsman, Lisa learned many wisdoms of life outside of civilization. Lisa is an earthly, folk girl.

Galya Chetvertak. Girlfriend of Zhenya and Rita. Nature has not endowed her with any hint of feminine beauty, she did not give her luck. Galya is a girl from whom fate, or God, or nature took away beauty, intelligence, spirituality, strength - in general, almost everything. Galya is a sparrow girl.

The action takes place in May 1942. It can be said that the first year of the Great Patriotic War is coming. The enemy is still strong and in some ways surpasses the Red Army, in which even young girls become fighters, replacing dead fathers and husbands. Somewhere far along the entire front, fierce battles are going on, but here, in the wilderness of the forest, there is not the front line of defense, but the enemy is still felt, and the war here also indicated its presence, for example, enemy air raids. The place where the anti-aircraft gunners serve is not so dangerous, but an emergency situation suddenly arises.

Characteristics of the characters.

Sergeant Major Vaskov is the commander of a small anti-aircraft point located in the rear, whose task is to destroy enemy aircraft that raid our land. The place in which he serves as a commander is not the front line, but Vaskov is well aware that his task is also important, and he treats the task assigned with honor. He worries about the fact that in this relatively calm place the soldiers are losing, so to speak, their combat form, drinking themselves from idleness. He gets reprimanded for bad educational work, but still writes reports to the authorities and asks to send non-drinking fighters. He did not even think that, fulfilling his request to send non-drinkers, they would send him a whole detachment of girls. It was hard for him with his new fighters, but he tried to find with them mutual language, although he, who is shy in terms of the female sex, who is accustomed not to sharpen laces, but to prove his worth by deed, is very difficult with sharp-tongued women. Vaskov does not enjoy their authority, rather, serves only as an object for ridicule. The girls did not see in him a very extraordinary personality, a real hero.

He is the epitome of a hero folk tales. He is one of those soldiers who cook porridge from an ax and “shave with an awl and warm themselves with smoke.” None of the girls, except maybe Lisa Brichkina, in relatively peaceful circumstances understood the essence of his heroic nature. And his heroism, of course, did not lie in the ability to shout loudly “Follow me!” and rush to the embrasure, closing his eyes. He is one of those "essential", rare, maybe now people who can be relied on in any situation. He is a real man, whom the enemy will not frighten, no matter how many he appears before him. Vaskov first thinks and then acts. He is a humanistic nature, because he cares for his fighters with his soul, he does not want them to die in vain. He does not need a victory at any cost, but he does not spare himself. He is a real living man, because he is not an ascetic. He shares a bed with the owner of the apartment simply out of vital necessity, simply because the circumstances have developed, and he is used to living in harmony with the world around him, and this is not disgusting to him.

Rita Osyanina is a man of duty. A true Komsomol member, because she loves her Motherland. And she marries a border guard, because the border guard stands guard over the Motherland. Probably, Rita married the idea to a greater extent, albeit for love. Rita is the ideal that the Party and the Komsomol brought up. But Rita is not a walking idea. This is really an ideal, because she also real woman: mother and wife. And good friend. Rita is also one of those people you can always rely on.

Zhenya Komelkova, rather, is the opposite of Rita in terms of the female essence. If Rita is more of a social being, then Zhenya is purely personal. People like Zhenya never do like everyone else, like the majority, and even more so, like it should be. People like Zhenya always break the law. They feel that they have such a right, because they are special, they are Beauty. Any man will forgive any beauty any guilt. But behind the external fragility and crystalness of the wife's beauty lies a very strong nature. As you know, the life of beauties is not easy. They meet with envy, they constantly have to prove that they are worth something in this life, life-struggle hardens them. Zhenya is a fighter for life. This allows Zhenya to fight to the last in the war. Zhenya died like a hero. Being a beauty, she did not demand privileges for herself.

Lisa Brichkina is not a beauty, unlike Zhenya. But what brings Lisa closer to Zhenya is that she also lives with her heart, her gut. She did not receive a school education due to her mother's illness (as Vaskov once did due to the death of her father), but she developed her soul by thinking about what surrounded her. Liza passionately dreamed of love and even crossed the laws of female behavior herself, but God did not let her make a mistake. And now, at the outpost, Liza met her ideal in the gloomy, taciturn foreman Vaskov. Lisa rushed headlong to fulfill Vaskov's order. Despite the fact that it was very dangerous, Liza did not think about it for a minute. Anything, she was ready to do for him and even, if necessary, sacrifice her life, if only he would say: "Well done, Brichkin's fighter."

Sonya Gurvich is a person of a completely different history and culture. Sonya is a person of Jewish culture. Her religion is a global culture. Sonya studied to be a translator from in English to be even closer to the world achievements of spirituality or to bring them closer to their homeland. Sonya is characterized by restraint and asceticism, but under her "armored" dresses, and under a soldier's tunic, a quivering and at the same time stoic heart beat.

Jackdaw Chetvertak - a weak person holding near strong girls, her girlfriends. She had not yet had time to learn the same stamina as theirs, but she probably really wanted to. If the world had not been broken by the war, Galka could have become an actress, because she had been trying on various roles all her life, maybe she would have become a writer, because her fantasy was limitless.

Ideological and thematic analysis.

Subject.

The theme of the story is "Woman in War". The choice of this theme is humanistic. It is very important to raise such a topic, to consider the nuances of the existence of a woman in a war.

Idea.

The idea of ​​the story is to show the unnaturalness of such a fact as a woman in a war. The natural task of a woman is to give birth and raise children. And in war, she must kill, going against her natural essence. In addition, the very phenomenon of war kills women who continue life on earth. And therefore, kills life on earth. It is also well known that it was after the war that smoking among women spread in our country, a phenomenon that disfigures women's nature.

Conflict.

There is an internal and external conflict in the story.

External conflict on the surface: this is the struggle of anti-aircraft gunners under the command of foreman Vaskov with a superior enemy. This is a conflict of tragic sounding, because inexperienced girls are faced with a deliberately invincible enemy: the enemy is superior in quantity and quality. The enemy of girls are trained, physically strong, trained men.

Internal conflict is a clash of moral forces. The evil, criminal will of a political figure, guided by delusional immoral ideas, opposes life on earth. The struggle of these forces. And the victory of good over evil, but at the cost of incredible efforts and losses.

Analysis artistic features.

Of the artistic features that you can pay attention to, it should be noted the use of words and expressions conversational style. This feature is most clearly represented in Vaskov's speech. His speech characterizes him as an uneducated, rural person. Here he says: “theirs”, “if anything”, “shuffle”, “girls”, “neat”, etc. He formulates his thoughts with phrases similar to proverbs: “This war is like a hare for men, and for you ... ”,“ Twitter to a military man is a bayonet in the liver ”... But this is completely from folk speech:“ There is something nice to look at. It is Vaskov, with his folk speech, who draws up the outline of the story. He organizes the dialogues. And they are always filled with jokes, his personal aphorisms, official and business expressions from the charter, adapted to the situation. He consoles in sorrows, gives wise instructions, directs the life and activities of the detachment in the right direction.

Here is an example of such a dialogue.

Oh, my girls, my girls! Have you eaten at least a piece, slept at least with half an eye?

I didn’t want to, comrade foreman ...

What kind of foreman am I now, sisters? I'm kind of like a brother now. That's what you call Fedot. Or - Fedya, as my mother called.

And Galka?

Our comrades died a heroic death. A quarter in a shootout, and Liza Brichkina drowned in a swamp. Not in vain they died: they won a day. Now it's our turn to win the day. And there will be no help, and the Germans are coming here. So let's remember our sisters, and there the battle will have to be accepted. Last. apparently.

Story analysis.

Source event.

The initial event is, of course, the beginning of the war. It was the outbreak of war that changed the lives of the heroes, forced them to live in a new way, in new conditions, in new circumstances. For some heroes, the war destroyed everything that was valuable in their lives. Heroes have to defend their right to live on their land with weapons in their hands. The heroes are filled with hatred for the enemy, but they understand that the enemy is cunning, cunning, strong, and just like that, with one desire, you can’t cope with him, it will be necessary to sacrifice something. However, they all hope that happiness will still come to them. For example, Rita Osyanina is already happy that, having transferred to the road, she has the opportunity to see her son two or three times a week. Yes, and other girls, although they have not forgotten about the pain that the enemy caused them, are still not in a depressed mood, and even in these conditions, performing a combat mission, they find an opportunity to enjoy life.

main event.

The plot of events is that Rita, returning to the unit, saw the saboteurs. This meant that the enemy had already made his way to the rear of the army and was beginning to create a threat from within. This enemy must be destroyed. Foreman Vaskov, having learned from Rita that there are only two saboteurs, takes on this task, having calculated that he and the assistant girls will be able to cope with such an enemy on their own. He creates a group of five girls, leads this group, and they go to complete the task. The fulfillment of this task becomes the central event, during which the characters of the characters are revealed, their essence is revealed.

central event.

The central event is the struggle of the girls and Vaskov with the fascist saboteurs. This encounter takes place in the forest near Howl Lake. At the very beginning of this event, the girls and Vaskov find out that they were mistaken: not two saboteurs, as they expected, but sixteen people. They do not leave their chosen position, hoping that they will be able to deceive the enemy. Of course, this was not a naive hope, they understood that the forces were unequal, but duty would not allow them to escape, saving their lives. Vaskov tried to foresee possible dangers, but the impulsiveness and emotionality of the girls cannot be controlled or planned.

Liza Brichkina is the first to die. She did not listen to Vaskov's warnings about caution and did not take the slip, without which it is impossible to go through the swamp. She was so eager to fulfill the order of the foreman as quickly as possible that she neglected her own safety. Then Sonya Gurvich dies, recklessly rushing for Vaskov's pouch, because, out of the kindness of her soul, she wanted to do something pleasant for the commander. The next was Galya quarter. She ran out of hiding in a panic and came under machine-gun fire.

These girls died precisely as a woman, that is, because they committed impulsive, thoughtless actions, and this is not allowed in a war. However, a woman is different for a woman. Rita Osyanina and Zhenya Komelkova showed an example of true courage and heroism, grappling in this fierce struggle with a four times superior enemy. The enemy retreated, but the girls died. They died like heroes. They did not succumb to the enemy, but lost to him, giving their lives in this struggle.

Final event.

After the battle, which was accepted by Vaskov, Zhenya and Rita, only six Germans survived. They retreated to their hiding place. Vaskov, having lost Zhenya and Rita in battle, vowed to avenge the girls. Wounded himself, barely on his feet from fatigue and pain, he kills the sentry and catches the sleeping Germans by surprise. Of the weapons, he had only a grenade without a fuse and a revolver with the last cartridge. But will, determination, courage, surprise and pressure, as well as the fact that the Germans did not believe that he attacked them alone, helped him not only shoot them, taking possession of the machine gun, but he captured them and brought them to the location of the Soviet troops .

Main event.

Post-war period. In those places where the events of the play unfolded, vacationers (born after the war) fish and enjoy the silence and beauty of these places. They see that an old man without an arm and a military man, whose name is Albert Fedotovich, are arriving there. These men came to erect a monument in those places. We understand that this old man is the same foreman Vaskov, and the military man is his adopted son Albert Osyanin. The beauty of these places is especially visible in the final scene, and it is clear to us that the girls died so that the dawns in these places and throughout Russia were always quiet.

Super task.

The author's super-task is to show that Good triumphs over Evil. Even after dying, Good still triumphs over Evil. The victory of Evil, if it happens, is only temporary. Such is the law of divine justice. But in order to win, Good almost always has to die. So it was in the story of Jesus Christ. And yet, despite death, Good perishes for the continuation of life. And she continues. And that means there is no death for him. So, for us, if we do good.

More than sixty years ago, a terrible tragedy suddenly struck the Russian people. War is devastation, poverty, cruelty, death. War means thousands of tormented, killed, tortured people in camps, these are millions of crippled destinies.

We are accustomed to the fact that in war there is no place for sentimentality and tenderness, and the word "hero" in our understanding is necessarily a fighter, a soldier, in a word, a man. Everyone knows the names: Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Panfilov and many others, but few people know the names of those girls who went straight from the graduation ball to the war, without whom, perhaps, there would be no Victory.

Few people know that nurses, our peers, pulled wounded soldiers from the battlefield to the whistle of bullets. If for a man the defense of the Fatherland is a duty, a sacred duty, then the girls went to the front voluntarily. They were not taken because of their young age, but they still went. They went and mastered professions that were previously considered only male: pilot, tanker, anti-aircraft gunner ... They went and killed enemies no worse than men. It was difficult for them, but they still went.

A lot of works have been written about the Great Patriotic War, in which all the difficulties that people faced in the war are shown without embellishment, but I was most shocked by B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ...".

Boris Vasiliev is one of those writers who himself went through the difficult roads of the war, who defended native land with weapons in hand. In addition, he wrote many stories about what he had to endure in the difficult front-line years. And this is the experience of an eyewitness, and not the conjectures of the creator.

The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” tells us about the distant war years. The action takes place in May 1942. Main character, Fedot Evgrafovich Baskov, at his "own request" receives a female anti-aircraft machine-gun battalion at his disposal: "Send the non-drinkers ... Non-drinkers and this ... So, you know, about the female ...". Girls of a low opinion about their foreman constantly tease him, calling him “mossy stump”. Indeed, at thirty-two years old, the foreman Basque was “older than himself”, he was laconic, but he knew and could do a lot.

All girls are not the same. Assistant foreman, Sergeant Rita Osyanina, a strict, rarely laughing girl. Of the pre-war events, she most clearly remembers the school evening when she met her future husband, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin. He was shy, like herself, they danced together, talked ... Rita got married, gave birth to a son, and "a happier girl simply could not be." But then the war began, and this happy fate was not destined to continue. Senior Lieutenant Osyanin died on the second day of the war, in the morning counterattack. Rita learned to hate, quietly and mercilessly, and, deciding to avenge her husband, went to the front.

The complete opposite of Osyanina is Zhenya Komel-kova. The author himself does not stop admiring her: “tall, red-haired, white-skinned. And the eyes of children: green, round, like saucers. Zhenya's family: mother, grandmother, brother - all were killed by the Germans, but she managed to hide. She got into the women's battery for having an affair with a married commander. Very artistic, emotional, she always attracted male attention. Her friends say about her: "Zhenya, you should go to the theater ...". Despite personal tragedies, Komelkova remained cheerful, mischievous, sociable and sacrificed her life for the sake of others, for the sake of saving her wounded friend.

Fighter Lisa Brichkina immediately liked Vaskov. Fate did not spare her either: since childhood, she had to manage the household herself, since her mother was very ill. She fed the cattle, cleaned the house, cooked food. She became more and more distant from her peers. Lisa began to be shy, to remain silent, to bypass noisy companies. Once her father brought a hunter from the city to the house, and she, seeing nothing but her sick mother and the house, fell in love with him, but he did not reciprocate her. Leaving, he left a note to Liza with a promise to place her in a technical school with a hostel in August ... But the war did not allow these dreams to come true! Lisa also dies, she drowns in a swamp, hurrying to help her friends.

How many girls, so many destinies: everyone is different. But in one thing they are still similar: all destinies were broken, disfigured by the war. Having received an order not to let the Germans through to railway, girls price own lives fulfilled it. All five girls who went on a mission died, but they died heroically, for their homeland.

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” is an artistic canvas of significant content, a work of deep civic and patriotic sound. In 1975, for this story, B. Vasiliev was awarded State Prize THE USSR.