The role of art in human culture. Why is art necessary? What is real art? The role and significance of art in human life
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-1.jpg" alt="> Art in Life modern man ">
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-2.jpg" alt="> What is art? This word has several meanings. Art is a skill , skill,"> Что такое искусство? У этого слова несколько значений. Искусством называют умение, мастерство, знание дела. Самое дело, требующие такого умения, тоже называют. Искусством можно назвать !} artistic activity and what is its result is a work. Art is a part of the spiritual culture of mankind, a specific kind of spiritual and practical development of the world.
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-3.jpg" alt="> Art includes: n Literature n Music n"> Искусство включает в себя: n Литература n Музыка n Архитектура n Театр n Киноискусство n Хореография n Цирк n Изобразительное искусство и др.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-4.jpg" alt="> Fine Arts n Sculpture n Photography n Design n Painting n Graphics"> Изобразительное искусство n скульптура n фотоискусство n дизайн n живопись n графика n декоративно-прикладное искусство!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-5.jpg" alt=">Classification: n spatial or plastic arts (fine art, decorative - applied arts, architecture,"> Классификация: n пространственные или пластические виды искусств (изобразительное искусство, декоративно- прикладное искусство, архитектура, фотография) n временные или динамические виды искусств (музыка, литература) n пространственно-временные (синтетические или зрелищные) виды (хореография, литература, !} theatrical art, cinematography)
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-6.jpg" alt="> Sculpture (lat. sculptura, from sculpo - cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - view"> Скульптура (лат. sculptura, от sculpo - вырезаю, высекаю) - ваяние, пластика - вид !} visual arts, whose works have a three-dimensional form and are made of solid or plastic materials. A distinction is made between a round sculpture (a statue, a group, a figurine, a bust), viewed from different sides, and a relief (the image is located on a plane).
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-7.jpg" alt=">Relief on the wall of the Buddhist temple Venus de Milo">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-10.jpg" alt=">Arts and crafts n Arts and crafts (from lat."> Декоративно-прикладное искусство n Декоративно-прикладное искусство (от лат. decoro - украшаю) - раздел !} decorative arts Creation art products having a utilitarian purpose. n Works of arts and crafts are designed for artistic effect; serve for decoration of everyday life and interior
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-11.jpg" alt=">Views">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-15.jpg" alt="> The origin of art Art originates in primitive society. With the help of it, people"> Происхождение искусства Искусство возникает в первобытном обществе. С помощью него люди стремились решать какие-то практические задачи своей жизни. Несомненно, важную роль в происхождении искусства сыграл труд.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-16.jpg" alt="> According to archaeological data, the origin of primitive art occurs 45-40 thousand years ago years ago,"> According to archaeological data, the origin of primitive art occurs 45-40 thousand years ago, when the species Homo Sapiens was formed.
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-17.jpg" alt="> Functions of art n Unmotivated functions of art 1) human instinct for harmony,"> Функции искусства n Немотивированные функции искусства 1) человеческий инстинкт гармонии, 2) способ ощутить свою связь с !} outside world, 3) a way to apply the imagination, 4) appeal to an unlimited circle of people, 5) ritual and symbolic functions.
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-18.jpg" alt=">n Motivated functions of art 1)Means of communication, 2)Art as entertainment, 3) Art for the sake of"> n Мотивированные функции искусства 1)Средство коммуникации, 2)Искусство как развлечение, 3)Искусство ради политических перемен, 4)Искусство для психотерапии, 5)Искусство для социального протеста, 6)Искусство для пропаганды или коммерциализации.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-19.jpg" alt=">Spheres of human life n Social status">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-20.jpg" alt="> Elite and mass art Elite art (from the French elite -"> Элитарное и массовое искусство Элитарное искусство (от французского elite - лучшее, отборное), искусство, ориентированное, по мысли его создателей, на небольшую группу людей, обладающих особой художественной восприимчивостью, в силу которой они должны оцениваться как лучшая часть общества, его элита. Элитарные тенденции получили распространение в XX веке в русле авангардстски- модернистского искусства.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-21.jpg" alt="> Mass art is designed for the most wide circle viewers, public, simple "> Mass art is designed for the widest range of viewers, public, simple in form, not requiring special training for understanding. Mass art includes works distributed through the media (cinema, television), printed graphics, popular music, products of the art industry, designed for the average taste of the general consumer, simplified and not of high artistic value.
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-22.jpg" alt="> Political sphere(relationships of people associated with power) Power - "> Political sphere (relationships of people associated with power) Power is the ability and ability to have a decisive impact on the activity, behavior of people by any means.
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-23.jpg" alt="> Art as a means of ideological influence"> Искусство как способ идеологического воздействия Часто искусство понималось как явление подчиненное, служебное: по отношению к политике государства.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-24.jpg" alt="> Official political ideology (30-50s in the USSR )">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-25.jpg" alt="> Spiritual sphere (the area of ideal, intangible formations that include ideas , the values of religion,"> Духовная сфера (область идеальных, нематериальных образований, включающих в себя идеи, ценности религии, искусства, морали и т. д.) n Искусство и наука n Искусство и техника n Искусство и религия n Искусство и образование!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-26.jpg" alt="> Art and Science"> Искусство и наука Наука, изучающая искусство в целом и связанные с ним явления - искусствоведение. Отрасль философии, занимающаяся изучением искусства - эстетика. Отличия искусства от науки: n наука и техника оказывает большее влияние на вещи, а искусство - на психологию; n наука добивается объективности, авторы же творений искусства вкладывают в них себя, свои чувства; n !} scientific method strictly rational, in art there is always a place for intuitiveness and inconsistency; n each work of art is single and complete, each treatise- only a link in the chain of predecessors and followers;
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-27.jpg" alt=">Art and technique photography, stage">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-28.jpg" alt=">cinema, television">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-29.jpg" alt="> Connection with religion Religion (from Latin religio - piety,"> Связь с религией Религия (от лат. religio – благочестие,) – это мировоззрение и мироощущение и также соответствующее поведение и специфические действия (культ), основанные на вере в существование Бога или богов, в существование священного, то есть той или иной разновидности сверхъестественного.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/37611404_358364064.pdf-img/37611404_358364064.pdf-31.jpg" alt=">Economic sphere (a set of relations between people that arise when creating and moving material blessings)">!}
Art has existed since ancient times. It accompanied man throughout his existence. The first manifestations of art were very primitive drawings on the walls of caves, made primitive people. Even then, when every day you had to fight for your life, a person was drawn to art, even then a love for beauty was manifested.
Nowadays there are many different types of art. These are literature, musical and visual arts, etc. Now the natural talent of a person is combined with the latest technologies creating fundamentally new trends in art. Of course, before there were no such opportunities as in our time, but every artist sought to come up with something special, to contribute to the development of this type of art.
And yet, why do we attach such great importance art? What role does it play in a person's life? Figurative recreation of reality creates our personality. Cultural and spiritual development has a great influence on our lives. Indeed, in most cases, people are not judged by appearance but by what they have inside. A person with a very unattractive appearance can be beautiful, you just have to get to know him better. Comprehensively developed, spiritually rich people have always aroused the interest of others, it is interesting and pleasant to communicate with them. We all need to develop, improve ourselves, and art helps us in this difficult task. It helps to better understand the world and themselves.
Knowing yourself is one of milestones formation human personality. Often art is a way to assert oneself, to say something to the whole world. It is like a message to the future, a kind of appeal to the people. Each work of art has its own purpose: to acquaint, teach, encourage reflection. Art requires understanding. Thoughtless contemplation of pictures or reading books of great masters does not make any sense. You need to understand what exactly the artist wanted to say, for what purpose this or that creation appeared. Only under this condition will art fulfill its task, teach us something.
It is often said that in our time people have almost ceased to be interested in art. I don't think so. Times change, generations change. Do not remain unchanged and views, tastes. But there are topics that will be relevant at all times. Of course, our society gives greater value material enrichment than spiritual. But this does not mean that people do not pay attention to cultural life do not appreciate art. We should not forget about art, because it plays an important role in our life.
Art is the activity of the individual. With the help of it, he learns the world, rests and creates something new. The role and importance of art in human life cannot be underestimated. Without it, it would be almost impossible. This is a kind of foundation for further discoveries.
What is art
This is a creative activity that allows a person to realize his inner world. You can create with the help of sounds, dances, drawings, words, colors, various natural materials and so on. Art is one of the many forms of consciousness of intelligent beings. It arises due to the creativity of specific individuals who touch on topics that are interesting not only to the author, but also to other people. Many people ask: “Does a person need art?” The answer is definitely yes, because it is a way of knowing the world. Science is also one of the types of acquiring knowledge from the surrounding reality. Art can be:
- Craft. Any kind of human activity is considered a creative process. Skill in some area: sewing, beadwork, furniture making and so on is considered an art. After all, a person tries to convey his vision of the world into reality.
- cultural activities. People have always strived for something beautiful. By creating something good, a person emphasizes his love and peacefulness.
- Any expressive form. With the development of society and aesthetic knowledge, art can be called absolutely any activity that expresses some meaning with the help of special means.
This term is quite broad. If it is interpreted on the scale of the whole human society, then this is a special means for cognition or reflections of the surrounding world, spirituality and consciousness of the individual. There is practically no person who could not give him an explanation. Listen to your inner world and determine what art is for you. After all, it is valuable both for a particular author and for all people in general. During the existence of mankind, a lot of works of art have already been created that you can admire and that can inspire you to your own creative ideas.
The history of the emergence of art
According to one theory, for the first time a person began to engage in creativity during primitive society. Witnesses to this are rock inscriptions. These were the first mass art forms. They were applied mainly for practical application. About 40 thousand years ago, art became an independent way to explore the world. It was represented by various ceremonies, musical compositions, choreography, wearable decorations, images on rocks, trees and skins of dead animals.
In the primitive world, art performed the function of transmitting information. People could not communicate using language, so they transmitted information through creativity. Therefore, art for the people of those times was an integral part of existence. For drawing images, objects from the surrounding world and various colors from them were used.
Art in the ancient world
It was in ancient civilizations, such as: Egypt, India, Rome, and so on, that the foundations of the creative process were laid. Even then, people began to think about whether art is necessary for a person. Each developed center of civilization had its own unique style, which survived for many centuries and did not change. At this time, the first works of artists had already begun to be created. The ancient Greeks portrayed human body the best. They could correctly depict muscles, posture and respect the proportions of the body.
Art in the Middle Ages
People of these times focused their eyes on biblical stories and spiritual truths. In the Middle Ages, they no longer wondered whether a person needed art, because the answer was obvious. A gold background was used in painting or mosaics, and people were depicted with perfect proportions and body shapes. Art of various kinds penetrated into the sphere of architecture, beautiful statues were built. People were not interested in what real art was, they just created their own beautiful works. Some Islamic countries attributed divine power to such creations. The people from India used the art for religious dancing and sculpture. The Chinese preferred bronze sculptures, woodcarving, poetics, calligraphy, music and pictorial drawings. The style of this people changed every era and bore the names of the ruling dynasties. In the 17th century, it spread in Japan. By this time, people already knew what real art was. After all, it has already seriously influenced the upbringing of a useful person for society. It also served as a good rest and relaxation.
The Renaissance and the Modern World
Mankind has returned to humanism and material values. This influenced the development of art. Human figures have lost their idealized forms. During these eras, artists tried to show the Universe and various ideas of that time. There were already a lot of interpretations of "what is art". Creative people perceived it as a way to convey human individuality. Already to XIX century a lot of styles were formed, such as symbolism or fauvism. However, in the 20th century a lot happened scientific discoveries and developing technologies. In this period creative personalities were looking for new ways to display their inner world and reflect modern beauty.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the direction of modernism joined the art. People tried to find the truth and followed strict standards. During this period, there were a lot of critics of painting who suggested that it was over.
What is art
IN modern world the creative process has reached an unprecedented development. Using the World Wide Web different kind skill spreads with great speed. Art is as follows:
- Spectacular art. It includes theatres, operas, circuses, cinema and so on. With the help of visual perception, the authors convey their vision of the world and various events. Directors create films that reflect the existing problems of the world. Many branches of art serve as entertainment for a person, for example, the circus.
- Art. This area includes photography, painting, comics, sculpture and silent films. The authors, with the help of a static picture, convey the nature, the life of a people, the problems of mankind. Silent cinema is a dynamic art form. In the modern world, this phenomenon has already lost its popularity.
- Expressive art. People reflect their views in literature, create beautiful buildings. They also express the inner world in music and choreography. In most works rise global problems and vices of mankind. Thanks to this, people improve and move away from evil and self-flagellation.
For creative expression man has invented a lot of materials. Artists use paint, canvases, ink, and so on. Architects - clay, iron, gypsum and more. Thanks to modern ways storing information, a person can transfer his creations to an electronic version. Already, there are many musicians, artists, directors and writers who use the computer to create works of art.
Modern world and art
The creative sphere of life teaches the individual true beauty, makes him more merciful and kinder. Also, art teaches to look at simple things from a different angle, most often positive. In all creations there is not one certain meaning, each person in them is looking for something of his own. Also, everyone individually chooses the type of activity for themselves. It can be painting, ballet or even classical literature. People, through creativity, learn compassion, sensitivity and emotionality. Everyday life can oppress a person, and art reminds us how beautiful the world around him can be. Many people eat simply positive energy from various works of art.
From an early age, an individual is instilled with a love for creativity. Introducing children to art allows them to learn to understand literature, painting, architecture, music and much more. It develops the personality. However, there are times when a person does not understand why art is needed. Such behavior is one of the stages of personality development, after which people have an involuntary craving for something new unknown. This allows you to broaden your horizons, improve and form individual moral values. The most important thing is that creativity makes a person better.
How art affects personality development
Man is a creature that is formed with the help of surrounding events and other opinions. Art occupies a special place in this process, it influences both specific person and on society as a whole. Thanks to him, a person forms pleasant feelings, interesting thoughts, moral principles, and the development of contemporary art helps him in this. Life without this industry is almost unreal. It would be dry, but for individuals with a wealth inner world presented only in black and white. occupies a special place in existence. fiction like art. She is able to fill a person like a jug of water, life principles and looks. Leo Tolstoy believed that spiritual beauty could save humanity. With the study of the work of various authors, people become internally attractive.
In the visual arts, a person tries to convey his point of view on the world around him, sometimes from his imagination. After all, he cannot recreate what does not exist. Each image conveys a specific thought or feeling of the creator. Man feeds on these works of art. If the message was good, then the person will radiate positive emotions. Aggressive creativity gives rise to negative feelings in a person. In life, people must have positive thoughts and deeds, otherwise humanity is threatened with extinction. After all, if everyone around him wishes evil, then mass acts of violence and murders can begin.
Introducing children to art
Parents begin to engage in the cultural education of their child almost from birth. Introducing children to art is an important part cultivating a positive personality. School age considered the most favorable for the development cultured person. At this stage, schools form a child's sympathy for classical works. In the lessons they consider the great artists, writers, musicians and their significant contribution to the culture of mankind. In the future, they will better perceive the work of various authors and not ask about why art is needed. However, when children enter the middle classes, teachers do not pay due attention to creativity. In this case, many parents send them to special art schools. Children are brought up with the ability to learn something new, interest in art, the ability to create and be kind person. After all, artistic creations play a significant role in the development of a mature personality.
Art and literature
The word is an integral part of creativity. Thanks to him, you can very accurately convey information, events, feelings, and so on. capable of conveying to a person a wide range of emotions and outlooks on life. Also, imagination helps to convey pictures of indescribable beauty. Thanks to the word, people can experience joy, feelings, condolences, sadness, and so on. The text in the book is somewhat reminiscent of an alternate reality.
The writers also talk about their assumptions that relate to the future of mankind. There are a lot of popular dystopias that reflect a not at all bright future, for example: “Oh wonderful new world Aldous Huxley, George Orwell's 1984. They serve as a warning to a person so that he does not forget to love and tries to appreciate everything that he has. This fact shows why the art of negative literature is needed. After all, such books ridicule the problems of people: insane consumption, love of money, power, and so on. After all, these things do not bring happiness at all, and you only need to do noble deeds and be honored.
What is the art of photographs and paintings for?
Almost every person likes to decorate the walls of his house with the work of artists or photographers. However, not everyone thought why they hang there and how they affect mood. Psychologists believe that the images on the walls can affect a person. The picture primarily affects the subconscious, and it is very important what color it is. Effects of coloration of images:
- Orange color. He is able to create a warm and warm feeling in a person. However, some works can, on the contrary, irritate.
- Red paintings. This is one of the most influencing colors on people. healthy people it can feed with passion and warmth. Patients with psychological disorders may develop aggression.
- Green. This is the color of the entire plant world, which creates a feeling of security and freshness in a person.
- Blue images. They are able to give people peace and some coolness. All light colors have a positive effect on the emotional state of a person.
Experts have long known that different colors paintings and photographs can elevate mood, put emotions in order and, in some cases, heal. However, some people may still have a question about why image art is needed. They can be observed in schools, kindergartens, educational institutions and some jobs. Often these are peaceful landscapes, forests and portraits of some beautiful people.
Art is one of the main forms of the spiritual culture of mankind, which arose in ancient times. So, already in the era of the Upper Paleolithic, 40 thousand years ago, there was "cave art" - wonderful rock engravings and paintings in which our distant ancestors depicted animals and hunting scenes.
Later, sculpture, music, architecture, theater, and fiction arose. These are classic art forms that are thousands of years old. The development of forms and types of art continues in our time. In the modern world, thanks to the development of technology, some new types of art have appeared, for example, the art of cinema, art photography, now the art of computer graphics is emerging.
All this suggests that a person's life is impossible without art, that it meets some of his deepest needs. To explain its character, we must remember that man is an active being. Through their activities, people master the world around them and transform it.
There are three main forms of human exploration of the world:
practical-active- it is governed by such general needs and goals as benefit and good;
cognitive - its purpose is true;
artistic- serves as its value beauty.
Therefore, it is possible to determine art like a way development and transformation of the world according to the laws of beauty.
The specificity of art is to represent reality through artistic images, that is, in a specific sensual form, and not with the help of concepts and theories as in scientific knowledge. This is evident in painting or sculpture. But even literature, although the figurative side is not striking in it, differs essentially from knowledge. For example, historians or sociologists, studying noble society V Russia XIX, describe and explain it with the help of such concepts as "estate", "serfdom", "autocracy", etc. In contrast, Pushkin and Gogol brilliantly portrayed the essence of this society in images Onegin and Tatyana, Chichikov and a series of landowners from " dead souls". These are two different, but complementary ways of knowing And reflections of reality. The first is to discover general, natural in the studied reality, the second - on the expression of reality through personal images, through the consciousness and experiences of individual characters.
The role of art in human lifeAnd societies is determined by the fact that it is addressed to the human consciousness in its entirety. Artistic creativity and the perception of works of art gives a person a deeper understanding and knowledge of life. But at the same time art affects him feelings, experiences, develop it emotional area. We have already noted the great role of art in shaping moral ideas person. And, of course, the perception of works of art gives people aesthetic enjoyment, experience beautiful, and also makes them complicit creativity artist.
In all these respects, art has great power, not without reason Dostoevsky said: "Beauty will save the world."
Ideas about the role of art have changed throughout history. The important role of art was already recognized in ancient society. For example, Plato and Aristotle believed that art should purify the soul from base passions and elevate it. They assigned a special role in this to music and tragedy.
In the Middle Ages, the main role of art was seen in subordination to the tasks of worship. Art played, for example, a very significant role in the design of churches and in the religious rites of Orthodoxy.
During the Renaissance, art, especially painting, took center stage in spiritual culture. Leonardo da Vinci considered art as a "mirror" of the world and even put painting above science. Many thinkers of this era saw in art the freest and most creative activity of man.
In the Age of Enlightenment, the moral and educational function of art was emphasized above all.
In the XX century. many thinkers began to talk about the crisis of art, about the fact that contemporary art is losing its functions in society. For example, the German philosopher of culture of the early XX century. O. Spengler believed that modern western culture enters the period of decline. high classical art gives way to technical arts, mass spectacles, sports. Modern Art loses harmony and figurativeness, there is an abstract painting, in which the holistic image person.
Kinds of art. The study of art, the classification of its various types is engaged in a special philosophical science - aesthetics. Types of art can be distinguished by the material in which artistic images are embodied. These are sound in music, lines and colors in graphics and painting, stone and form in sculpture and architecture, movement in dance, etc. Each material requires its own means, its own "language". This is evidenced by the fact that the content of works of one type of art cannot be adequately conveyed in the language of another type.
The famous German philosopher and aesthetician F. Schelling at the beginning of the 19th century. proposed a classification of the main types of art, which remains important today. Schelling considered art to be the highest, most creative activity person. He argued that all kinds
arts have a single foundation - mythology, and that all the arts are interconnected and express a single idea of beauty.
Schelling divided the arts into real And ideal. Real - music, painting, plastic (architecture and sculpture). Ideal - literature and poetry. Music is an expression of the rhythm and harmony of the world. Painting is the first form of art that reproduces images. Art, synthesizing music and painting, Schelling sees in plastic. He poetically called architecture "frozen music".
Literature and poetry use the word - the freest and richest means of expression. Therefore, they are above the arts that are used to express artistic ideas sound, stone or color. Schelling considered poetry to be the highest form. artistic creativity expressing the essence of art in general.
Elite, folk and mass art. Art, and in a certain respect spiritual culture as a whole, can also be subdivided according to a different, sociological principle. From this point of view, art is divided into high (elitist), folk and mass.
Over the centuries high art was mainly produced and consumed by a rather narrow elite of society - its privileged classes.
folk art - folk songs, dances, carnivals, folklore, popular prints, household decorative crafts, etc. - developed within the framework of customs and rituals and existed in an unwritten form. This type of art expresses the deep aesthetic needs of the people, often within the framework of folk art, genuine masterpieces arise. Folk art is characteristic primarily for traditional society, in modern society there is not much room for him.
emergence mass culture and the corresponding art is associated with the establishment of industrial civilization, the growth of cities, technological progress, which led to the emergence of photography, radio, cinema, and television. This led to the emergence of new ways of producing and consuming art. The main genres of mass art are melodrama, detective story, science fiction, variety art, circus, musical, rock music, etc. The main purpose of this art is to give entertainment, to cause thrills.
The quality of mass art, as a rule, is low. Unlike folk art, mass art is created not by the people, but for the people. It is created by professionals who often act not so much as artists, but as businessmen. Their merchandise is often "kitsch," a gaudy mass production of endless soap operas. There is now an entire industry of mass culture for the production of such art. At the same time, some art theorists note that in modern society with its "postmodern culture" the line between high and mass art is beginning to blur.
Art is a creative understanding of the world around talented person. The fruits of this reflection belong not only to its creators, but to all mankind living on planet Earth.
Immortal beautiful creations ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo ... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It captures the spirit when you try to embrace with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.
ARTS
Depending on the material means with which they are constructed works of art, three groups of art forms objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, artistic photography, architecture, arts and crafts, and design), i.e., those that deploy their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e., those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatio-temporal (dance; acting and all based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television art, variety and circus, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both length and duration, corporality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the way of the material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, determined by the characteristics of this or that material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.
Thus, the varieties of verbal art are oral creativity and written literature; types of music - vocal and different types instrumental music; varieties performing arts- dramatic, musical, puppet, shadow theater, as well as stage and circus; varieties of dance - everyday dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.
On the other hand, each art form has a generic and genre division. The criteria for these divisions are defined in different ways, but the very existence of such types of literature as epic, lyric, drama, such types of fine arts as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life is obvious ...
Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically established system of various specific ways of artistic development of the world,
each of which has features common to all and individually peculiar.
THE ROLE OF ART IN PEOPLE'S LIFE
All kinds of arts serve the greatest of the arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht
Now it is impossible to imagine that our life would not be accompanied by art, creativity. Wherever and whenever a person lived, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly convey the knowledge gained next generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient camps of man. And this was born not only by the desire to protect their descendants from the mistakes already passed by their ancestors, but by the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.
Mankind did not stagnate, it progressively moved forward and higher, and the art that accompanies man at all stages of this long and painful path also developed. If you turn to the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects have reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to go through his short, but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.
Art is one of the most important steps in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world with different points vision. With each epoch, with each century, it is more and more improved by man. At all times, art has helped a person develop his abilities, improve abstract thinking. For centuries, man has tried to change art more and more, to improve it, to deepen his knowledge. Art is great mystery world, in which the secrets of the history of our lives are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes in it you can find answers to those questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a premiere in the theater, without a fashionable hit and beloved musical group, without art exhibitions… In art, a person finds new knowledge, and answers to vital questions, and comfort from everyday bustle, and enjoyment. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, listeners. The novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people, it seems, of a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings that people have been imbued with at all times are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him if the novel is written by a true master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. Not the time or place of action determines my perception great love and faithful friendship, described by the brilliant Shakespeare.
Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its appearance, it declared loudly and boldly about its right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", icons and paintings by Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, cathedrals of Vladimir, Kiev and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on Nerl and Moscow's Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but we also sacredly honor the names of the creators.
Not only ancient creations attract our attention. We are constantly confronted with works of art in everyday life. visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that beautiful world, which is available at first only to geniuses, and then to the rest, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our ordinary life.
Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or a zombie. The wealth of art is inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums of the world, not to listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, not to review all the masterpieces of architecture, not to re-read all the novels, poems, poems. Yes, and nothing. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the variety, a person chooses for the soul what is closest to him, which gives ground to his mind and feelings.
