State Academic Russian Folk Choir. M.E
Russian folk choir named after M. E. Pyatnitsky
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State Academic Russian Folk Choir. M. E. Pyatnitsky- Russian Music band performing folk music.
This is exactly what the first posters of the now famous team looked like - the State Academic Russian folk choir them. M. E. Pyatnitsky - back in 1911.
Founder of the folk choral singing on the professional stage and the organizer of the first folk choir in Russia was Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky(1864-1927), connoisseur of singing art, famous "collector" of Russian songs. He traveled through the villages and villages of central Russia, listened to folk singers. More than 400 songs recorded on an old roller phonograph have been preserved in the archives of Mitrofan Pyatnitsky. Pyatnitsky was so captivated by folk performers that he had a dream to show a Russian song on the concert stage in its original form, the way it had been sounding for centuries.
The band's first concert took place March 2, 1911 in Moscow on the stage of the Noble Assembly. Singing peasants appeared before the public - straight from the ground, from the plow, from the mound. Initial line-up consisted of eighteen people from three central Russian provinces. And until the early 1920s, singers were invited to concerts in Moscow, and then they returned to their villages. Only 10 years later, Mitrofan Pyatnitsky moved the members of the choir to live in the capital, and they began to perform as a permanent member.
After the death of Pyatnitsky in 1927, Pyotr Mikhailovich Kazmin became the head of the choir.
In 1962, the choir led famous composer Valentin Sergeevich Levashov, whose songs became the basis of the band's repertoire. In 1985 he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR. The repertoire was replenished with a new genre of vocal and choreographic composition. These were primarily large-scale, epic canvases folk life in the synthesis of words, music and dance, representing entire cultural and ethnographic sections: Bryansk games, Kaluga busts, Kursk dance with ditties.
Since 1989, the Choir. Pyatnitsky is headed by Alexandra Andreevna Permyakova (since 1989 - director, and since 1995 - artistic director - director).
Today, after a rather difficult period of the beginning - the mid-90s, the State Academic Russian Folk Choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky is on the rise again. 90 percent of its artists are graduates of the school-studio of the Pyatnitsky Choir. Tatyana Ustinova.
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Founded in 1910 by M.E. Pyatnitsky, named after him in 1927, academic since 1968. The choir was made up of peasants from the Ryazan and Smolensk provinces. The 1st concert took place on March 2, 1911 in Moscow, in the Small Hall of the Noble Assembly. In 1937 the choir became professional… Russian history
State Academic Russian Folk Choir. M. E. Pyatnitsky ... Wikipedia
State Academic Russian Folk Choir. M. E. Pyatnitsky is a Russian musical group performing folk music. “On Thursday the 17th and Friday the 18th at one o’clock in the afternoon there is a concert of the peasants of the Great Russians, specially ... ... Wikipedia
- (Academic Russian folk choir of the RSFSR named after M.E. Pyatnitsky), the oldest owl. prof. nar. choir. Organized by M. E. Pyatnitsky in 1910. The first concert of the choir, consisting of 18 peasant singers from the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk provinces, took place on 2 ... Music Encyclopedia
Russian Federation named after M. E. Pyatnitsky, founded in 1910; organizer and artistic director(until 1927) M. E. Pyatnitsky. Since 1937 the professional team of the Moscow Philharmonic, since 1940 modern name, since 1967 academic. Among… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Academic Russian Folk Choir of the Russian Federation named after M.E. Pyatnitsky professional folk choir. Organized in 1910 from the peasants of the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk provinces. The first concert in Moscow took place on February 17, 1911 in the Maly ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Professional folk choir. Organized by M.E. Pyatnitsky in 1910 from the peasants of the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk provinces. The first concert in Moscow took place on February 17, 1911 in the Small Hall of the Noble Assembly. The art of the choir was admired ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
State Academic Folk Choir. Pyatnitsky- In 1910, Mitrofan Pyatnitsky, a collector and performer of Russian folk songs, organized a choir of folk singers from the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk provinces. March 2 (February 17, old style) 1911 in Moscow on the small stage of the Noble Assembly ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
This article is about the choir as a singing group. See also other meanings of this word. Choir (other Greek χορός crowd) choir, singing group, musical ensemble, consisting of singers (choir members, choir artists); joint sound ... ... Wikipedia
The collective dates back to its history on March 2, 1911, when the first concert of the peasant choir led by Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky took place on the small stage of the Noble Assembly. The program of the first concert included 27 songs from the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk regions of Russia. Sergei Rachmaninoff, Fyodor Chaliapin, Ivan Bunin were shocked by the pristine and inspired singing art of the peasants and gave the highest assessment to the peasant singers and musicians. This assessment greatly contributed to the formation of the team as a creative unit. Russian stage those years. Until 1917, the team was "amateur". After October revolution The activities of the choir were supported by the Soviet government. All members move to permanent place residence in Moscow. And since the beginning of the 1920s, the choir has been conducting a large concert activity not only in Moscow, but throughout the country.
From the beginning of the 30s, the team headed as music director People's Artist of the USSR, laureate State Prizes V. G. Zakharov, whose author's songs “And Who Knows Him”, “Along the Village”, “Russian Beauty”, glorified the Pyatnitsky Choir throughout the country.
At the end of the 30s, orchestral and dance groups were created in the choir, which were headed by People's Artist of the Russian Federation V.V. Khvatov and People's Artist USSR, laureate of State Prizes, Professor T.A. Ustinova. This made it possible to significantly expand the expressive means of the stage, and such a structural basis has been preserved to the present day, and many State collectives have been created in this image.
During the Second World War, the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky conducted a large concert activity as part of front-line concert brigades. And the song “Oh, fogs” by V.G. Zakharova became the anthem partisan movement. On May 9, 1945, the choir was one of the main groups in the festivities great victory in Moscow. In addition, he was one of the first teams that was entrusted to represent the country abroad. All subsequent decades, the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky led a huge touring and concert activity. He introduced his art to every corner of the country, visited more than 40 countries of the world. The team created masterpieces of the world folk art.
A significant page in the history of the team - creativity People's Artist USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the composer V.S. Levashov. The songs of V.S. Levashov "Take an overcoat - let's go home", "My native suburbs" - and today they are an adornment of the modern song stage.
About the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky created artistic and documentaries, such as "Singing Russia", "Russian Fantasy", "All life is in dance", "You, my Russia", The books "State Russian Folk Choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky" were published about the M.E. Pyatnitsky Choir, "Memories of V.G. Zakharov", "Russian folk dances» ; a huge number of musical collections “From the repertoire of the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky”, newspaper and magazine publications, many records have been released.
Modern choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky is a complex creative organism, consisting of choral, orchestral, ballet group with artistic and administrative apparatus.
Source - http://www.pyatnitsky.ru/action/page/id/1194/?sub=kolektiv
State Academic Russian Folk Choir named after M. E. Pyatnitsky was founded in 1911 by an outstanding researcher, collector and propagandist of Russian folk art Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky, who for the first time showed the traditional Russian song in the form in which it has been performed by the people for centuries. Looking for talented folk singers, he sought to acquaint the wide circles of the city public with their inspired skill, to make them feel the full artistic value of Russian folk songs.
The first performance of the choir took place on March 2, 1911 on the small stage of the Noble Assembly of Moscow. This concert was highly appreciated by S. Rachmaninov, F. Chaliapin, I. Bunin. After enthusiastic publications in printed publications In those years, the popularity of the choir increased from year to year. In 1918, by decree of V.I. Lenin, all members of the peasant choir were transferred to Moscow. In the 1920s the team has already toured many regions of the country.
After the death in 1927 of M.E. Pyatnitsky, who left more than 400 songs collected by him as a creative heritage, the philologist-folklorist P.M. Kazmin, People's Artist of the RSFSR, laureate of State Prizes, leads the choir. In the same year, the choir was named after M.E. Pyatnitsky.
In 1929, with the beginning of collectivization, a campaign was launched against Choir under the slogan “We do not need a choir with songs from the kulak village. new village- new songs". "Crisis" permitted the entry into the Choir in 1931 of a talented composer, People's Artist of the USSR V. G. Zakharov, who led the group until 1956. During this period, author's songs appeared in the choir's repertoire, including those glorifying the beginning of collectivization, electrification and industrialization. The songs of Vladimir Zakharov “And who knows”, “Russian beauty”, “Along the village” became famous throughout the country. In 1936, the team was given the status of the State.
In 1938, two new professional groups of the choir were created - dance and orchestral, thanks to which the expressive stage means of the group were greatly expanded. The founder and leader of the dance group for 60 years was the People's Artist of the USSR T. A. Ustinova. The founder of the orchestral group is People's Artist of the RSFSR V. V. Khvatov.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Pyatnitsky Choir performed as part of front-line concert brigades, and Vladimir Zakharov's song to the words of Mikhail Isakovsky "Oh, my fogs" became the anthem of the partisan movement. The choir was one of the few groups that took part in the celebration of the great Victory on May 9, 1945 on Red Square.
In the post-war years, the team actively toured the country and was one of the first to be entrusted with representing Russia abroad. Spectators from more than 40 countries of the world got acquainted with his art, and the Choir is still actively and successfully touring abroad. In 1961, the group was headed by the famous composer, People's Artist of Russia, laureate of State Prizes V. S. Levashov. The Pyatnitsky Choir was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1961), the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1986). In 1968 he was awarded the title of "Academic".
From 1989 to the present, the Pyatnitsky Choir has been headed by the People's Artist of Russia, Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation, Professor A. A. Permyakova.
Rethinking the creative heritage of the Pyatnitsky Choir made it possible to make its stage art modern, relevant for the audience of the 21st century. Such concert programs as “I am proud of you country”, “Russia is my Motherland”, “Mother Russia”, “... Unconquered Russia, righteous Rus' ...”, meet the high standards of spirituality and morality of the Russian people and are very popular among the audience and in significantly contribute to the education of Russians in the spirit of love for their Fatherland.
About the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky, feature films and documentaries "Singing Russia", "Russian Fantasy", "All life in dance", "You, my Russia" were created; the books “Pyatnitsky State Russian Folk Choir”, “Memories of V. G. Zakharov”, “Russian Folk Dances” were written; a huge number of musical collections “From the repertoire of the choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky”, newspaper and magazine publications have been published; released many records, CDs.
In 2001, in honor of the team, a nominal star was laid on the "Avenue of Stars" in Moscow. In 2007, the Pyatnitsky Choir was awarded the medal of the Government of the Russian Federation "Patriot of Russia", in 2008 it became the winner of the "National Treasure of the Country" award.
The assignment of the Grant of the President of the Russian Federation allowed the team to preserve all the best created by its predecessors, ensure continuity and rejuvenate the team, attract the best young performing forces in Russia. Many artists of the choir are laureates of regional, all-Russian and international competitions for young performers.
The choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky is an indispensable participant in all holiday events and concerts of national importance. It is the base team of the All-Russian festivals: “ All-Russian festival national culture”, “Cossack circle”, “Days Slavic writing and culture”, the annual solemn ceremony of presenting the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation “Soul of Russia”.
The choir is honored to represent our country at the highest level abroad within the framework of the meetings of heads of state, the Days of Russian Culture.
The choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky retains its unique creative face, remaining the scientific center of professional folk art. Each performance of the choir is a high achievement and a standard of harmony in the scenic folk art.
The history of the creation of the choir
Back in 1902, Pyatnitsky began to create a folk song ensemble. In 1910, Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky created a choir of folk singers from the Voronezh, Smolensk and Ryazan provinces. On March 2, 1911, the choir performed for the first time in the hall of the Noble Assembly of Moscow.
The hall was full. The curtain slowly parted, and an ordinary village hut appeared before the astonished spectators, along the log walls of which there were roughly knocked together benches. A Russian stove, cast-iron pots, a poker, tongs, a cradle, a spinning wheel, a dowry chest... Eighteen peasants took the stage.
The concert was held under deafening applause of the audience. It was something completely new, combining a folk song and a theatrical performance. That first concert of the choir showed the beauty of the Russian folk song and opened the way to the concert stage for its performers - ordinary Russian peasants.
“Nothing so vividly expressed the life and the whole way of the Russian people, as in the song. In it, he poured out his hopeless sadness, and joy, and fun. He spoke with nature, sang the spring flower, boundless steppes, blue sea and steep mountains. The whole soul of a Russian person is reflected in the song, as in a mirror. Therefore, I invited peasant singers to Moscow to show a Russian song in a genuine, unspoiled performance.- said Mitrofan Efimovich.
Songs in the choir were sung anywhere and never by ordinary Russian peasants who had never studied music. They came to the city only for the duration of the performance. The choir sang, as was customary in the villages, heartfelt and unsophisticated.
“Peasant singers perform in authentic costumes from their provinces and with appropriate decorations.
The first section depicted "Evening outside the outskirts."
The second section was called "Festive Day After Mass" and consisted entirely of spiritual verses.
The third branch was a wedding ceremony in the hut of the Voronezh province, wedding and ritual songs, ”wrote the Moskovsky Leaf newspaper.
The famous composer A.D. Kastalsky, amazed by the unusual performance of the choir, wrote: “These unknown Nikolai Ivanovichs, Arinushki, Praskovya Fedorovnas often master their art in its whole (melody, harmony, counterpoint, musical expression) so much that it is difficult for us to understand how, doing this art between deed, you can so artistically convey it to the audience, moreover, in a completely unusual environment for performers.
Peasant concerts arranged by M.E. Pyatnitsky, in this regard, were of high musical interest for our public, giving the opportunity to directly hear the original samples of musical performance, with its characteristic timbres of voices, a kind of musical ornament, giving the impression of special freshness and novelty even for our ears, accustomed to everything ... ".
“I will not mark the outstanding individual songs. Almost all of them are interesting, if not in music, then in performance, words or rituals... Several songs were sung with the accompaniment of the zhaleyka and the Little Russian “lyre” (“Ryle” is a common instrument of the blind in Little Russia). Of the round dance songs, “On the mountain is a viburnum”, where the story of free love is depicted in faces with truly spontaneous simplicity.
The most integral impression is made by the picture of the wedding (3rd section). The singing of girls is heard on the street, the bride laments, the groom enters with his relatives, he is greeted with a song, the bride is brought to him, the matchmaker treats everyone with new jokes, etc. The matter ends, of course, with dance songs: here is a brisk melody, and syncopating, roaring cries of undertones, and all sorts of rhythms of trampling, and pitiful, and clapping your hands, and a whirlpool of dancing - everything merges into one living, ebullient whole - “smoke with a yoke” ; most of all, it captures both the audience and, in the end, the performers themselves, even the old people” - musical critic Y. Engel.
Choir concerts were held without preliminary rehearsals. “That's the whole charm of a folk song, that the singers perform it “as best they can”. I give them only two instructions: quieter and louder. I only ask them for one thing: sing, as you sing in your backyard and in a round dance, ”Pyatnitsky told about his choir.
Among the fans of the choir were such famous Russian cultural figures as Chaliapin, Rachmaninov, Bunin, Taneyev. The singers called themselves the "singing artel". They sang for the capital's audience and after the concert they again went to their villages.
Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky: “The folk song, this artistic chronicle of folk life, is dying out every day, to our deep regret… The village begins to forget its beautiful songs… The folk song is disappearing, and it needs to be saved.”
Pyatnitsky Mitrofan Efimovich
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky was born in 1864 in the village of Aleksandrovka, Voronezh province, in a large family of sexton Efim Petrovich Pyatnitsky. They lived in poverty. Mother raised geese and chickens, sisters helped her with housework. The brothers were destined for one road - to the seminary.
Mitrofan's father was one of the best singers in the church, and the boy, more than anything in the world, loved to listen to spiritual chants. He stood idle for hours in a small village temple, warmed by candles, saturated with the sweet smell of incense. It seemed that Mitrofan devoted himself to prayer with all his heart. None of the deacon's sons wanted to go to the seminary, and only Mitrofan's parents were calm: the Lord himself directed him on the right path!
The Lord really directed Mitrofan on a special path, but it was not the path of church service.
After the parish school, Mitrofan entered the theological school at the Voronezh seminary. His education ended sadly. Mitrofan Pyatnitsky secretly bought a collection of folk songs in the market and learned them in the evenings. They brought it to him. He went home. In the summer of 1876, twelve-year-old Mitrofan had a breakdown, accompanied by a seizure and fever, which in those days was called "brain fever."
After recovering, he did not return to the theological school, he studied as a locksmith, went to work in the city, then got a job as a clerk in the control chamber in Voronezh, and then, having studied accounting, he entered the housekeeper ... in the same theological school, where he was so afraid to go back.
Mitrofan dreamed of singing in the opera. He began to study, set his voice. And he succeeded in his studies so much that in the spring of 1896 he managed to achieve the almost impossible: he was auditioned at the conservatory and agreed to be accepted to study. And this, despite the age and lack of due preparatory school! True, there was one condition: Pyatnitsky had to enter the position of housekeeper in the new building of the conservatory, and on very unfavorable conditions of living and payment. But Mitrofan was ready for anything to become a singer. Classes were supposed to start in the fall. Inspired by dreams of the future, he came to Voronezh for the summer ...
But there, because of unrequited love, he develops an illness, he ends up in Moscow in a hospital for the mentally ill. Chaliapin, who warmly sympathized with him, often visited him in the hospital. Together they walked in the park, talked, and Fyodor Ivanovich was more and more imbued with sympathy for him. It was Chaliapin who gave Mitrofan Efimovich the most important advice in his life: leave the vocals and take up better themes, to which his soul lies most, - by collecting Russian songs.
After all, it can be done professionally too! And Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin brought Pyatnitsky to a meeting of the Musical and Ethnographic Commission at the University Society of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography. Very soon, Pyatnitsky got used to it, and since 1903 he became a full member of the commission.
Started it creative way- Mitrofan Efimovich traveled around the villages, collecting songs. In 1904, he published at his own expense a thin booklet "12 songs of the Voronezh province of the Bobrovsky district." This book made him famous. Pyatnitsky was increasingly invited not only to charity evenings, but also to classes with students in folklore. Soon he was able to buy himself a phonograph to record folk songs. His second book - "Pearls of the Old Song of Great Rus'" - already enjoyed incredible popularity. He also recorded himself, and we can now hear the voice of Pyatnitsky - he had a pleasant soft baritone.
In 1910, Pyatnitsky met his "muse" - the seventy-year-old peasant woman Arinushka Kolobaeva, who had a magnificent voice and knew a huge number of songs. Arinushka performed with her two daughters and granddaughter Matryona. Other singers gradually recruited, and in February 1911 the first two concerts of peasant singers took place under the direction of Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky. They performed on the Small Stage of the Nobility Assembly. Success came immediately.
In 1914, the choir survived a catastrophe - Arinushka Kolobaeva died. They did not have time to mourn the death of the soloist, the war began. Many choristers were taken to the active army.
However, Pyatnitsky did not give up. He tried to "pull" the surviving choristers to Moscow, arranged for them to work, and rehearsed in the evenings. His good friend, sculptor Sergey Konenkov, recalled: “Being a gentle, kind and affectionate person, he always communicated evenly with his choristers, delved into the little things of their lives and often took them to opera performances Bolshoi Theatre.
For twenty-four years he worked in one of the Moscow hospitals, while taking singing lessons. Then - also in parallel with work - he began to perform at concerts, performing folk songs.
In 1919, he again took up the formation of the choir, united around himself performers and experts in folk songs who moved to Moscow from remote villages and villages.
Who was not in the revived Pyatnitsky choir! Workers and workers, janitors and watchmen - nugget singers who did not have music education, but possessing excellent hearing, vocal abilities and musical memory. They rehearsed at Pyatnitsky's apartment, he gave vocal lessons to many for free. He even managed to knock out a "reservation" from being drafted into the Red Army for some of the most talented choristers.
From 1921 to 1925, Pyatnitsky taught singing at the Third Judge of the Moscow Art Theater (now the Vakhtangov Theater).
Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky died in 1927 and was buried on Novodevichy cemetery. Before his death, he handed over the choir to his nephew, folklorist Pyotr Mikhailovich Kazmin, instructing him:
The choir officially received the name of Pyatnitsky. Did not perform in restaurants. A different fate awaited him.“Don't sing in restaurants; hold fast the banner of genuine folk song. And if the choir goes to work in a restaurant, then do not associate my name with this choir.
Formation of a new image of the choir
“Wonderful and wonderful are Russian songs, soulful melodies, deep thoughts in the text. Indeed, sometimes you don’t know who to give preference to: the genius of a composer or a poet? For centuries they have dressed up their native song, like a bride to the crown, so that she, desired, sees the light of God.- wrote the creator of the choir Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky excitedly.
Time passed. Dozens of singing groups have become history. Many great singers were forced to emigrate. Perhaps the same fate was prepared for the Pyatnitsky choir, if not for the occasion. Once, it was in 1918, the choir was invited to perform for the soldiers of the Red Army who were leaving for the front. It was absolutely impossible to refuse. It so happened that Lenin himself heard that concert. He was so touched by the singing of simple illiterate peasants that he ordered "to provide all kinds of support to talented nuggets." Immediately after that, the choir was finally transferred to Moscow. A fairly large mansion on Bozhaninovka was allocated for rehearsals and accommodation for the artists.
After the death of Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky, the choir received his name. At the same time, a new image of the choir began to take shape, which by the end of the 1930s had become the standard for Soviet professional and amateur folk choirs.
In 1929, a controversy unfolded around the Pyatnitsky Choir about whether it was needed modern Russia. “We do not need a choir with songs from the kulak village. New village - new songs. The newspapers wrote that the choir that sings songs old village, has outlived its own and the country needs new songs. The forced response to this was the creation of songs about collectivization "Ride us, Petrusha, on a tractor", electrification "Along the village from hut to hut" by the new leader of the choir, Vladimir Grigoryevich Zakharov. Of course, these were not folk songs, but each era has its own works of art, and thanks to the highest creative skill of the performers, these numbers were received with a bang. With them vocal works, created in the folklore spirit “And who knows”, “Oh my fogs, rastumany”, became a national treasure and songs that the entire Soviet people sang.
Since 1938, the Pyatnitsky Choir has been divided into two groups - dance and orchestral. For more than 60 years, the dance group was headed by its founder, People's Artist of the USSR Tatyana Ustinova. orchestral group founded and headed by People's Artist of the RSFSR Vyacheslav Khvatov. The Pyatnitsky Choir has turned into a collective the highest level, without which state events could not do.
During the Great Patriotic War, the choir, like many other Soviet artists, performed with their concerts at the forefront, not stopping their concert activity for a single day. His song "Oh, my fogs" became the anthem of the partisan movement (words by Mikhail Isakovsky, music by Vladimir Zakharov). On May 9, 1945, among the few groups, the choir sang in Moscow on Red Square in front of the victors of fascism. Documentary footage taken on Red Square has been preserved, where you can see how, welcoming the choir, caps, caps and peaked caps fly into the air. The Pyatnitsky Choir has become one of the brightest folk symbol Soviet state. His tour was seen by viewers in more than forty countries around the world.
The costumes of the choir members changed in different periods. There were also obvious excesses of "village life" - so in the early 50s, the actresses flaunted on stage in fashionable dresses of that time and with a six-month perm on their heads, and the dancers flaunted in double-breasted jackets and flared trousers. Later there were huge kokoshniks and even dresses with rhinestones.
Since 1962, the group has been headed by the famous composer and People's Artist of Russia Valentin Levashov. From 1989 to the present, the team has been headed by People's Artist of Russia Alexandra Permyakova. She returned the choir to folk origins, to what the founder of the choir, Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky, propagated in his work. And a miracle happened - the costumes of the Pyatnitsky choir - simple Russian sundresses, sweaters, modest scarves returned the choir team from the matryoshka, decorated with strass-velvet-brocade pseudo-folk group to the modern peasant choir of Mitrofan Pyatnitsky.
He again began to perform truly Russian folk songs and dances from different regions of our country, such as: "Quadrille of the Prelena Coachmen", "Kasimovskaya Dance", "Saratov Karachanka".
Today, all the advantages of the folk choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky reveals his bright and rich program, which includes songs, dances, ditties and spiritual singing
Currently, the performances of the Pyatnitsky Choir are not often seen on the TV screen. "Format" Russian TV channels filled with pop music, and the leaders of the country sing along to the visiting foreign stars. But, despite this, the anniversary concert of the Pyatnitsky Choir in the State Kremlin Palace, which accommodates almost 6.5 thousand spectators, was overcrowded. Although average age choir artists are only 19 years old, among them there are 47 laureates of regional and all-Russian competitions vocalists representing 30 regions of Russia.
The head of the choir, People's Artist of Russia Alexandra Permyakova: "... Current line-up Russian folk choir named after M.E. Pyatnitsky was formed in the early 90s. Now it is already possible to speak frankly about this: by the beginning of that decade, the Pyatnitsky choir practically did not exist. The participants fled to joint ventures, leisure centers and the like... And a cry was thrown all over Russia... Now the team consists of representatives of 30 regions of the country. These are the best singing forces of our country.
Today's concerts of the choir are held non-stop. They ask me - what is this form? And why did they come to this? In fact, we did not invent anything. If you look at the first programs of the 1911-1912 years of the Pyatnitsky peasant choir, we see the same thing that we are doing now. It is with great pleasure that I state that last years interest in Russian folk song, dance, music is growing and growing. If in the 90s at a concert of the Pyatnitsky Choir in Moscow there were more people on stage than in the hall, now everything is completely different. Pop stars do not collect full Kremlin Palace- we have collected. Now I'm with full responsibility I say that the team is folk. Because the basis of the repertoire is authentic folk songs from different regions of Russia. I am responsible to the people for the safety of this archive.”
A word about the creative team
Pyatnitsky Choir. The team, born in the people and brought up by them, is rightfully considered the oldest and most faithful propagandist of folk songs. On February 17, 1911, in Moscow, in the Small Hall of the Noble Assembly, they were first performed by him. Voronezh musician, a passionate collector of songs Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky brought groups of singers from the villages to Moscow and organized peasant concerts here. According to the story of one of the leaders of the choir, P. M. Kazmin, the basis of the choir from the moment of its foundation was made up of three groups of singers: Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk. The group of Voronezh singers included fellow villagers M.E. Pyatnitsky. At the first concerts, each of these groups performed separately, but then best songs began to be performed by the whole team.
It should be noted that the activities of the choir were already marked by intense, creative work its participants, who, after a difficult labor day they went to rehearsal, to Pyatnitsky's apartment or to the backyard of the Novodevichy Convent, and spent hours perfecting the performance of each song. Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky strove, first of all, to preserve the folk manner of performance, so that the singers could fully convey the richness of the Russian song to the listeners. “Sing, as you sing in round dances in your mound,” he demanded. The charm of the Russian song should also be conveyed by the original old outfits in which the members of the choir performed.
The program of the first concert included 27 songs from different regions of Russia. Some of them were performed with accompaniment. Usually they accompanied the singers on the zhaleykas. Already in the first concert, works appeared that gained immense popularity among amateurs. folk music. The songs “Mountains Vorobyovskie”, “My strip, strip”, performed on a February evening in the Small Hall of the Noble Assembly, and now included in the repertoire of the group, are a great success with listeners.
A year later, the Pyatnitsky choir again performed in Moscow. This time his program was more organized, united in three finished paintings: "Evening outside the outskirts", "Festive day after mass", "Wedding ceremony". At a choir performance in Great Hall The Moscow Conservatory was attended by Rachmaninov and Chaliapin, who spoke warmly about the concert.
Peasant concerts were repeated in the next three years. They brought people the best traditions of Russian song but, unfortunately, were not available. wide circles listeners. A peculiar result of the first years of the choir's work was summed up in 1914 by the publication of the collection "Concerts by M.E. Pyatnitsky with peasants", where 20 of the most popular songs from the choir's repertoire were published.
Despite the enthusiasm, perseverance with which M.E. Pyatnitsky undertook the collection and promotion of Russian folk songs, before the revolution he could not fully realize his creative ideas. And it is no coincidence that the true flowering of the choir begins after the Great October Revolution. There was an opportunity for mass performances, with the expansion of the audience, the repertoire was enriched. The choir performed at factories, factories, in villages. The Soviet government already then attached to his activities great importance. On September 22, 1918, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin attended a choir concert in the Kremlin. He was interested in the work of the group (the “Kremlin” program of the choir included the paintings “Evening outside the outskirts”, “Gatherings”, “Wedding” and the painting “Liberated Russia” created on modern material). The next day, Lenin received Pyatnitsky in the Kremlin. In a conversation with him, Vladimir Ilyich stressed the importance of promoting Russian folk art, pointed out the need to expand the activities of the choir.
The team, inspired by the attention of Lenin, his kind parting words, began to work with even greater enthusiasm. In 1923, for his energetic and fruitful work, he was awarded a diploma from the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, where he gave a number of concerts, and in the year of his twenty-fifth birthday he was awarded the title of Honored Collective of the Republic.
In 1927, M.E. Pyatnitsky died. After his death, the team was headed by Petr Mikhailovich Kazmin, Mitrofan Efimovich's nephew, literary critic and folklorist.
1936 - opens new stage V creative biography team. The choir becomes professional. He has the opportunity to work more thoughtfully and thoroughly on song material. During these years, a radical restructuring of the work of the choir was carried out. A significant contribution to the improvement of his performing skills belongs to the composer Vladimir Grigoryevich Zakharov, who, together with P. M. Kazmin, has been leading the team since 1931. changing appearance choir. It becomes more festive, more elegant. The repertoire, along with the old ones, increasingly includes modern songs about life. Soviet people. Among them are the works of V. G. Zakharov himself. The restructuring of the collective ends with the creation of special groups of musicians and dancers. A wonderful dance master Tatyana Alekseevna Ustinova and famous musician Vasily Vasilievich Khvatov.
The songs performed by the choir receive truly nationwide recognition, this applies primarily to the songs “Seeing Off”, “Along the Village”, “And Who Knows”, “Green Spaces”.
The war did not stop creative activity choir. Speaking on the front stage, on the radio, the artists of the Pyatnitsky choir inspired Soviet fighters to fight right for the happiness and freedom of the Motherland. The songs of V. Zakharov "Oh, my fogs", "White Snow" become truly folk. During the war years, another fundamentally new feature appeared in the creative style of the team. Its performers now not only sing or dance, they play on stage. In 1943, the choir performed with a program that included "Scenes of Russian folk wedding". Wedding songs are part household paintings presented by artists on stage. The text of "Scenes of a Russian folk wedding" was compiled by P. M. Kazmin, using genuine folklore material. Songs, ditties, folk customs and rituals, dances, round dances - all this sounded organically in the wedding scenes. In 1944 for new creative achievements a large group of choir artists were awarded orders and medals; V. G. Zakharov was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR, and P. M. Kazmin was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR.
The post-war period of the choir's activities was marked by new songs by V. G. Zakharov. Their themes are the Motherland, Russia, the return of the soldiers who defended the Fatherland to peaceful work, and, of course, the new collective farm lyrics (“Song of Russia”, “Glory to the Soviet Power”, “How the guys came from the war”, “Better not to have that color” .). The repertoire of the orchestra was enriched by V. V. Khvatov’s plays “Carousel”, “Wedding Melodies”, and the repertoire of the dance group was enriched by the dances “Timonya”, “Gusachok”, “Girl's Dance”. Big job The chorus should also be considered the production of folk scenes “Beyond the outskirts”, the plot and text of which was written by P. M. Kazmin.
IN post-war years the team begins its foreign tours. In 1948 he traveled to Czechoslovakia, then to Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany, Finland. And everywhere his performances are met with great interest and are always a success. This good tradition is preserved by the team to this day.
A new step in the choir's mastery was his work on folk songs“Fires are burning”, “Steppe and steppe all around”, “There is a cliff on the Volga”, as well as over the song by V. G. Zakharov “Our strength in the cause of law”, in which the theme of the struggle for peace is decided, and songs and dances of a collective farm wedding (text of songs by A. Tvardovsky, music by V. Zakharov).
In the 1950s and 1960s, the group was led by P. M. Kazmin and Marian Viktorovich Koval, and since 1963 by the composer Valentin Sergeevich Levashov. The arrival of the composer V. S. Levashov in the team is associated with new creative searches. This is evidenced by the programs of the choir "Russian Land", "Blossoms, Russia", "Morning of Russia". Without breaking with the traditions of Russian folk art, V. S. Levashov boldly introduces elements of modernity into the performing style of the choir. The choir responds vividly to the requests of the people, its performances are distinguished by their relevance and political sharpness.
The choral and dance groups, the orchestra of the collective were rebuilt.
“At present,” says V. S. Levashov, head of the Pyatnitsky Choir, “the peculiarity of our team is that women's group singers are divided into four parts, and not three, as it was before; male group singers is divided into three parts, not two. The orchestra widely uses four-string domras, balalaikas, button accordions, original folk wind instruments, harmonics, percussion instruments. The dance group has been enlarged, which allows staging mass dances and dances. The chief choirmaster Galina Vladimirovna Fufaeva, the head of the dance group Tatyana Alekseevna Ustinova, the head of the orchestra Alexander Semyonovich Shirokov work a lot with the group.
For more than half a century, songs have been performed by the Pyatnitsky Choir. His merits are highly appreciated by the people, the party, and the Soviet government. On the day of the fiftieth anniversary, the choir was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and in 1968 the choir became Academic.
A. Vladimirov
COMPOSITION OF THE ORCHESTRA
Domra: Piccolo, Prima, Tenor, Bass, Contrabass
Bayans: I, II, double bass
Woodwinds: Vladimir horns, (trumpets) -soprano, Brelk's violas, zhaleika, Svirel
Drums: Triangle Tambourine
Snare drum, Cymbals, big drum, Box, Spoons, Brushes, Ratchets, Bell, Xylophone
Gusli keyboards
Voiced gusli: prima, altos, basses
Balalaikas: Primas, Seconds, Violas, Basses, Double basses
Note: the parts of wind instruments can be played on the button accordion.
- Works for choir and orchestra
- 1. Motherland, Lenin, Party. Music Anat. Novikov, lyrics by A. Sobolev
- 2. Song about Russia. Music by V. Zakharov, lyrics by M. Isakovsky and A. Surkov.
- 3. About the rocket. Music by S. Tulikov, lyrics by V. Alferov
- 4. Three peers. Music by M. Koval, lyrics by M. Isakovsky.
- 5. Russian expanses. Music by V. Levashov, lyrics by V. Kharitonov.
- 6. Oh, since the evening, since midnight. Russian folk song. Arranged by V. Khvatov
- 7. Autumn dream. Old waltz. Arranged by V. Levashov. Words by V. Lebedev-Kumach
- 8. Peddlers. Russian folk song. Arranged by A. Shirokov. Words by N. Nekrasov
- Works for soloists and orchestra
- 9. Serious tractor driver. Music by V. Levashov, lyrics by V. Orlovskaya
- 10. Walked, walked a good fellow. Russian folk song. Arranged by V. Voronkov.
- 11. I sow, I wind. Russian folk song. Arranged by A. Shirokov.
- 12. I got up at dawn. Russian folk song. Arranged by V. Zakharov
- Music for dancing
- 13. V. Poponov. round dance
- 14. A. Shirokov. Dance of combiners.
- 15. M. Magidenko. Russian round dance
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