Leo Tolstoy's children and their fate. Lev Tolstoy

Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich (1828 - 1910) - Count, a popular writer who achieved incredible popularity in the history of world literature. Belongs to the richest and most famous family, which has occupied a prominent position since the time of Peter the Great. There are a lot of descendants of Leo Tolstoy. To date, there are more than three hundred people.

short biography

This one was born great person September 9, 1828. His parents died early, so his relative T. A. Ergolskaya took care of him. At the age of 16, he was able to enter the university in Kazan. But soon the lectures bored him. In addition, Young Leo Tolstoy did not shine with outstanding learning abilities, as a result of which he failed the exam. He wrote a leave of absence and left the place.

He was greatly influenced by his older brother Nikolai, with whom Leo went to the Caucasus, where he fought with the highlanders of Shamil. He decided to devote himself to a military career. In Tiflis, he passed the exam and became a cadet in the 4th battery, stationed in Cossack village on the Terek river.

When the Crimean War began, he went to Sevastopol, where he fought gloriously. For this, Lev Nikolaevich received the Order of St. Anna and two medals. At the same time, he wrote stories about Sevastopol. After the end of hostilities, he moved to St. Petersburg. There he immediately attracted attention. famous people and entered their circle. His writing skills were greatly appreciated.

In 1856 Tolstoy finally left military service.

The writer's marriage

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy began to like Sofya Andreevna Bers (1844-1919), who was the daughter of a doctor from Moscow. Sofya Andreevna was then only 17 years old. He married in 1862. Her chosen one was 18 years old. Immediately after his marriage, Lev Nikolaevich moved with his wife to Yasnaya Polyana. The writer gave everything to his family and thought that he had finally abandoned writing activity, but in 1863 he had thoughts about a new work. A few years later, he finished work on the novel Anna Karenina. Without waiting much time, Tolstoy wrote several more works.

In 1910, the writer decided to move away from his family, anticipating his imminent death. He died seven days after leaving.

Everyone is familiar with art greatest writer, but not everyone knows about his descendants. Did the children of Leo Tolstoy connect their fate, like their father, with literature? Perhaps they have found another calling for themselves?

If you investigate Tolstoy Leo Nikolaevich, it will turn out to be large and rich in branches.

home style

For almost 50 years of marriage, Lev Nikolayevich and his wife produced 13 children: four daughters and nine sons. Unfortunately, five of the babies died in infancy. The rest of the children of Leo Tolstoy lived long life. Their wonderful father believed that in life every person should have only the most necessary things. Therefore, he gave the poor a lot of household goods, among which were furniture, clothes, even a piano. This, of course, did not like his wife very much, because of which disagreements began in the friendly family. The children of Lev Nikolayevich were brought up in strictness and without any excesses that were due to them, according to a high family. They played with peasant children, ate and dressed without frills. The grown children of Lev Nikolayevich behaved differently. Some took everything they could from life. Others continued to lead an ascetic life, following the rules of their father.

Sons of Leo Tolstoy

As mentioned above, the writer had 9 of them:

1. Sergei Lvovich (July 10, 1863 - December 23, 1947). Firstborn. Russian musician and composer. He was smart, dexterous and sensitive to art. But he was also quite distracted. Sergey Lvovich himself wrote several musical works. He studied not only Russian folklore, but also the music of India. Initially, he studied at the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University, but music attracted him from early age. He represented Russia at The Sufi Order in the UK. He also wrote a number of articles about the music that Leo Tolstoy loved during his lifetime, namely “Music in the life of Leo Tolstoy”, “Musical works loved by Leo Tolstoy”, “Leo Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky”.
2. Tolstoy Ilya Lvovich (05/22/1866 - 12/11/1933), was a writer, memoirist, journalist and teacher. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy considered Ilya the most gifted in literature of all his children. Despite this, Ilya Tolstoy did not graduate from high school, but went to serve in the army. Studying was not as easy for him as for other children. He emigrated in 1016 to America, where he earned his living by lecturing. In this distant country he died.
3. Lev Lvovich (1869-1945). Author, writer, playwright, sculptor. His first published work children's story"Monte Cristo" in 1891 in the magazine "Rodnik". After that, he began to publish in Severny Vestnik, Vestnik Evropy, Novoye Vremya and in other publications. A little later, the process of publishing books began. He lived in France, then moved to his wife's homeland in Switzerland. Contemporaries believed that a bad writer, painter and sculptor came out of him. Lev Lvovich was very jealous of the glory of his father, for which he often spoke of his hatred for his parent.
4. Pyotr Lvovich (1872-1873).
5. Nikolay Lvovich (1874-1875).
6. Tolstoy Andrei Lvovich (1877-1916) Andrei Lvovich took part in the war between the Russians and the Japanese, was wounded. After he was awarded the St. George Cross for his courage. In 1907, Andrei Lvovich got a job as a civil servant in the department of special assignments. He was very attached to his mother, who adored him. His father directed him on the path of helping the people, but he had other views. Andrei believed that he should fully enjoy the privileges of his ancestry. Most of all in his life he was attracted to women, wine and card games. He was officially married several times.
7. Tolstoy Alexei Lvovich (1881-1886).
8. Mikhail Lvovich (1879-1944) had talent in the musical field. From a very early age, he really liked music, he could skillfully play the balalaika, harmonica, piano, wrote romances, and learned to play the violin. Despite the fact that he wanted to be a composer, Mikhail Lvovich followed in his parents' footsteps and chose a career as a military man. He also emigrated, lived in France, then in Morocco, where he died.
9. Lvovich (1888-1895) the youngest son of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, the thirteenth child in the family. He had a very similar appearance to his father. Tolstoy himself had hopes for this child, he thought that he would continue his work in the future. The boy was incredibly talented, cordial and sensitive to the people around him, he surprised everyone with his seriousness and kindness. But a misfortune happened - Ivan died of scarlet fever. Lev Nikolaevich loved him with all his heart. For him it was a great and heavy loss.

Of the nine sons of the writer, seven lived a long life and left behind a large offspring, which we will discuss below.

Daughters of Lev Nikolaevich

Fate gave the Tolstoy family only four girls. One of them (Varenka) died in infancy. Everyone's favorite Mashenka (Maria Lvovna) also died young and left no children behind. Let's talk about the writer's daughters in more detail:

1. Tatyana Lvovna (Sukhotina) Tolstaya. (10/04/1864 - 09/21/1950).

She was a writer and memoir writer. In 1899 she married Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotinin. From 1917 to 1923 she managed the museum-estate in Yasnaya Polyana. She was capable of many things, but she was the best at writing. She inherited this from her father.

2. Maria Lvovna (1871-1906). From adolescence, she helped her father keep track of correspondence, translated texts, and acted as a secretary. She was a good person. But she could not boast of good health. Maria constantly quarreled with her mother, but she was unusually friendly with her father, fully shared his views, led an ascetic lifestyle. She was smart. Despite very poor health, she traveled unaccompanied even to distant provinces to heal the sick, taught children at the school she opened. Maria married Prince Obolensky, but she could not give birth to children. In 1906, she suddenly fell ill. Despite all the efforts of the doctors, Maria died. Her father and husband were by her side until the last moment of her life.

3. Varvara Lvovna (1875-1875).

4. Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna (1884-1979). Writer of memoirs about his father. She is well educated at home. Her teachers were educators and adult sisters who taught her more than her mother Sofya Andreevna. Just like a mother, a father in her early childhood paid little attention to her. After Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna celebrated her 16th birthday, her rapprochement with her father took place. Since that time, she devoted her life to Lev Nikolaevich. She did the work of a secretary, wrote down his diary under the dictation of Lev Nikolayevich, learned shorthand, typewriting. She was talked about as a difficult child. She had to be dealt with longer and harder than with her brothers and sisters. But she grew up smart and dexterous. As a teenager, she began to study the works of her father, he transferred the copyright to her literature to her. She rejected the authorities who imposed their conservatism. As a result, she was sent to prison for 3 years. After 1929 she managed to open educational institution and a hospital. In 1941, Tolstoy's daughter moved to the United States, where she helped other emigrants settle. She lived for quite a long time - 95 years. She died in 1979.

As we can see, not all children of Leo Tolstoy were able to live long. But it is not uncommon for the time when children could die from the common cold. Many sons and daughters of the writer, who became adults, had their own children - the grandchildren of Leo Tolstoy.

Grandchildren and great-grandchildren

Leo Tolstoy had 31 grandchildren and several dozen great-grandchildren. Below in the article we will talk about them.

1. Sergei Sergeevich Tolstoy (08/24/1897, Great Britain - 09/18/1974, Moscow).

Educator, specialist in English. Son of Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy. No children, although he was married three times. Known for writing memoirs about his grandfather Lev Nikolaevich, although he was brought up in the family of another grandfather - K.A. Rachinsky.

2. Tatyana Mikhailovna Sukhotina (11/06/1905 - 08/12/1996) Daughter of Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya.

• Albertini Luigi. Born on 09/09/1931 in Rome. Photographer, farmer.
• Albertini Anna. Born 1934, died 1936
• Albertini Marta. She was born on May 11, 1937 in Rome.
• Albertini Christina. She was born on May 11, 1937 in Rome.

3. Tolstaya Anna Ilyinichna (12/24/1888 - 04/03/1954). Daughter of Ilya Lvovich.

• Holmberg Sergey Nikolaevich. Born on 11/07/1909 in Kaluga, died on 06/03/1985
• Holmberg Vladimir Nikolaevich Born on April 15, 1915 in Kaluga, died in 1932.

4. Tolstoy Nikolai Ilyich (12/12/1891 - 12/02/1893). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children.

5. Tolstoy Mikhail Ilyich (10/10/1893 - 03/28/1919) Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children.

6. Andrey Ilyich Tolstoy (04/01/1895 - 04/03/1920). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children. He was an officer when the imperialist war was going on.

7. Tolstoy Ilya Ilyich (12/16/1897 - 04/07/1970). Son of Ilya Lvovich. was a candidate pedagogical sciences, as well as an associate professor at the Moscow Institute. He was an expert in the field of Slavic lexicography. Creator of the Serbian-Croatian-Russian dictionary.

• Tolstoy Nikita Ilyich. Born (04/05/1923 - 06/27/1996).

8. Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy (05/01/1899 - 11/24/1967). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Worked as an agronomist. He gave lectures on the writer Tolstoy, took an active part in the creation of the Leo Tolstoy museums in Moscow and Yasnaya Polyana.

• Tolstoy Oleg Vladimirovich Born on 07/03/1927 in Tetovo, Yugoslavia, died on 09/01/1992 in Moscow.
• Tolstoy Ilya Vladimirovich Born on 06/29/1930 in Novy Bechey, Yugoslavia, died on 05/16/1997 in Moscow.

9. Tolstaya Vera Ilyinichna (06/19/1903 - 04/29/1999). Daughter of Ilya Tolstoy.

• Tolstoy Sergei Vladimirovich Born 10/20/1922

10. Tolstoy Kirill Ilyich (01/18/1907 - 02/01/1915). Son of Ilya Lvovich.

Have no children.

11. Tolstoy Lev Lvovich (06/08/1898 - 12/24/1900). Son of Lev Lvovich.

12. Pavel Lvovich Tolstoy (08/02/1900 - 04/08/1992). Son of Lev Lvovich. An agronomist by profession. Lived in Sweden.

• Tolstaya Anna Pavlovna. She was born on May 5, 1937. She lives in Sweden.
• Tolstaya Ekaterina Pavlovna. She was born on August 3, 1940. She is a teacher by profession.
• Tolstoy Ivan (Yuhan) Pavlovich. Born on January 25, 1945. Tax inspector by profession.
• Eberg Maria (May). She was born on February 15, 1932, an illegitimate daughter.

13. Tolstoy Nikita Lvovich (08/04/1903 - 09/25/1992). Son of Lev Lvovich.

• Fat Maria (Maria). She was born on May 8, 1938. She is a psychiatrist by profession.
• Tolstoy Stefan (Stepan). Born on November 18, 1940. Lawyer by profession.

14. Petr Lvovich. (09/08/1905 - 06/04/1970). Son of Lev Lvovich.

He was engaged in animal husbandry. He lived and died on his estate - Sofialund (Sweden).

• Leo Tolstoy. Born on January 31, 1934. Lawyer by profession.
• Tolstoy Peter. Born on August 10, 1935. Agronomist by profession.
• Tolstoy Andrei. Born on July 28, 1938. Agronomist by profession.
• Fat Elizabeth (Elizabeth). She was born on October 28, 1941. She lives in Germany.

15. Tolstaya Nina Lvovna (06.11.1906 - 09.01.1987). Daughter of Lev Lvovich.

• Lundberg Christian. Born on December 25, 1931. Jeweler by trade.
• Lundberg Wilhelm. Born on August 17, 1933
• Lundberg Staffan. Born on February 19, 1936
• Lundberg Stellan. Born on December 30, 1939
• Lundberg Gerdt. Born on 06/20/1948

16. Tolstaya Sofya Lvovna (09/18/1908 - 11/05/2006). Daughter of Lev Lvovich. Artist. Lived in Sweden.

• Seder Signe.
• Seder Anna Charlotte.

17. Tolstoy Fedor (Theodor) Lvovich (07/02/1912 - 10/25/1956). Son of Lev Lvovich.

• Tolstoy Michael. Born on 06/28/1944
• Tolstoy Nikolay. Born on 01.10.1946

18. Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya (09/20/1914 - 01/29/2007). Daughter of Lev Lvovich. Artist.

• Pause Christopher. Born on 06/02/1941. Agronomist by profession. Lives in Sweden.
• Pause Greger. Born on February 14, 1943. By profession a civil engineer.
• Paus Tatiana. She was born on December 16, 1945.
• Paus Peder. Born on 02/09/1950

19. Tolstaya Darya Lvovna (02.11.1915 - 29.11.1970). Daughter of Lev Lvovich.

• Straiffert Yeran. Born on 12/01/1946
• Straiffert Helena. She was born on January 18, 1948.
• Straiffert Suzanne. She was born on April 15, 1949.
• Straiffert Dorothea. She was born on December 14, 1955.

20. Tolstaya Sofia Andreeva (04/12/1900 - 07/29/1957). Daughter of Andrei Lvovich Tolstoy. Have no children.

21. Tolstoy Ilya Andreevich (02/03/1903 - 10/28/1970). Son of Andrei Lvovich.

A geographer by profession, he created the world's first dolphinarium.

• Tolstoy Alexander Ilyich. (07/19/1921 - 04/12/1997). Geologist by profession.
• Tolstaya Sofia Ilyinichna. (07/29/1922 - 04/18/1990)

22. Tolstaya Maria Andreevna (02/17/1908 - 05/03/1993). Daughter of Andrei Lvovich.

• Vaulina Tatyana Alexandrovna. (09/26/1929 - 02/19/2003)

23. Tolstoy Ivan Mikhailovich (10.12.1901-26.03.1982). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. Church regent.

• Tolstoy Ilya Ivanovich Born on September 20, 1926

24. Tatyana Mikhailovna Tolstaya (02/22/1903 - 12/19/1990). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.

• Lvov Mikhail Alexandrovich. Born on December 21, 1923 in Paris.

25. Tolstaya Lyubov Mikhailovna. Born and died in September 1904. Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.

26. Tolstoy Vladimir Mikhailovich (12/11/1905 - 02/06/1988). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. By profession an architect.

• Penkrat Tatyana Vladimirovna She was born on 10/14/1942 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
• Tolstaya-Sarandinaki Maria Vladimirovna. She was born on August 22, 1951 in the USA.

27. Tolstaya Alexandra Mikhailovna (12/11/1905 - 01/11/1986). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.

• Alekseeva-Stanislavskaya Olga Igorevna. She was born on 03/04/1933 in Paris.

28. Tolstoy Petr Mikhailovich (10/15/1907 - 02/03/1994). Son of Mikhail Lvovich.

• Tolstoy Sergei Petrovich. Born 11/30/1956 in Nyack, New York, USA.

29. Tolstoy Mikhail Mikhailovich (09/02/1910 - 1915). Son of Mikhail Lvovich.

30. Tolstoy Sergei Mikhailovich (09/14/1911 - 01/12/1996). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. Doctor by profession. He was president of the Society of Friends of Leo Tolstoy in France.

• Tolstoy Alexander Sergeevich. Born on May 19, 1938 in Paris
• Tolstoy Mikhail Sergeevich. (05/19/1938 - 01/01/2007)
• Tolstaya Maria Sergeevna. Born on 08/08/1939
• Tolstoy Sergey Sergeevich. (01/29/1958 - 07/03/1979)
• Sergeevich. Born on January 29, 1959 in Paris. Photographer by profession.

31. Tolstaya Sofia Mikhailovna (01/26/1915 - 10/15/1975). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.

• Lopukhin Sergey Rafailovich. Born on 01/03/1942 in Paris.
• Lopukhin Nikita Rafailovich Born on May 13, 1944 in Paris.
• Lopukhin Andrey Rafailovich. Born on 06/03/1947 in Lecunbury (France).

There is practically no information about many of the writer's grandchildren and great-grandchildren. This is understandable, because they live on different continents, do not do any great deeds that could glorify them.

Sofia Andreevna

Let us say separately a few words about Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Sonyushka (as she was affectionately called). She was the full namesake of the writer's wife and her grandmother, who did not cherish the soul in the girl, even became her godmother. When the girl was 4 years old, she and her mother moved to England. Since that time, she no longer met her grandparents, but often wrote letters to them, sent cute postcards. Her mother was involved in her upbringing, since her father (Andrei Tolstoy) left the family. In 1908 the Family returned to Russia. Sonya's mother bought an apartment in Moscow, where the descendants of Leo Tolstoy still live.

Sophia grew up smart, received a good education, knew several languages. She left her mark on history by becoming a wife and herself big love Sergei Yesenin. He dedicated his immortal works to her. Sofya Andreevna wore a copper ring on her finger all her life, given to her by Yesenin. Now it is an exhibit in Yasnaya Polyana.

S. A. Tolstaya-Yesenina since 1928. She worked a lot in the museum of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy. In 1941-1957. was the director of the museum. She did a great job of restoring Yasnaya Polyana after the Nazi occupation.

Young descendants of the 2000s

also in family tree Leo Tolstoy's young descendants were born in the early 2000s and are his great-great-great-great-grandchildren:

1. On the line of Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy.

Karkishko Nikolai Grigorievich 06/10/2004 of birth.

Lysyakov Oleg Ivanovich 01/25/2010 year of birth.

2. On the line of Leo Lvovich Tolstoy.

Leo Lundberg. Born on December 31, 2010

3. Through Mikhail Lvovich Tolstoy.

Mazhaev Dmitry Alekseevich. November 28, 2001, born.

Mazhaev Sergey Alekseevich. 05/21/2007 of birth.

Diara Aminata. Born July 17, 2003, lives in France.

Leo Christopher Lvov. 09/28/2010 of birth.

The fate of the descendants of Tolstoy

As we can see, most of the descendants of Leo Tolstoy inherited his longevity, but only a few followed him. creative way. Fate scattered them all over different corners our Earth.

The total number of descendants of the writer

Currently, there are more than 350 descendants of Leo Tolstoy. Once every two years they meet on the land of their glorious ancestor in Yasnaya Polyana. One cannot but rejoice that more than 100 years after the death of the writer, his descendants have a connection with each other. It is safe to say that the name of Leo Tolstoy and his work does not leave his descendants indifferent. Who knows, perhaps one of them will still surprise the world with their writing talent.

Sofia Andreevna Bers

Leo Tolstoy met his future wife Sofia Bers, the daughter of a Moscow doctor when she was seventeen and he was thirty-four. Tolstoy married in 1862. Together they lived for 48 years, gave birth to 13 children, of whom eight survived. All children were gifted people - in painting or literary creativity.

Yasnaya Polyana- house of Leo Tolstoy

Their marriage is quite standard, although, as it should be by law, it is deteriorating all the time. Yasnaya Polyana is a true example of a family nest... However, when it became necessary to move to Moscow for the sake of children's education, Yasnaya Polyana was abandoned.

Lev Nikolaevich with his wife Sofia Andreevna

Sofya Andreevna was not only a wife, but also a faithful devoted friend, an assistant in all matters, including literary ones.

In the family, Lev Nikolaevich was a domestic tyrant, although in his own way he loved his wife and children. However, he directive method forced others to obey his will.

When he became a vegetarian, involuntarily the whole family stopped eating meat, and when he came to the idea of ​​giving up earthly goods and leaving only wooden shelves in the house, the children had to come to terms with this as well.

Tolstoy Sergey Lvovich.

Count Sergei Lvovich was born in Yasnaya Polyana on June 28, 1863. - composer, musicologist, memoirist; owner s. Nikolsky-Vyazemsky Chernsky district of the Tula province. Wife: 1) from July 9, 1895 Maria Konstantinovna Rachinskaya (September 29, 1865-July 2, 1900, England, buried in the village of Tatevo, Belsky near Smolensk province, now Oleninsky district, Tver region), daughter of Konstantin Aleksandrovich Rachinsky and Maria Alexandrovna Daragan. 2) from June 30, 1906, Countess Maria Nikolaevna Zubova (August 5, 1868-June 22, 1939, Moscow, buried on Vvedensky Square), daughter of Count Nikolai Nikolaevich Zubov and Countess Alexandra Vasilievna Olsufieva.

Children: Count Sergei Sergeevich Tolstoy (August 24, 1897, England - September 18, 1974, Moscow, buried at the Vvedensky cell.), Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department in English Institute of International Relations of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs; memoirist. Wives: 1) since 1918 Maria Alexandrovna Krazhanovskaya (1898-1919); 2) from May 2, 1927, Vera Khrisanfovna Abrikosova (March 27, 1906 - April 29, 1957, Moscow, buried on Vvedensky Square), daughter of Khrisanf Nikolaevich Abrikosov and Princess Natalya Leonidovna Obolenskaya; 3) from July 29, 1966 Raisa Vasilievna Chuchkova (b. 1922); divorced March 14, 1972

He received his initial education at home under the guidance of his parents and invited teachers, both Russian and foreign. He liked to remember that his first teacher and the person who had a great influence on him was his father.

Having passed the matriculation exams at the Tula Gymnasium, in the fall of 1881, Sergei Lvovich entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Department of Natural Sciences, where he mainly studied chemistry. In 1886 he graduated from the university with the title of candidate. From the end of the 1890s. Sergey Lvovich was engaged in musical and composing activities. Sergei Lvovich was also an excellent performer, mainly of classical music. In 1928-1929. taught musical ethnography at the Moscow State Conservatory, was researcher from 1921-1930 State Institute musical science. Since 1922 he was a member of the Union Soviet composers. The Soviet government highly appreciated the merits of S. L. Tolstoy, awarding him the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. At the age of 80, he lost his leg, could hardly move on crutches, lost his hearing and vision. With L. Tolstoy died on the night of December 22-23, 1947 from a stroke, having been ill for only a few days. At his request, he was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow, next to the grave of his wife M. N. Tolstoy

Tolstaya Tatyana Lvovna.

(October 4, 1864 - September 21, 1950). Since 1899 she has been married to Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin. In 1925 she emigrated with her daughter. Daughter Tatyana Mikhailovna Sukhotina-Albertini (November 6, 1905-1996) has been married to Italian Leonardo Albertini since 1930.

She was a talented artist and writer. Father saw in her a resemblance to Sofia Andreevna: “ best pleasure her to mess around with the little ones”, to rejoice at the sight of the joy of others, whom she herself managed to please. “When she is here, I do not notice her only because she is definitely a part of me, as if she is myself. She is very close to me,” said Tolstoy about his eldest daughter.

She received her primary education at home. In 1893-1895. studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Moscow. The author of graphic portraits L.N. Tolstoy (about 30), executed in pencil, charcoal, sanguine. She wrote a number of essays, combined in the book Friends and Guests of Yasnaya Polyana (Moscow, 1923) and other works. From 1914 until the end of 1921 she lived with her daughter in Yasnaya Polyana. She organized a school of drawing and painting in Moscow (1922). In 1917-1923. curator of the museum-estate L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana" In 1923-1925. was the director of the L.N. Tolstoy in Moscow. In the difficult 1920s, years civil war and the formation of a new government, she managed to save many from prison and from death. In 1923 T.L. Sukhotina met the famous Austrian actor Moissi, who staged a performance based on Tolstoy's play The Living Corpse. He persuaded her to leave Russia. Thanks to Masaryk, the President of Czechoslovakia, who knew her father, she obtained the necessary visas and went abroad in 1925 with her twenty-year-old daughter. Lived in Prague, Vienna, Paris, Rome.

“The birth of my daughter Tanya was like a holiday, and her whole life was then for us parents, sheer joy and happiness. None of the children contributed such content, such help, love and diversity as our Tanya. Smart, lively, talented, cheerful and loving, she knew how to arrange a happy spiritual atmosphere around herself, and everyone loved her - family, friends, and strangers ”(Diary of S.A. Tolstoy).

Grandfather with granddaughter Tatyana Mikhailovna Sukhotina-Albertini

Daughter of Tatyana Lvovna - (1905-1996)

Tolstoy Ilya Lvovich.

(May 22, 1866 - December 11, 1933), writer, memoirist. Lev Nikolaevich considered the most literary gifted. Portrait of Ilya as a father: “he invents games himself”, “original in everything”, “studies badly”, “likes to eat and lie down quietly”. The father is already worried: "Ilya will die if he does not have a strict and beloved leader." Ilya left the gymnasium and did not study anywhere after that. He married early. His parents gave him a village. And for some time Ilya enthusiastically "plowed the earth." However, those who did not know the systematic, everyday work for school textbook, began to be burdened by his plowing. Ilya also did not keep his family in his hands. In essence, the “liberation of the spirit” of his father, or in other words, “simplification”, freedom of judgment turned out to be the collapse of Ilya’s life at that time.

And only when, after the revolution of the seventeenth year, he emigrated and ended up in Europe, and then in America without a livelihood, he began to work in earnest for the first time in his life. More than mature. This is where the genes of the father-thinker and the hard-working mother came in handy. Ilya began to write lectures and promote his father's work.

Despite his talent, Ilya did not graduate from high school and entered military service in the Sumy Dragoon Regiment.

He was married by his first marriage (since February 28, 1888) to Sofya Nikolaevna Filosofova (1867-1934). Their children:

He worked alternately as an official, then as a bank employee, then as an agent of the Russian social insurance company, then as an agent for the liquidation of private estates.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Ilya Lvovich settled with his wife Sophia and children in Kaluga, having bought a house in the city center. Sofya Nikolaevna, in order to somehow improve the financial situation of the family, in 1909 went to work at the private women's gymnasium Salovaya, where she led the choir for girls of grades III-V

During World War I he worked for the Red Cross. He tried to become a journalist, in 1915 he founded the newspaper New Russia.

In 1916, Ilya Lvovich left Russia and went to the USA. In America, he married the theosophist Nadezhda Klimentievna Katulskaya (1920) (after Parshin's first husband).

He earned his living by lecturing on the work and worldview of Tolstoy, took part in film adaptations of the novels Anna Karenina and Resurrection, which were unsuccessful.

Tolstoy Lev Lvovich.

(1869-1945), writer, sculptor.

He turned out to be the most talented, he was a musician and portrait painter, sportsman, cavalryman, engaged in his own stories and stories.

Born in 1869 in Yasnaya Polyana in the family of the Russian writer Count Tolstoy.

He graduated from the Polivanov Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. After studying for one year, he switched to historical and philological studies. In the 2nd year of the university, he went to the Samara province to organize assistance to the starving.

From 1893 he developed nervous disease, because of which he had to leave the university.

M. P. Ogranovich diagnosed L. L. Tolstoy with a latent form of malaria and on February 14, 1895 placed him in his sanitary colony near Moscow.

After completing the course of treatment, he went to Finland, and then to Sweden, where he was finally cured by Dr. Ernst Westerlund (1839-1924), whose daughter, Dora, he married in 1896. Their children:

• Leo (1898-1900)
• Pavel (1900-1992), agronomist.
• Nikita (1902-1992), Doctor of Philology and Economics, taught at Uppsala University.
• Peter (1905-1970)
• Nina (1908-1987)
• Sophia (1908-2006), artist
• Fedor (1912-1956)
• Tatiana (1914-2007), artist
• Daria (1915-1970)

The second marriage is with Marianna Nikolaevna Solskaya. Child from this marriage:

Ivan (1924-1945)

He served as a private in the 4th Infantry Battalion of the Imperial Family, but was soon released from military service.

He made his debut in print in 1891 with the children's story "Monte Cristo" ("Spring", 1891, No. 4). After that, he published his articles and stories in the Northern Bulletin, Vestnik Evropy, Novoye Vremya and other publications. Later, some of the works were published as separate books. In 1899 he wrote the story "Chopin's Prelude", in which he argued with his father's "Kreutzer Sonata".

He also did music portraiture and sculpture. In 1908-1909 he studied sculpture in Paris with the famous Auguste Rodin.

Tolstaya Maria Lvovna .

(1871-1906) Buried in the village. Kochaki of the Krapivensky district (modern Tul. region, Shchekinsky district, village of Kochaki). From 1897 married to Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky (1872-1934)

She copied his manuscripts and carried out other instructions from her father, increasingly replacing Sofya Andreevna. In childbirth with Masha, Sofya Andreevna was near death. The girl was born painful. She is two years old, and her father writes about her: "Very smart and ugly." This is despite the fact that her blond hair is curly, and Blue eyes are huge. For the genius of Tolstoy, this two-year-old child is “one of the riddles”, “he will suffer, he will search, he will not find anything; but will always seek the most inaccessible. But he… was wrong.

In the fifth child, Masha, there was a force that tamed a formidable father. None of the children dared to kiss him - Masha dared. No one dared to stroke his hand - only Masha. Everyone is looking up at him. And only Masha showed incredible courage. He will approach him silently, kiss him silently, say a kind word, and his father's wrinkles will be smoothed out. She alone saw in the "lump" of the simple, ordinary person, who in his soul is waiting for the most ordinary: to be pitied and asked: “Dad, are you tired?”

“Each of us would have come out with something unnatural,” Ilya would later write, “but she came out simply and cordially.” Her father expected her to "find nothing" in life. He will not penetrate into the riddle of the meaning of life, but Mashin the genius has comprehended the main thing. She never fought with anyone. The thinnest and most fragile of the sisters, she went with the women to collect hay and bandaged the wounds of their children. She knew how to approach her father, and mother, brothers and sisters. Everyone in the family loved her! Of all the children, she alone did not take sides in the religious and estate war between Lev Nikolaevich and Sofya Andreevna. She simply lived next to them and knew how to relieve loved ones from the tension of a constant battle. Other children, Ilya Lvovich will say, loved their father no less. Moreover, it was Masha who inherited her father's, sensitive and sympathetic conscience. But it was precisely this conscience that prompted her that she should not fight for her principles, but put them into practice by her own example. It is amazing that Lev Nikolaevich did not experiment pedagogically with Masha. Her education and upbringing was more natural, without much pressure from her parents. Masha always stood up for those on whom any criticism fell. Fair or unfair, it doesn't matter. And in this compassion for people, beyond any condemnation of them, her real religiosity was also affected. “Masha knew how to appease everyone,” Ilya will say after her death. She died at the age of thirty-four as a result of pneumonia, in 1906. Four years before my father's death.

Tolstoy Pyotr Lvovich.

Born June 13, 1872 in Yasnaya Polyana, died November 9, 1873 in the same place. Buried at the Kochakovsky cemetery.

Tolstoy Nikolay Lvovich.

Born April 22, 1874 in Yasnaya Polyana, died February 20, 1875 in the same place. Buried at the Kochakovsky cemetery.

Tolstaya Varvara Lvovna.

She was born and died in November 1875 in Yasnaya Polyana. She was buried at the Kochakovsky cemetery.

Tolstoy Andrei Lvovich.

(1877-1916), official for special assignments under the Tula governor.

Volunteer went to the Russo-Japanese War, where he was wounded and received George Cross for courage.

Andrei was a man of impetuous and passionate. Everyone loved him for his generosity, simplicity, kindness and nobility, even those who did not approve of his violent behavior. Brave and self-confident, he crossed the Volga on foot from one bank to another during the ice drift.

A passionate hunter who loves horses, maybe more than people, he bred the famous breed of Oryol trotters. Gentle and soft, like a child, he could easily flare up, be cruel, even rude. But he always repented. Once, angry at the cook who spoiled dinner, he hit him in the face, but after a few seconds, ashamed of his act, he gave him 100 rubles to forgive him, this amount was ten times his monthly salary.

He loved his mother very much, who adored him and forgave him everything. He loved his father, but was afraid of him; it didn't bother him from the very young years defend one's views

He believed that if he was a nobleman, he should enjoy all the privileges and all the advantages of the nobility. He addressed everyone who was below his rank as you, while his father was with everyone as you, except for the friends of his youth.

Of all the passions of Andrei, women were always in the first place. Gifted by nature with an exceptional temperament, from the age of fifteen, to the great chagrin of his father, he spent days and nights in the village of Yasnaya Polyana.

Andrei was not yet eighteen years old when he announced his intention to marry a peasant woman from the village. He dropped out of high school, spent whole nights with gypsies, and led a dispersed lifestyle.

He led a hectic life, spent a lot of money, ran into debts, sent telegrams to his mother demanding large sums money, then went to the Caucasus. In Tiflis in the summer he met Georgian princess Elena Gurieli, fell in love with her, proposed to her, then returned to Moscow, where he met Olga Diterikhs, whom he also fell in love with. The daughter of a general, sister-in-law of Chertkov, a follower of Leo Tolstoy, she was beautiful, intelligent, educated and passionate about Tolstoy's ideas.

Fascinated, like everyone else, by the charm of Andrei, she married him on January 8, 1899 in Tula.

During the first two years of marriage, the couple were happy. Thanks to the beneficial influence of his wife, Andrei calmed down.

Two children were born from this union: Sonya in 1900 and Ilya in 1903. But marriage soon became a torment for them. Their personalities no longer matched. In 1904, Andrei became interested in Anna Tolmacheva, the daughter of General Sobolev, she reciprocated. The wife, having learned about this connection, left with her children for England to her sister. Andrei, completely confused, broke up with Anna and went to the Russo-Japanese War.

In the war, Andrei was wounded, received the St. George Cross for bravery and returned to Yasnaya Polyana.

In 1907, he entered the service of an official for special assignments under the Tula governor, Mikhail Viktorovich Artsimovich.

Andrei fell in love with his wife, not very beautiful, several years older than him. They inspired each other with such reckless passion that she went to Andrey, leaving the house, a desperate husband and six children.

He went to England to his first wife and divorced her. Three months later he married Artsimovich and settled with her in the magnificent Toptykovo estate.

The marriage was relatively happy, and their daughter Maria was born in 1908.

Andrew's business flourished. The stud farm and the management of the estate according to new methods brought him substantial income, to which was added a good salary, which he received as a high-ranking official in the Ministry of the Interior in St. Petersburg.

He fell ill in February 1916 in St. Petersburg, the general infection of the blood carried him to the grave. The funeral was magnificent and magnificent. He was buried at the Nikolsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

With grandchildren Sonya and Ilya in Krekshino

L. N. Tolstoy tells the tale of the cucumber to his grandchildren Ilyusha and Sonya, 1909, Krekshino, photo by V. G. Chertkov. Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya in the future - last wife Sergei Yesenin

Tolstoy Mikhail Lvovich.

(1879-1944) Masterfully played the balalaika, harmonica, piano, he composed romances himself.

Mikhail was a calm, healthy, cheerful child, full of life and who hates controversy. His mother was more involved in his upbringing than his father.

Like all children, Lev Nikolayevich gave Misha lessons in gymnastics and horseback riding, instilling in him a passion for sports.

In Moscow, ten-year-old Misha was enrolled in Polivanov's private gymnasium, where he became friends with Petya Glebov. He invited him to his house for weekly dance lessons, where Mikhail met Lina, Petya's sister. Lina and Misha were imbued with great sympathy for each other. Misha immediately fell in love with her. The next day he said to Petya: "Your sister will be my wife."

The famous choristers of the Chudov Monastery were invited to the solemn wedding in the Kremlin on January 31, 1901.

Before the revolution, their life was similar to the life of the landowners, which Tolstoy described in his novels. For 10,000 rubles, Mikhail bought a thousand hectares of land in Chifirovka4 and actively set about farming.

The family grew rapidly. Ivan was born in 1901, then eight more children, two of whom died in childhood. Tanya, Lyuba, who died young, the twins Vladimir and Alexandra, Peter, Misha, Seryozha and Sonya, the latter, were born in 1915. Profits from the estate were barely enough for a secure lifestyle: an apartment in Moscow, teachers, German and French governesses, numerous servants.

He got busy entrepreneurial activity. To this end, he traveled almost all of central Russia, learned to understand it, fell in love with customs, mores, folk costumes, figurative and vivid folk language.

After some time, he left for Morocco to his sons Vladimir and Peter and to his daughter Tanya, who married Alexander Konstantinovich Lvov.

Vladimir, who had just received his diploma in architecture, worked for the firm of Boyer, who was building the Marhaba Hotel on the Atlantic coast. Petya was a topographer. Alexander Lvov, an employee in the ministry Agriculture Morocco, was first a worker at the Renault factory, then a taxi driver, then he went to study, received a diploma in agronomy at the Grignon school.

Seryozha lived alone in Paris. After graduating from the medical faculty at the Pasteur Institute, he married in January 167 to Olga Vyrubova.

He wrote memoirs about his life in the family circle, without condemning anyone: neither mother nor father.

At the end of 1943, in a village house, an attack of malaria and terrible fatigue confined him to his bed. On October 19, at six o'clock in the evening, he took a deep breath and died in a hospital in Rabat. (Morocco)

He possessed a rare gift to arouse the affection of the most diverse and most unexpected people, from a simple tavern owner, an Arab or a Jew from the market, who endowed him with the gift of providence, to the most refined representatives of the bourgeoisie and nobility. A brilliant socialite, he was at home in any society, he knew how to conduct a conversation with people so perfectly, creating an atmosphere in which everyone could show their best side.

His courageous and a strong character was not free from weaknesses, his love of life did not protect him from the temptations that overcame him, but his absolute and intellectual honesty saved him from the slightest baseness. He was nobility itself.

Tolstoy Alexey Lvovich.

Born October 31, 1881 in Moscow, died January 18, 1886 in the same place. Buried in the cemetery at Nikolsky near Pokrovsky-Streshnev near Moscow, since 1932 - at the Kochakovsky cemetery.

Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna.

Alexandra, was the support and support of Lev Nikolaevich in the last years of his life, when he almost did not communicate with Sofia Andreevna. She main enemy mother and father's comrade-in-arms, a real "hoodie", suffered from tuberculosis and survived.

She received an excellent home education. In the family, the girl was called Sasha. Her mentors were governesses and older sisters, who worked with her more than Sofya Andreevna. Her father had little contact with her as a child.

When Alexandra was 16 years old, she became closer to her father. Since then, she devoted her whole life to him. She performed secretarial work, wrote his diary under the dictation of her father, mastered shorthand, typewriting. According to Tolstoy's will, Alexandra Lvovna received copyright on literary heritage father .

At the very beginning of the First World War, she graduated from the courses of sisters of mercy and went voluntarily to the front, served in the Caucasian nurse and the North-Western fronts (head of the military medical detachment). On November 21, 1915, the Main Committee of the All-Russian Zemsky Union for Assistance to the Sick and Wounded (VZS) elected Alexandra Tolstaya as its representative. Alexandra Lvovna worked almost without rest. She was awarded the St. George medal of the 4th and 3rd degrees. Was wounded. After October revolution 1917 Tolstaya did not want to come to terms with new government which brutally persecuted dissenters. Being a passionate human rights activist, Alexandra Lvovna could not remain silent and openly spoke out against violence.

In 1920, she was arrested by the Cheka, was a defendant in the case of the "Tactical Center" in the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal. She was sentenced to three years in prison, which she served in the camp of the Novospassky Monastery. Thanks to the petition of the peasants of Yasnaya Polyana, she was released ahead of schedule in 1921, she returned to her native estate, and after the corresponding decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, she became the curator of the museum. She organized a cultural and educational center in Yasnaya Polyana, opened a school, a hospital, and a pharmacy.

In 1924, slanderous articles about Alexandra Lvovna began to appear in the press, in which she was accused of misconduct. In 1929 she left Soviet Union, having gone to Japan, then to the USA.

Abroad, she lectured about her father at many universities. In 1939, she organized and headed the Tolstoy Foundation, which was involved in helping Russian refugees, whose branches are now located in many countries.

She became a US citizen in 1941.

In subsequent years, she helped many Russian emigrants. In 1952, she headed the Public Council of the Chekhov Publishing House established in New York.

In November 1956, during the entry of troops into Hungary at a mass rally in Madison Square Garden, Alexandra Tolstaya spoke in Russian with an appeal that was broadcast on Radio Liberty. In the Soviet Union, Alexandra Tolstaya was removed from all photographs and newsreels, her name was not mentioned in notes and memoirs, excursion stories and museum exhibits.

She died on September 26, 1979 at Valley Cottage, New York, at the age of 95.

Compositions

From memories. 1931-1933. Paris. // Modern notes. - 1920.

On the departure and death of Leo Tolstoy. - Tula, 1928.

Predawn fog. Novel. // New Journal (New York). - 1942. - No. 1, 2, 3. (Unfinished)

Father. Life of Leo Tolstoy. - New York, 1953.

Glimpses in the dark. - Washington, 1965.

Daughter. - London, 1979.

Tolstoy Ivan Lvovich

(March 31, 1888 in Moscow, in the Khamovniki house-1895) Very similar in appearance to Lev Nikolaevich and Masha, the same blond and light-eyed, affectionate, very pure, affectionate child. When he, the heir of Yasnaya Polyana, who died of scarlet fever, was buried, Lev Nikolaevich said: "This is a hopeless grief." Ilya Lvovich, already an elderly man, will draw the following conclusion: that if Masha and Vanya, the most beloved, by both father and mother, had survived, the spouses would not have parted!

Tolstoy taught his son to speak, read, he himself read fairy tales to him, which Vanechka then retold with invented new details. The books of Jules Verne enjoyed great success in the family, whom Tolstoy liked primarily as a skillful popularizer of knowledge.

Vanechka learned to read and write using Tolstoy's ABC, which still lies on the table in his children's room in his Moscow home to this day. He showed great abilities in the study of foreign languages: at the age of 6 he was fluent in English, understood French and German languages. He loved to draw, was very musical, plastic, danced well.

From time to time, Tolstoy set more and more difficult tasks for his son: Vanechka himself must clean his bed, table, toys, without complicating the nanny.

This child had an innate sense of justice. He could not bear to be angry in front of him. He always stood up for his sister Sasha if her older brothers offended her, stood up for the nanny when her mother was angry with her.

Vanechka was very fond of writing letters - first from dictation, then by himself to his family and friends. He had an undoubted gift of artistic imagination, like a little storyteller telling about the events and experiences of his childhood life. All this bright, bright world of childhood life lost its colors when Vanechka was sick. He was sick often. The year 1895 became tragic in the life of the Tolstoy family. Since the beginning of the year, Vanechka has been unwell all the time. On February 20, he fell ill with scarlet fever. February 23, 1895 Vanya Tolstoy died. He was 6 years, 10 months and 22 days old.

Sons of Leo Tolstoy, 1903

His eldest sons Sergei and Ilya, daughters Tatyana and Alexandra left behind memoirs that have been translated into many languages ​​of the world.

As of 2010, there were a total of more than 350 descendants of Leo Tolstoy (including both living and already deceased), who lived in 25 countries of the world. Most of them are descendants of Leo Tolstoy, who had 10 children, the third son of Leo Nikolayevich. Since 2000, Yasnaya Polyana has hosted meetings of the writer's descendants every two years.

Lev Lvovich Tolstoy was born on May 20, 1869 in Yasnaya Polyana. He was the fourth child in the family. Lev Nikolaevich wrote about the three-year-old son Leo: “Pretty, dexterous, memoryful, graceful…”.

Little Leva grew up in close contact with his older brothers and sister. The personality of his father had the greatest influence on him. From the book of memories:

“In early childhood, I adored my father, loved the smell of his beard, loved his hands and voice ... As a child, he often carried me on his shoulders around the rooms of the house ... he often played with me ... Only by the age of 17-18, just at that time the time when my father was going through his religious crisis, I began to treat him more consciously and looked for answers in him to the life that was unfolding before me ... ".

Lev Lvovich in his youth actually repeated his father's youth. Leo Tolstoy wrote in his diary:

“In order to live honestly, you need to tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit and start again and quit again, and always fight and lose, and peace is a spiritual meanness.”

And the son followed this principle. Without graduating from university, he took up self-education. Living in Yasnaya Polyana, he became interested in farming and transforming the life of serfs. Not satisfied with this work, he entered the army. Having become a writer, about whom all of Russia spoke, he became interested in the problems of public education and opened his own school. He served as a conciliator, juror in court. And all this can be considered the universities of Leo Tolstoy, the main subject in which was life. Lev Lvovich, like his father, at the university was transferred from one faculty to another and, without graduating from it, like his father, after leaving the university, tried to make military career. Unlike his father, he served for a very short time, but managed to undermine his health. But the main thing is his literary activity in which he wanted to surpass his father.

Friends of the family often visited the Tolstoy house: the poet Fet, the vice-governor of Tula Urusov, the writer Turgenev, the artists Kramskoy and Repin. Their conversations with Tolstoy influenced the formation of the personality of his children.

He wrote his first stories while still a student. In 1891, his stories "Montecristo" and "Love" were published in the magazines "Rodnik" and "Books of the Week" under the pseudonym Lvov L.

In the period from 1893 to 1896, after realizing the futility of many of his undertakings, Lev Lvovich fell into depression. He was treated by various doctors in Moscow and St. Petersburg. On the recommendation of doctors, in 1896 Tolstoy was sent for treatment to Finland, to the clinic of Dr. Westerlund, whose method contributed to his physical recovery. His spiritual revival occurred due to his marriage to the daughter of his doctor, Dora Feodorovna. The Fat Ones arrived in Yasnaya Polyana on September 1, 1896.

The family life of Leo and Dora Tolstoy in the first decade after marriage proceeded quite well.

Dora had to get used to the new conditions of life for her in the Russian village, where everything was different. Dora wrote:

“Last night a large crowd of women from the village came flooding in. They danced, sang and called Lyova and me loudly. Finally, they gave me a colorfully dressed rooster and a handkerchief full of eggs. For this they were given 4 rubles (obviously, the main purpose of their visit) and, finally, they were sent home. Everything was very solemn. But I was completely deaf from all this noise. What a lively people they are, but, God forbid, what a messy one! I don't want to talk about this house and the estate, about everything here, but, between us, it's not very neat here, but the village OH! OH! OH! Little untidy houses with thatched roofs and little, little rooms filled with people and all sorts of things.

The young people were provided with the Kuzminsky wing, previously repaired by the young owner. Lev Lvovich went headlong into the arrangement of his family nest. He recalled this:

“In the same winter, Dora's dowry came from Sweden, and I sent about thirty peasant sleighs for him to the Shchekino station. When all this long convoy was going up to the estate of Yasnaya Polyana along Prishpekt ... Lev Nikolayevich himself, going out for his walk, accidentally met him and was shocked by his appearance. "What it is?" he asked the men in surprise. “Dowry of the young Countess Dora Feodorovna. Le Lölich hired us." Father looked in horror at the mountains of things, shook his head and silently walked on. In the evening, with bitterness and condemnation, he reproached me for bringing so many unnecessary things to Yasnaya. “Why all these things? More luxury next to poverty?

I explained that Dora needed them and that they were her dowry. Among all these things, he later especially hated the antimacassars with which Dora covered the backs of her chairs to save them from fat necks. The poor antimakasars were for my father a symbol of insane and harmful European culture.

All these years, despite the morbid condition, Lev Lvovich continued to search for himself in the literary field. He wrote stories, novels, stories for children, published in various magazines. He enters the literary circles of Russia, gets acquainted with writers, publishers of various magazines.

Count Tolstoy did not always like what came out of his son's pen. But soon Tolstoy and his son improved relations. Although Leo Tolstoy could not accept the luxury of the environment in which his son's family lived, he tried to restrain himself. When in March 1900 Lev Lvovich returned to Yasnaya Polyana after a short absence, Tolstoy wrote to his brother:

“Leva arrived yesterday. He took his sick wife with children to his father-in-law in Sweden and came himself. He is a strict vegetarian, hygienist, sleeps with open windows and healthy. But the good thing, the main thing, is that he is very good-natured and gentle, and I feel good with him.

And to the works of his son Tolstoy became more indulgent.

In Yasnaya Polyana, the Tolstoys lived intermittently: they traveled to Moscow, Sweden, Italy, France, and St. Petersburg. In 1898, their first child was born, named Leo. The joy of communicating with the first-born was short-lived - in 1900 the child died ...

The famous photo "Three Lions". Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, his son Lev Lvovich and grandson Lev. Photo of 1898 from the archive of the Yasnaya Polyana Museum

Tolstoy wrote and published a lot, his plays were staged on theater stages. In 1904, he founded the Good Deed bookstore and warehouse and bought a house in the center of St. Petersburg. Together with his family, he often traveled to Sweden, where his sons and daughters were born. Russia, no matter how hard Dora Fyodorovna tried to understand and love her, remained a foreign land for her.

Fact

"Chopin Prelude"

In 1898, Lev Lvovich wrote the story "Chopin's Prelude", already the title of which resembles his father's story "The Kreutzer Sonata". Back in the early 90s, the young count tried to follow what his father called for in the story: live in peace, do not smoke, do not drink wine, respect female beauty. Almost 10 years later, his views changed and in Chopin's Prelude he criticized his father's views. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “Lyova started talking about his story. I told him painfully that it was just uncivilized (his favorite) what he did, not to mention that it was stupid and mediocre.

“My sculpture is moving. They praise me. If God gives me strength, I will leave more in sculpture than in literature.” On April 5, 1911, he wrote to Yasnaya Polyana from New York: “I donated a bronze bust of my father to the local museum. Accepted with gratitude. I sold my father's other head to a bronze shop, the best in America. Everyone sincerely loves and understands the father.”

During his visits to Yasnaya Polyana, he made a bust of the cook Rumyantsev (pictured).

In 1909 family life the count was under threat. In a Parisian art workshop, he fell in love with Gisele Bunod Varilla.

A double life began between the family and new love. Dora was very worried. Communication with Giselle lasted about a year ... But soon life went back to normal.

Dora Fedorovna and Lev Lvovich Tolstoy in Egypt. Photograph 1904

After the death of his father, Lev Lvovich decided to put an end to overseas life and settle in Petersburg. But he did not receive satisfaction from a measured lifestyle. On January 17, 1912, he wrote to his mother from St. Petersburg:

“... Our life goes on as usual. The children are learning, the Russian language is getting better for Petya and partly for Nina. The elders speak and study quite well. They are highly praised at the Tenishevsky School. I'm still bad. Bad, God knows why. Everything seems to be for nothing, except for the family. But one family is not enough again ... Half-life ... ".

At this time, he found an outlet in his "empty and soulless" life in card game. On one of his visits to Yasnaya Polyana in 1914, Sofya Andreevna wrote in her diary: “Dora says that Lyova lost about 50 thousand. Poor, pregnant, caring Dora!”

When did the first World War, Dora Fedorovna left for Sweden with her children, and Lev Lvovich, under the influence of patriotic feelings, remained in Russia. The departure of his wife greatly cooled Tolstoy's feelings, but he continued to communicate with his family, traveled to Sweden, met with the children. Dora Fedorovna still harbored hope for the possibility of saving her family, she came to Russia. But the heart of her husband was already taken by another woman, the former governess of the children of his brother Mikhail Tolstoy, Madeleine. Communication with her was short-lived.

On September 22, 1918, Tolstoy received permission to enter Sweden for two days to see his children. On September 24, 1918, he left Petrograd, and with it Russia forever. After meeting with his family, Tolstoy moved to Germany. Here he had to earn his livelihood literary work, and then the service on railway. At this time, he was no longer alone. After a divorce from Dora Fedorovna in 1916 and a break in relations with Madeleine, he married Marianna Solskaya and had a son, Ivan, from her. But this marriage did not bring him joy and already in 1923 broke up.

Lev Lvovich wanted to reunite with his family, but Dora Feodorovna found it impossible. She did not want to see him even when, after a car accident, she lay motionless until her death in 1933. Not only ex-wife but the children did not want to meet him.

Of all his children, Lev Lvovich corresponded only with his second son Nikita. In 1936, Nikita Tolstoy and other children of Leo Lvovich insisted on the arrival of their father in Sweden. After some hesitation, he accepted their offer. By this time, Tolstoy already had five grandchildren: the son of Peter - Leo and Peter and the daughter of Nina had three sons: Christian, Wilhelm and Stefan.

The wedding of the daughter of Tatyana Tolstaya and Herman Paus. Lev Lvovich Tolstoy is second to the left of his daughter. Photo 1940

After 18 years of wandering, Lev Lvovich regained his big family. He continued to visit Paris and Rome, lived in expensive hotels, played. The last years of his life he tried to continue to engage in literature, sculpture, painting. In a letter to his son Nikita, he, as it were, summed up his existence: “My life was unlucky or dissolute and bad.” In the winter of 1938, being already sick and old, Lev Lvovich decided to finally settle in Sweden. He died in Helsingborg on October 18, 1945.

do you know that

Leo Lvovich Tolstoy had ten children.

From marriage with Dora Fedorovna Westerlund:

• Leo (1898-1900)
• Pavel (1900-1992), agronomist,
• Nikita (1902-1992), Doctor of Philology and Economics, taught at Uppsala University,
• Peter (1905-1970),
• Nina (1908-1987),
• Sophia (1908-2006), artist,
• Fedor (1912-1956),
• Tatiana (1914-2007), artist,
• Daria (1915-1970).

From marriage with Marianna Nikolaevna Solskaya:

• Ivan (1924-1945).

More than a hundred years have passed since the great Leo Tolstoy passed away, but his personal life is still hotly discussed. IN Lately the position is popular: Tolstoy was a sufferer in his house, and his wife, who did not understand him, achieved only that he left. But in reality, everything was much more complicated ...

After the first sex, he said: "Not that!"

With the family of Lyubov Bers, who had three daughters, Tolstoy was familiar from childhood. But in his youth, he was passionate about learning languages, organizing schools, war, becoming himself as a writer ... And only at the age of 34 he decided to marry 18-year-old Sonya Bers. Tolstoy chose his wife not only with his heart, but also with his mind, he was looking for a creature that would obey his ideas.

Tolstoy honestly told the bride about his premarital affairs, he wanted there to be no deceit between them. However, the close relationship of the spouses did not immediately develop, the first entry of the young husband in the diary the next morning: “Not that!”

Sofya Tolstaya was a well-educated young lady, accustomed to going out into the world, playing the piano, and guests. And her husband locked her for nineteen years in Yasnaya Polyana, in his family estate. At the same time, Sofya Andreevna, like all women of that time, gave birth "a child a year." In total, she gave birth to thirteen children, five of whom died in childhood. Because of the inflammation of the mammary glands, it was difficult for her to feed, she did it anyway, primarily at the insistence of her husband, who did not recognize the nurses. The first fifteen years the couple lived quietly and happily. Tolstoy listened to the opinion of Sofya Andreevna and it was at her request that he acquired a house in Khamovniki in 1882, where they soon moved. It was in this house that dramatic events unfolded ...

Because of the father, the daughter slept on the boards

Tolstoy is over 60 years old. It seemed that at that age it was just right to warm up by the fireplace, surrounded by children and grandchildren. But just during this period, the writer happened spiritual crisis and the desire to rethink your life. Lev Nikolaevich suddenly came to the conclusion that all the excesses and advantages of the upper class are evil! Soon they began to call him the “count-muzhik” because he himself chopped wood, carried water, was engaged in crafts, walked in simple peasant clothes. Unfortunately, neither his wife nor most of the children could agree with him on this. Tolstoy constantly quarreled with his older sons, and reproached the younger ones for excessive spoilage and laziness. Eldest daughter Tatyana, talented artist, dreamed of going out into the world, hosted the creative elite. Only daughter Mary followed her father, becoming a true ascetic. The girl slept on boards, did not eat meat, worked hard day and night ... When she died of pneumonia in 1906, it was a huge blow to her father. Only she understood when Tolstoy said in his hearts: - It is very hard in the family. I can't sympathize with them! All the joys of children: the exam, the successes of the world, music, the atmosphere - I consider all this a misfortune and evil for them! And the creator and center of this "evil" was Sofya Andreevna, on whom all household concerns lay. She happily created coziness, which irritated her husband. From time to time Tolstoy began to shout that the family was too accustomed to excesses. He said that all property must be distributed. That it is not good to use the labor of servants. The final blow to the family was the death of 8-year-old son Vanechka. He was a truly unusual boy, deeply understanding, kind, God-given. He reconciled everyone in the family. When he died of scarlet fever, Sofya Andreevna almost lost her mind. And Lev Nikolaevich wrote in his diary: "Nature tries to give the best and, seeing that the world is not yet ready for them, takes them back."

Thanked his wife only after death

In the spring of 1901, having lost hope of understanding his family and tired of city life, he left his Moscow home, returning to Yasnaya Polyana. The writer began to openly criticize the authority of the Orthodox Church.

He recognized only five commandments, which, in his opinion, were the true precepts of Christ and which guided his life: do not fall into anger; do not give in to lust; do not bind yourself with oaths; do not resist evil; be equally good with the righteous and the unrighteous.

Relations with his wife became cold. Sofya Andreevna was accused by many of not wanting to follow her husband and “walk in rags,” but she had her own truth.

“He expected from me, my poor, dear husband, that spiritual unity, which was almost impossible with my material life and worries from which it was impossible and nowhere to escape, - she later wrote in her memoirs. “I would not have been able to share his spiritual life in words, but to put it into practice, to break it, dragging a whole large family behind me, was unthinkable, and beyond my strength!”

Not to mention the fact that Tolstaya raised so many children, she very seriously helped her husband in her work, copying by hand drafts of his works (thousands of pages), negotiating with publishers. Was the author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace grateful to her for all this? Of course, but Sofya Andreevna was convinced of this already after the death of her husband, when she was given a letter where the writer summed up their life together: “The fact that I left you does not prove that I was dissatisfied with you ... I do not blame you, on the contrary, I remember with gratitude the long 35 years of our life! It's not my fault... I have changed, but not for myself, not for people, but because I can't do otherwise! I can't blame you for not following me."

Tolstoy died in 1910 at the age of 82. Sofya Andreevna survived her husband by nine years. It was thanks to her that many things from the house were preserved, which can now be seen in the writer's house-museum in Khamovniki.

Marina Klimenkova.

TOLSTOVSKOYE TRIBE: HOW THE FATE OF 13 CHILDREN OF LEO TOLSTOY HAPPENED. Leo Tolstoy had 13 children - Sofya Andreevna gave birth to the writer 9 sons and 4 daughters. How did their fate develop and what trace did they leave in history?

Unfortunately, 5 out of 13 children died early: Peter lived a little over a year, Nikolai - less than a year, Varvara - a few days, Alexey died at 4 years old, Ivan - at 6 years old. The youngest, Ivan, was unusually similar to his father. His blue-grey eyes were said to see and understand more than he could put into words. Tolstoy believed that it was this son who would continue his work. However, fate decreed otherwise - the child died of scarlet fever.

SERGEY LVOVITCH (1863-1947) Tolstoy described his eldest son as follows: “The eldest, blond, is not bad. There is something weak and patient in the expression and very meek… Everyone says he looks like my older brother. I'm afraid to believe. It would be too good. The main feature of the brother was not selfishness and not self-sacrifice, but a strict middle ... Seryozha is smart - a mathematical mind and sensitive to art, he studies perfectly, he is dexterous in jumping, gymnastics; but gauche (clumsy, fr.) and distracted. Sergei Lvovich was the only one of all the writer's children who survived the October Revolution in his homeland. He seriously studied music, was a professor at the Moscow Conservatory and one of the founders of the Leo Tolstoy Museum in Moscow, took part in commenting Complete collection father's writings. Also known as the author of musical works: "Twenty-seven Scottish Songs", "Belgian Songs", "Hindu Songs and Dances"; wrote romances based on poems by Pushkin, Fet, Tyutchev. He died in 1947 at the age of 84.

TATYANA LVOVNA (1864-1950) Tatyana, like her sisters Maria and Alexandra, was a follower of Tolstoy's teachings. From mother eldest daughter the writer inherited practicality, the ability to do a variety of things, like her mother, she loved toilets, entertainment and was not without vanity. She inherited the ability to write from her father and became a writer. In 1925, together with her daughter, Tatyana Lvovna went abroad, lived in Paris, where Bunin, Morois, Chaliapin, Stravinsky, Alexander Benois and many other representatives of culture and art. From Paris, she moved to Italy, where she spent the rest of her life.

ILYA LVOVICH (1866-1933) Description of Leo Tolstoy: “Ilya, the third ... Broad-haired, white, ruddy, shining. He studies badly. Always thinks about what he is not told to think about. He invents games himself. Accurate, thrifty, "mine" is very important to him. Hot and violent (impetuous), now to fight; but also gentle and very sensitive. Sensual - loves to eat and lie down calmly ... Everything that is forbidden has charm for him ... Ilya will die if he does not have a strict and beloved leader. Ilya did not finish the gymnasium, he worked alternately as an official, then as a bank employee, then as an agent of the Russian social insurance company, then as an agent for the liquidation of private estates. During World War I he worked for the Red Cross. In 1916, Ilya Lvovich left for the United States, where until the end of his life he earned money by lecturing on Tolstoy's work and worldview.

LEV LVOVICH (1869-1945) Lev Lvovich was one of the most talented in the family. Tolstoy himself described his son as follows: “Pretty: dexterous, understanding, graceful. Every dress sits as it is sewn on it. Everything that others do, he does, and everything is very clever and good. I don't quite understand yet." In his youth, he was fond of his father's ideas, but over time he switched to anti-Tolstoy, patriotic and monarchist positions. In 1918, without waiting for his arrest, he emigrated. He lived in France and Italy, in 1940 he finally settled in Sweden. In exile, he continued to engage in creativity. The works of Lev Lvovich were translated into French, German, Swedish, Hungarian and Italian.

MARIA LVOVNA (1871 - 1906) When she was two years old, Lev Nikolaevich described her as follows: “Weak, sick child. Like milk, white body, curly white hairs; big, strange, blue eyes: strange in their deep, serious expression. Very smart and ugly. This will be one of the mysteries. He will suffer, he will search, he will not find anything; but will always seek the most inaccessible. Sharing the views of her father, she refused secular trips; She devoted a lot of energy to educational work. Having passed away early, at the age of 35, Maria Lvovna was remembered by her contemporaries as “ good man who did not see happiness. Maria Lvovna was well-read, fluent in several foreign languages, played music. When she received a diploma as a teacher, she organized her own school, in which both peasant children and adults were engaged. Her obsession sometimes frightened loved ones, a young fragile woman traveled to remote settlements in any weather, independently driving a horse and overcoming snow drifts. In November 1906, Maria Lvovna fell ill: her temperature suddenly rose sharply, pain appeared in her shoulder. Doctors diagnosed pneumonia. According to Sofya Andreevna, "no measures weakened the strength of the disease." All week, while the woman was in a semi-conscious state, her parents and husband were nearby; Tolstoy held his daughter's hand until the last minutes.

ANDREI LVOVICH (1877 - 1916) He loved his mother very much, she adored him and forgave her son everything. Father appreciated Andrey's kindness, argued that this was “the most expensive and important quality which is dearer than all in the world, ”and advised him to apply his ideas for the benefit of the people. However, Andrei Lvovich did not share the views of his father, believing that if he is a nobleman, then he should enjoy all the privileges and advantages that his position gives him. Tolstoy resolutely disapproved of his son's lifestyle, but said of him: "I don't want to love him, but I love him because he is genuine and doesn't want to seem different." Andrei took part in the Russo-Japanese War with the rank of non-commissioned officer as a mounted orderly. In the war he was wounded, received the St. George Cross for bravery. In 1907, he entered the service of an official for special assignments under the Tula governor, Mikhail Viktorovich Artsimovich, who maintained excellent relations with Lev Nikolaevich. Andrei fell in love with his wife, she soon went to Andrei, leaving the house, a desperate husband and six children. In February 1916, in St. Petersburg, Andrei had a dream a strange dream which he told his brother. He saw himself dead in a dream, in a coffin that was carried out of the house. He attended his own funeral. In the huge crowd following the coffin, he saw Minister Krivoshein, his head of the Ministry of the Interior in St. Petersburg, and his beloved gypsies, whose singing he was very fond of. A few days later he died from blood poisoning.

MIKHAIL LVOVICH (1879 - 1944) Mikhail was gifted musically. From childhood, he was very fond of music, masterfully learned to play the balalaika, harmonica, piano, composed romances, learned to play the violin. Despite his dream of becoming a composer, Mikhail followed in his father's footsteps and chose a military career. During the First World War, he served in the 2nd Dagestan Regiment of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division. In 1914-1917. participated in the battles on the South-Western Front. He was presented for awarding the Order of St. Anne 4th degree. In 1920 he emigrated, eventually settling in Morocco, where he died. It was in this country that Mikhail wrote his only literary work: a memoir describing how the Tolstoy family lived in Yasnaya Polyana, this novel was called Mitya Tiverin. In the novel, he also recalled that family and country that could no longer be returned. Mikhail Lvovich died in Morocco in 1944.

ALEXANDRA LVOVNA (1884 - 1979) She was a difficult child. The governesses and older sisters did more with her than Sofya Andreevna and Lev Nikolaevich. However, at the age of 16, she became closer to her father, since then she devoted her whole life to him: she performed secretarial work, mastered shorthand, typewriting. According to Tolstoy's will, Alexandra Lvovna received copyright for her father's literary heritage. After the October Revolution of 1917, Alexandra Tolstaya did not want to come to terms with the new government, which brutally persecuted dissidents. In 1920, the Cheka was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. Thanks to the petition of the peasants of Yasnaya Polyana, she was released ahead of schedule in 1921, she returned to her native estate, and after the corresponding decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, she became the curator of the museum. She organized a cultural and educational center in Yasnaya Polyana, opened a school, a hospital, and a pharmacy. In 1929 she left the Soviet Union, went to Japan, then to the USA, where she lectured about her father at many universities. In 1941, she became a US citizen and in subsequent years helped many Russian emigrants settle in the US, where she herself died on September 26, 1979 at the age of 95. In the Soviet Union, Alexandra Tolstaya was removed from all photographs and newsreels, her name was not mentioned in notes and memoirs, excursion stories and museum exhibits.