A man of unbending will Sholokhov is the fate of man. Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich - the fate of man

Lecture plan
Topic: "... This Russian man, a man of unbending will ...". Analysis of M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man"
Type of lesson: lecture-research with elements of a workshop
Target:
Didactic:
- introduce students to the history of writing a story,
- give some biographical information about M.A. Sholokhov
- to teach the ability to analyze the work, to show the role of the detail in the text,
- develop skills independent work with the text, the ability to express and argue one's opinion;
- to promote the development of research training activities.
Educational:
- to promote the upbringing of spirituality;
- to cultivate love for the Motherland and respect for its difficult fate,
- instill interest in the study of Russian literature.
Methods and techniques:
I. By sources of knowledge
Verbal: oral (story, conversation, explanation), with the printed word (reading aloud, working with additional literature).
Visual:
Presentation, fragments of film.
Practical:
Analysis of the story through "immersion in the text".
II. By the nature of the cognitive activity of students
Explanatory-illustrative
reproductive
Problem statement
Partial search
Didactic teaching aids: M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", computer, presentation, cutting fragments from the film "The Fate of a Man".
Interdisciplinary connections: history, cultural studies.
Literature:
1.Basic:
Vashchenko A.V. The concept of post-war man: E. Hemingway's story "The Old Man and the Sea" and M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" // Russia and the West: Dialogue of Cultures. Issue. 7. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1999. - 296 p. - ISBN 5-88091-114-4.
Leiderman N. L. "Monumental story" by M. Sholokhov // Leiderman N. L. Russian literary classic XX century. - Ekaterinburg: 1996. - S. 217-245. - ISBN 5-7186-0083-X.
Pavlovsky A. Russian character (about the hero of M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man") // The problem of character in modern Soviet literature. - M.-L., 1962.
Larin B. The story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" (Analysis of Form) // Neva. - 1959. - No. 9.
2.Optional:
R. V. Nekhaev. To the study at school of M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" Biryukov F. Artistic discoveries of Mikhail Sholokhov. - M., 1976.
Britikov A.F. Mastery of Mikhail Sholokhov. - M., 1995.
Khvatov A. Art world Sholokhov. - 3rd ed. - M., 1976.
Lecture lesson structure
1. Organizational part.
1) Visit control.
2) Readiness to perceive the lesson.
2. Communication of the topic, goals and main tasks of the lesson.
3.Updating basic knowledge students:
- name the names of poets and front-line writers known to you;
- what do you know about M. Sholokhov?
- what works of M. Sholokhov are you familiar with?
4.Motivation learning activities students
The motherland is like a huge tree on which there are no leaves to count. And everything that we do good, adds strength to it. But not every tree has roots. Without roots, even a slight wind would have knocked it down. Roots feed the tree and bind it to the ground. Roots are what we lived yesterday, a year ago, a hundred, a thousand years ago. This is our history. (We will talk about the Great Patriotic War)
5. Structural elements of the lesson, which ensure the achievement of didactic and educational goals, their content and sequence
Lecture plan:
The history of the creation of the work.
The composition of the work.
Biography of Andrei Sokolov.
Emotional characteristics of the characters.
Vanya's image.
Colors in the story.
Analysis of the final episode of the story.
Lexical analysis of the work.
Lecture content
1. The history of the creation of the work.
When did the Great Patriotic War, the writer was already 36 years old. He had seen a lot at the time. The civil war, the devastation of the lands on the Don ... During the war, M.A. Sholokhov goes to the front, works as a correspondent. Gets injured. In 1942, his 75-year-old mother died from a bomb explosion. All these events formed the basis of his most significant works: “Virgin Soil Upturned”, “Don Stories”, “They Fought for the Motherland”, “The Fate of a Man”, “Quiet Don”. For the last epic novel, the writer receives the Nobel Prize in 1965.
At first postwar year(1946) on a hunt with Sholokhov, such an incident occurred. There was a big spring flood. Sholokhov was sitting near the wattle fence at the river crossing, resting. A man with a boy approached him, mistook him by his clothes and hands in fuel oil for “his brother-chauffeur”, told about the painful fate. She excited Sholokhov. Then he decided to write a story. But only 10 years later he turned to this plot and wrote The Fate of Man in a week. In 1956, under the very New Year, Pravda printed the beginning of the story. And January 1, 1957 - its end. It became an event in the life of the country. There was a stream of letters from readers to the editor, on the radio, to the village of Veshenskaya. Not even the famous ones are left out. foreign writers Erich Maria Remarque and Ernest Hemingway, whose work reflected the theme of war, the truth of the First World War.
“We see with you guys that they perceived this story in different ways, that they argued about it. This is proof that he did not have indifferent readers, because the problem of this work is close to everyone. "Almost every family in our country came to the end of the war with losses. So I think: how much strength it took to start all over again ... I saw these burned to the ground villages, farms, villages, villages, cities, I saw devastation, desertion," - said the writer E.G. Levitskaya. Why is the story about her?
Help for the teacher:
(Evgenia Grigorievna Levitskaya was born in 1880. Member of the CPSU since 1903. She lived a difficult but glorious life, fought for the freedom of her people, for their rights; she was exiled with her children into exile. With her dedication, the writer, as it were, recalls that it is impossible unravel the mystery of the greatness and tragic beauty of the character of the hero, his fate apart from the fate of the people and the Motherland.
Learned M.A. Sholokhov, when she headed the department of the Moskovsky Rabochiy publishing house. In this publishing house in 1929 the novel Quiet Flows the Don was published. Evgenia Grigoryevna was delighted with the novel. Then their correspondence began. Levitskaya became a kind and wise mentor for Sholokhov. Friendly correspondence continued until the end of Evgenia Grigorievna's life. She repeatedly came to visit the writer in Veshenskaya.
2. Composition of the work
What can you say about the composition of this work?
Why did the author need this?
(The author uses a special compositional technique- a story within a story. This allows you to get acquainted with the confession of A. Sokolov, who survived all the troubles, torments and sufferings that fell to his lot, this is like a first-hand story, so it is reliable.) short story Sholokhov traced the whole life, the whole fate of the hero, "a simple Soviet man."
Update:
What is a character?
Character - a set of mental, spiritual properties of a person, found in his behavior; person with character a strong character(Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary Russian language).
Reading an excerpt from the story "Russian character", which is included in the collection "Stories of Ivan Sudarev"
"Russian character. Go ahead and describe it. Can you talk about heroic deeds? But there are so many of them that you get confused - which one to prefer. This is where a friend of mine rescued me. a little history from personal life.
And in Sholokhov's story, we also hear Andrei Sokolov's story about his life...
What is fate?
FATE
1. A course of events that develops independently of the will of a person, a combination of circumstances
2.Fate, share, life path.
3. The future, what will happen will happen.
4. You won't have to, you won't be able to do anything.
We see the word fate is multi-valued, in what sense is this word used in the title of the story? (2)
What kind of character should a Russian person have in order to overcome the moral trials sent by fate?
What could I keep in my soul main character?
What are the main milestones in the fate of A. Sokolov? What helped the hero survive?
This is our conversation today.
3. Biography of Andrei Sokolov
In presenting Sokolov's biography to the reader, the author arranges in it such time stages that make it possible to see the main stages of the path traveled by the whole country. What are these stages?
Compilation of the chronology
Civil War (fought in the Red Army) - 1922
Terrible famine ("Ishachit kulaks in the Kuban").
Mirnaya family life(until 1941).
June 1941 - on the third day he went to the front.
1942 - 1944 - is captured.
May 1945 - Meets victory in Germany.
1946 - meeting with Vanyusha, the beginning of a new life.
How many parts can Andrey Sokolov's story about his life be divided into? (Into three parts: before the war, war, after the war).
How did our hero live before the war? In what does Sokolov see his happiness in pre-war life?
BEFORE THE WAR “…At first my life was ordinary…” Attitude towards wife and children. The story of Andrei Sokolov allows us to comprehend a separate human life like the life of a whole generation, even a whole nation. The protagonist was born in 1900 - a significant detail that tells the reader that he has a story in front of him, reflecting the fate of his contemporaries, "his life was ordinary." What does Andrey Sokolov do? By what B. Pasternak called "life-building", the creation of simple human happiness: "So I lived for ten years and did not notice how they passed. They passed, as if in a dream." That's why life ideal the hero is: "Irina bought two goats. What else do you need? The children eat porridge with milk, they have a roof over their heads, they are dressed, shod, so everything is in order." His idea of ​​happiness is folk, close to any Russian person.
- In what does Andrei Sokolov see happiness?
We notice that the hero of the story does not speak about wealth, about jewelry, he rejoices at the little, it would seem. But this is the most valuable thing on earth: a home, harmony in the family, the health of children, respect for each other. Andrei Sokolov concludes his story with the words: Everything is harmonious in his life, the future is seen clearly. “What more do you need? Children eat porridge with milk, they have a roof over their heads, they are dressed, shod, so everything is in order.")
WAR "... That's why you are a man, that's why you are a soldier ...". And in this well-being, happiness "bursts" the war. It is here that Sholokhov's hero changes the tone of the conversation. The writer "folds" the history of the military ordeals of his hero from a number of the brightest episodes:
- here Sokolov is carrying shells for artillerymen under the threat of death,
- here he rises, not wanting to die lying down,
- gives footcloths along with boots to the soldier who takes him prisoner,
- saves the lieutenant, killing the one who wanted to give the "snub-nosed kid" to the Germans.
Why does Sholokhov introduce a traitor into the story? (Submission to circumstances, cowardice, meanness, hypocrisy influenced the fate of this person. Responsibility for others - killed the traitor)
- wins the duel with the camp commandant, (it becomes quite clear that in the duel with Muller, and with the German who takes him prisoner, he saves the hero not only human dignity, but also national dignity: “I was from his hands and took a glass and a snack, but as soon as I heard these words, it seemed to burn me with fire! I think to myself: “So that I, a Russian soldier, should drink for the victory of German weapons? ! Is there anything you don't want, Herr Kommandant? It's one hell for me to die, so go to hell with your vodka").
An episode of the duel between Andrei Sokolov and Lagerführer Müller
- Why did Muller need a drinking ritual before the execution of the prisoner? ("Before you die, drink, Russian Ivan, for the victory of German weapons") - What is the physical condition of the hero? Why does he agree to a drink but refuses a snack? – Who wins in a moral duel between two enemies: Muller and Sokolov? - Is the attitude of the Nazis to the prisoner changing?
(The dialogue with Muller is not an armed battle between two enemies, but a psychological duel, from which Sokolov emerges victorious, which Muller himself is forced to admit)
– The conversation in the curfew takes place at the moment Battle of Stalingrad. Is there, in your opinion, a connection between this battle, an event of a world-historical scale, and a private episode from the life of an individual hero?
(The camp commandant wanted a repeat of Stalingrad, he got it in full. Victory Soviet troops on the Volga and the victory of Sokolov are events of the same order, since the victory over fascism is, first of all, a moral victory.)
- Why did the commandant Muller “generously” give Andrey Sokolov life?
(Müller is a very ruthless person, “his right hand is in a leather glove, and there is a lead gasket in the glove so as not to damage his fingers.” He goes and beats every second person in the nose, bleeds. Such a person does not value human life, he believes himself the strongest, confident in his impunity, even in some kind of chosenness. It’s scary to speak the truth directly to such people. But Andrey Sokolov was not afraid to personally tell Muller what he said in the barracks. Despite the fact that he was completely dependent on the commandant, behaved with great dignity).
It was this dignity that commandant Muller appreciated, calling Andrei Sokolov "a real Russian soldier."
- Who won this duel?
(In this duel, a hungry captured Russian soldier won. An exhausted, exhausted, exhausted prisoner is ready to face death with such courage and endurance that it amazes even the concentration camp commandant who has lost his human appearance)
Do we value his words?
(Yes, very much. This was recognized by the enemy, the one who always treats others with disdain, sees the best only in himself).
Paying attention to the epigraph to the section "War" "... That's why you are a man, that's why you are a soldier ..."
- What words express Sokolov's view of the duty of a man, a man, a soldier? (The readiness to endure, to “survive”, while maintaining human dignity, becomes Sokolov’s life credo “That’s why you are a man, that’s why you are a soldier, to endure everything, to endure everything, if the need called for it” LEITMOTIV).
- Escapes from captivity.
problem question
For what purpose did Sholokhov introduce the description of captivity?
(Sholokhov introduced a description of captivity into the story, which was not typical of Soviet literature of that time. He showed how heroically, with dignity the Russian people behaved in captivity, how much they overcame. “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember, and even harder to talk about what When you remember the inhuman torments that you had to endure there, in Germany, when you remember all the friends and comrades who died, were tortured there in the camps, the heart no longer beats in the chest, but in the throat beats, and it becomes difficult to breathe. ..")
What character traits of Andrei Sokolov helped him survive the difficulties of captivity?
(Persistence, courage, faith in victory, fortitude, etc. The character of Andrei Sokolov is revealed from the heroic side. We emphasize stamina, dedication, courage. You can add to the list positive traits character and generosity. (Arriving at the barracks, the hero of the story shared "Muller's gifts" with everyone)
4. Emotional characteristics of the characters
Episodes Andrey's Behavior
Farewell to my wife at the station We came to the station, and I did not look at her from pity
I can: the lips are swollen from tears, the hair has come out from under the handkerchief, and the eyes are cloudy, meaningless, like those of a person touched by the mind. The commanders announce the landing, and she fell on my chest, clasped her hands around my neck and trembled all over, like a cut down tree ... And the kids persuade her, and I - nothing helps! Other women talk to their husbands and sons, but mine clung to me like a leaf to a branch, and only trembles all over, but cannot utter a word. I tell her: "Pull yourself together, my dear Irinka! Tell me at least a word in parting." She says, and sobs behind every word: "My dear ... Andryusha ... we will not see you ... anymore ... in this ... world" ... Here, from pity for her, her heart is torn to pieces, and here she is with these words. I should understand that it’s not easy for me to part with them either, I’m not going to my mother-in-law for pancakes. Evil has taken me! By force, I separated her hands and lightly pushed her on the shoulders. It seemed to be pushed lightly, but I have the strength! was foolish; she backed away, took three steps back and again walked towards me with small steps, stretched out her hands, and I shouted to her: “But is that really how they say goodbye? Why are you burying me alive ahead of time ?!” Well, I hugged her again, I see that she is not herself ...
He abruptly cut off the story in mid-sentence, and in the ensuing silence I heard something bubbling and gurgling in his throat. Another's excitement was transferred to me. I glanced askance at the narrator, but I did not see a single tear in his seemingly dead, extinct eyes. He sat with his head bowed dejectedly, only his large, limply lowered hands trembled slightly, his chin trembled, his hard lips trembled...
Review of a soldier And here he is, a bitch in his pants, complaining, looking for sympathy, salivating, but he doesn’t want to understand that these unfortunate women and kids were no sweeter than ours in the rear. The whole state leaned on them! What kind of shoulders did our women and children need to have in order not to bend under such a weight? But they didn’t bend, they stood! And such a whip, a wet little soul, will write a pitiful letter - and a working woman, like a fluff under her feet. She, after this letter, the unfortunate woman, will drop her hands, and work does not suit her. No! That's why you're a man, that's why you're a soldier, to endure everything, to demolish everything, if need calls for it. And if you have more woman’s leaven than man’s, then put on a ruched skirt to cover your skinny ass more magnificently, so that at least from the back you look like a woman, and go to weed beets or milk cows, but at the front you are not needed, there and stink a lot without you!
During the concussion When I came to my senses, came to my senses and looked around properly, it was as if someone had squeezed my heart with pliers: shells were lying around, which I was carrying, not far away my car, all beaten to shreds, was lying upside down, and fight, fight something is already behind me ... How is that? There is no need to conceal a sin, it was then that my legs gave way of themselves, and I fell like a cut, because I realized that I was a prisoner of the Nazis. This is how it is in war...
In captivity in the church They fell silent, and I get chills from such podlyuchnosti. “No,” I think, “I won’t let you, son of a bitch, betray your commander! You won’t leave this church with me, but they will pull you out like a bastard by the legs!” It was a little bit lighter - I see: next to me, a muzzy guy is lying on his back, throwing his hands behind his head, and sitting next to him in one underwear shirt, hugging his knees, such a thin, snub-nosed guy, and very pale himself. “Well,” I think, “this kid will not cope with such a thick gelding. I'll have to finish it."
I touched him with my hand, asking in a whisper: “Are you a platoon commander?” He didn't answer, he nodded his head. "This one wants to betray you?" I point to the lying guy. He nodded his head back. “Well,” I say, “hold his legs so that he doesn’t kick! Yes, live! - and he fell on this guy, and my fingers froze on his throat. He didn't have time to scream. He held it under him for a few minutes, got up. The traitor is ready, and the tongue is on its side!
Before that, I felt unwell after that, and I terribly wanted to wash my hands, as if I was not a person, but some kind of creeping reptile ... For the first time in my life I killed, and then my own ... But what is he like his own? He's worse than someone else's, a traitor. I got up and said to the platoon commander: "Let's get out of here, comrade, the church is great."
Conversation with Müller Well, I clicked my hands at the seams, clicked my worn-out heels, loudly reporting: “Prisoner of war Andrey Sokolov, on your orders, Herr Commandant, appeared.” He asks me: “So, Russ Ivan, is four cubic meters of output a lot?” - "That's right, - I say, - Herr Kommandant, a lot." “Is one enough for your grave?” “That’s right, Herr Kommandant, it’s enough and even stays”
I was from his hands and took a glass and a snack, but as soon as I heard these words, it was like a fire burned me! I think to myself: “So that I, a Russian soldier, should start drinking for the victory of German weapons ?! Is there anything you don't want, Herr Kommandant? One hell for me to die, so go to hell with your vodka!
“I will drink to my death and deliverance from torment,” I tell him. With that, he took a glass and poured it into himself in two gulps, but did not touch the snack, politely wiped his lips with his palm and said: “Thank you for the treat. I'm ready, Herr Kommandant, let's go and paint me."
I pressed the bread to myself with all my strength, I hold the bacon in my left hand and was so confused by such an unexpected turn that I didn’t even say thank you, I made a circle to the left, I went to the exit, and I myself think: “It will light up for me now between the shoulder blades, and I won’t bring these grubs to the guys.”
When I meet Vanyusha, my boy sits there on the porch, chatting with his legs and, by all appearances, hungry. I leaned out the window, shouting to him: “Hey, Vanyushka! Hurry up and get in the car, I’ll drive it to the elevator, and from there we’ll come back here, we’ll have lunch.” He shuddered at my shout, jumped off the porch, climbed onto the step and quietly said: “How do you know, uncle, that my name is Vanya?”
A burning tear boiled up in me, and I immediately decided: “It won’t happen that we disappear separately! I will take him to my children. And immediately my heart felt light and somehow light. I leaned over to him, quietly asking: “Vanyushka, do you know who I am?” He asked as he exhaled: “Who?” I speak to him in the same quiet voice. "I am your father".
I went to bed with him and for the first time for a long time slept peacefully. However, he got up four times during the night. I wake up, and he will take refuge under my arm, like a sparrow under a trap, quietly sniffing, and before I feel joyful in my soul that you can’t even say it in words! You strive not to stir, so as not to wake him up, but still you can’t stand it, you slowly get up, light a match and admire him ...
How do the characters in the story behave in inhuman circumstances?
Story Character Behavior
Christian (pious) And, as if it were a sin, it was impatient for one of our pious people to go out of need. He braced himself, braced himself, and then wept. “I can’t,” he says, “desecrate the holy temple! I'm a believer, I'm a Christian! What should I do, brothers? And ours, you know what kind of people? Some laugh, others swear, others give him all sorts of comic advice. He amused us all, and this rigmarole ended very badly: he began to knock on the door and ask to be let out. Well, he was interrogated: the fascist gave a long line through the door, in its entire width, and killed this pilgrim, and three more people, and seriously wounded one, by morning he died.
Kryzhnev Odin says: “If tomorrow, before they drive us further, they line us up and call out commissars, communists and Jews, then you, platoon commander, do not hide! You won't get anything out of this case. Do you think that if you take off your tunic, you will pass for a private? Will not work! I am not going to answer for you. I'll be the first to point you out! I know that you are a communist and you agitated me to join the party, so be responsible for your own affairs.”
And he laughed softly. “Comrades,” he says, “remained behind the front line, but I’m not your comrade, and you don’t ask me, I’ll point to you anyway. Your shirt is closer to your body."
Platoon “I always suspected that you, Kryzhnev, are not a good person. Especially when you refused to join the party, referring to your illiteracy. But I never thought that you could become a traitor. After all, you graduated from the seven-year school?”
They were silent for a long time, then, according to the voice, the platoon commander quietly says: “Do not betray me, Comrade Kryzhnev.”
Doctor In the middle of the night I hear someone touching my arm and asking: “Comrade, are you injured?” I answer him: “What do you need, brother?” He says: “I am a military doctor, maybe I can help you with something?” I thanked him sincerely, and he went on in the dark, slowly asking: “Are there any wounded?” That's what a real doctor means! He did his great work both in captivity and in the dark.
Teacher's comment
Did Andrey Sokolov remain in captivity? He had to carry a German engineer with the rank of army general “on an Opel Admiral”, but, at the first opportunity, Sokolov fled, taking the fascist as a “language”.
- What did Andrei Sokolov expect from his later life?
(The hero of the story began to think about the family left in Voronezh, about happiness in home about important human values).
An invitation to reflection: What do you think was the most terrible event in military life for the hero of the story? (The most terrible thing for Sokolov was the loss of loved ones.)
Slideshow against the background of the song "Enemies burned their own hut"
Teacher's comment: L.N. Tolstoy was very fond of M.Yu. Lermontov's poem "Borodino". This was one of the reasons for writing the epic novel War and Peace. And M.A. Sholokhov’s favorite was M. Isakovsky’s poem “The enemies burned their own hut”.
Twice the hero interrupts his story, and both times - when he remembers his dead wife and children. It is in these places that Sholokhov gives expressive portrait details and remarks. Let's read them. (“Didn’t I dream about my awkward life?” But in captivity, I was almost every night, to myself, of course, and I talked with Irina and the kids, cheered them up, they say, I’ll be back, my family, don’t grieve for me , I am strong, I will survive, and again we will all be together ... So, I have been talking to the dead for two years?!
The narrator was silent for a moment, and then he said in a different, intermittent and quiet voice:
- Come on, brother, let's smoke, otherwise something suffocates me).
How great must be the pain that this person experiences if, more than once, looking into the face of death, never giving in to the enemy, he says: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why so distorted? The hero’s heart is “petrified with grief” so much that he is not even capable of crying, although tears, perhaps, would bring him relief (“... And my unshed tears, apparently, have dried up in my heart.”)
And what's ahead?
Work with the text: “In June of the forty-second year, the Germans bombed an aircraft factory, and one heavy bomb hit my hut directly. Irina and her daughters were just at home…” “Then I received a month's leave from the colonel, and a week later I was already in Voronezh. He walked to the bridge where he once lived with his family. A deep crater filled with rusty water, waist-deep weeds all around... Wilderness, graveyard silence. Oh, and it was hard for me, brother!
CONCLUSION: The fate of the soldier was cruel. Home - hearth, keeper family happiness, comfort, protection from the "winds" of fate. Together with the house, hope, the meaning of life, and happiness are also lost. The ruined hearth brought grief, disappointment, emptiness into his life. He was left alone with all the vicissitudes of fate.
Only for a moment "joy flashed to him, like the sun from behind a cloud: Anatoly was found." And again there was hope for the revival of the family, there were "old man's dreams" about the future of his son, grandchildren. Man must live in the future. But this was not destined to come true. Anatoly died on May 9, 1945. At the hands of a sniper. Again grief fell upon the man, again, as they say, fate turned away from him.
PROBLEM QUESTION
How can a person who has fallen into such a situation change? difficult situation?
(A person can become hardened, hate everyone, especially children who would remind him of his own. At such moments, a person can take his own life, losing faith in its meaning).
Did this happen to Andrey Sokolov?
(No, circumstances did not break the hero of the story. He continued to live. Sholokhov writes sparingly about this period in the life of his hero. He worked, started drinking until he met a boy).
AFTER THE WAR "... So I found my Vanyushka ...". The fate of Andrei Sokolov brought him together with a boy of six years old, as lonely as himself. Nobody needed the grimy boy Vanyatka. Only Andrei Sokolov took pity on the orphan, adopted Vanyusha, gave him all his unspent father's love. It was a feat, a feat not only in the moral sense of the word, but also in the heroic one. In Andrei Sokolov's attitude to childhood, to Vanyusha, humanism won a great victory. He triumphed over the anti-humanity of fascism, over destruction and loss.
vocabulary work
- What is "HUMANISM"? (humanity)
- In what episodes did he manifest himself most clearly?
(Sharing bread in the camp; caring for a child)
PROBLEM QUESTION
Who found whom?
(Andrey Sokolov drew attention to the “ragged man.” And Sholokhov’s descriptions became brighter, more colorful. What comparisons: “eyes are like stars at night after rain!” Direct assessment: “And I fell in love so much that I already, wonderful thing, began to miss him ... "" A burning tear boiled in me, and immediately I decided: "It will not happen that we disappear apart! I will take him to my children!"
The heart of Andrei Sokolov did not harden, he was able to find the strength in himself to give happiness and love to another person. Life goes on. Life goes on in the hero himself.)
CONCLUSION: This shows the strong character of a person.
PROBLEM QUESTION
To every person like this, just like that, can trustingly cling Small child?
(No, not to everyone. The kid did not turn away, did not run away from Sokolov, recognized his father in him. Vanyusha felt the human participation of this man, his kindness, love, warmth, realized that he had a protector)
What did Andrey Sokolov get when he adopted Vanyushka?
(Andrey Sokolov managed to become higher than his fate - by adopting Vanyushka, he received the main thing - hope. Hope that the connection of generations will not break, the connection of times will not be interrupted.
Sokolov's love for Vanyusha became the source of life. “I went to bed with him and for the first time in a long time I fell asleep peacefully. However, he got up four times during the night. I wake up, and he nestled under my arm, like a sparrow under a trap, snoring softly, and my soul becomes so joyful that you can’t say it in words ... light a match and admire him ... ")
5. The image of Vanyushka
The image of Vanyushka in the story appears along with the image of Andrei. But portrait characteristic the author does not give immediately, but again through artistic details:
- “pink cold hand”,
- “eyes as bright as the sky”, “like stars at night after the rain”.
What is the color meaning of this image? (This refers to the bright blue color. Pure, immaculate, unspoiled by any hardships of life. But this definition is not enough for the author. He gradually enhances the image: “eyes, like stars at night after rain.” Bright yellow, starry, somehow unearthly the boy's eyes shine with color.Let's pay attention to diminutive-petting suffixes (heavenly, Asterisks): they also give out the author's attitude).
Andrei Sokolov, having gone through the war, having lost in these terrible years everything that was possible, completely devastated, meets Vanyushka with eyes as clear as the sky, like stars, washed by rain.
- What does the comparison of Vanyusha's eyes with the light of stars show? (Shows that he became for Sokolov, as it were, a guide in a life filled with black grief).
- What is common in the fate of Andrei Sokolov and Vanyusha? (Two orphans whose lives have been ravaged by the war). As you can see, Vanya warmed the heart of Andrei Sokolov, his life again found meaning.
- And who was more important to find a family? (And Vanyushka and A. Sokolov, they found a Home, and this is their happiness!)
CONCLUSION: Vanyusha is opposed to the foster father. But both of them wander towards their future Home Father and Son - and each of these images speaks of the eternity of life, that as long as the ability to love is alive in a person, the people are immortal. It is the birth in the throes and tragedies of the new world that becomes main theme of all the works of Sholokhov
6. Color devices in the story
Now let's go back to the beginning of the story. How does Sholokhov begin the work? (From a description of nature) (The first post-war spring was extremely friendly and assertive on the Upper Don. At the end of March, warm winds blew from the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, and two days later the sands of the left bank of the Don were completely bare, logs and beams stuffed with snow swelled in the steppe, breaking the ice , the steppe rivers surged furiously, and the roads became almost completely impassable ...)
Imagine this picture. What colors are contrasted in the description? (dead white, snowy color of winter and lively brown, dirty yellow, gray color of early spring)
What is this contrast symbolizing? (Just as winter with white coldness is replaced by warm, albeit not yet festive, but spring, so life conquers death).
What sky is the author drawing at the beginning of the story? (Blue, with white, busty clouds floating in the faded blue).
What do these details indicate? (About the coming world, about the feeling of peace and tranquility)
Work with text
The story describes tragic events, but still there is a place for a hot, bright, yellow sun. Support this with an example from the text. (It was noon. The sun shone as hot as in May. I hoped that the cigarettes would soon dry. The sun shone so hot that I already regretted that I had put on soldiers' wadded pants and a quilted jacket for the journey. It was the first real it was good to sit on the wattle fence like this, alone, completely submitting to silence and loneliness, and, taking off the old soldier's earflap from his head, to dry his hair, wet after hard rowing, in the breeze, mindlessly following the busty white clouds floating in the faded blue.)
Why does Sholokhov repeat the words about the sun several times? (More and more sun, shine, warmth is given to the heroes of the story. More and more more peace penetrates their soul. Yellow sun color symbolizes the coming happiness)
Thus, the description of nature given at the beginning of the story is the key to understanding the meaning of the work. But, interestingly, the significance of this landscape sketch We only understand when we finish reading.
Sholokhov is a master of detail. With one phrase, the writer can reveal everything that is in the soul of the hero.
- With what detail at the beginning of the story does the writer convey the depth of the hero's grief?
(Eyes, as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with such inescapable longing that it is difficult to look into them)
folk wisdom says: The eyes are the mirror of the soul. The eyes say a lot about a person. Everything that a person has experienced, all his suffering can be read in his eyes...
- “As if sprinkled with ashes” - that is, which ones, what color? (Greys, ash colors)
- And why is the color of the eyes not just gray, but exactly similar to the color of ash? (Ashes where everything is burned, destroyed. In the soul of the hero - ashes, disappointment, emptiness.)
Thus, the color detail helps to understand the state of the hero. The war took everything away from Sokolov. No family, house destroyed. Hometown became a stranger. And he went wherever his eyes look, to Uryupinsk, with a withered heart, alone.
7. Analysis of the final episode of the story.
- Name the phrases by which the author defines the heroes (grains of sand thrown into foreign lands by a hurricane of unprecedented strength - a man of unbending will)
- What does Sholokhov emphasize when he calls the hero a grain of sand in the last lines? (Andrey Sokolov does not appear at all epic hero, is not a person with supernatural powers. He is normal, like everyone else).
CONCLUSION. According to Sholokhov's concept, a person is a grain of sand, a blade of grass in the wind, a trembling leaf pressed against a branch, these are the metaphors the writer uses in the story, describing the characters.

“The war has passed, the suffering has passed, But pain calls out to people: Come on people never Let's not forget this!"

The further the Great Patriotic War goes from us, the more we realize the significance of the national feat. This year we will celebrate the 73rd anniversary of the Great Victory. But time does not reduce interest in the distant front-line years, in the origins of heroism and courage Soviet soldier- hero, liberator. So many films have been made about any event in world history, so many works have been written.

Writer Mikhail Sholokhov himself took part in the fighting on the fronts great war, "pen and machine gun" protecting native land. His impressions are reflected in the novel "They Fought for the Motherland" and in the story "The Fate of a Man". This story was dedicated reader's conference"The fate of man is the fate of the people", which took place in Central Library them. A. Erokhovets. At the beginning of the event, Oksana Tselner, a librarian of the reading room, introduced the audience to the history of the creation of the story, as well as to the prototype of the main character - Andrei Sokolov - Hero of the Soviet Union Grigory Ustinovich Dolnikov. The participants were offered questions for discussion, during which they shared their impressions of the read work. We talked about Andrei Sokolov, who was wounded, lost consciousness and was captured by the Nazis. The guys expressed their admiration for the courage and steadfastness of the Russian soldier, who made the decision to eliminate the traitor, was looking for any way to escape from captivity. The fate of Sokolov was difficult, by the end of the war he had lost his entire family. His decision to adopt the homeless boy Vanyusha aroused respect. The most active participants of the conference were Alexander Dubasov, Vladislav Ryazhkin, Daria Nikolaeva and Anastasia Guryanova.

During the conference, excerpts from the story were read, fragments from feature film“The Fate of a Man” (directed by S. Bondarchuk), there were recordings of songs: “Get up a huge country!”, “Enemies burned their own hut”, “Cranes”. At the end, the participants got to know book fair"Ah, war, what have you done despicable?!"

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"... This Russian man, a man of unbending will ...". Analysis of M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man"

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The motherland is like a huge tree on which there are no leaves to count. And everything that we do good, adds strength to it. But not every tree has roots. Without roots, even a slight wind would have knocked it down. Roots feed the tree and bind it to the ground. Roots are what we lived yesterday, a year ago, a hundred, a thousand years ago.

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“We see with you guys that they perceived this story in different ways, that they argued about it. This is proof that he did not have indifferent readers, because the problem of this work is close to everyone. “Almost every family in our country came to the end of the war with losses. So I think: how much strength it took to start all over again ... I saw these villages, farms, villages, villages, cities burned to the ground, I saw devastation, desertion.”

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Literary Theory Story - Narrative epic genre with an emphasis on small volume and on the unity of the artistic event. A story in a story is an element of composition, which means that directly in literary work another story is presented, with the help of which the author tries to convey the general plot of his creation.

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Character - a set of mental, spiritual properties of a person, found in his behavior; a person with character, a strong character (Ozhegov S.I. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language). FATE - 1. A course of events that develops independently of the will of a person, a combination of circumstances. 2. Fate, share, life path. 3. The future, what will happen will happen. 4. You won't have to, you won't be able to do anything.

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Compilation of the chronology Civil War (fought in the Red Army) - 1922. Terrible famine ("Ishachit kulaks in the Kuban"). Peaceful family life (until 1941). June 1941 - on the third day he went to the front. 1942 - 1944 - is captured. May 1945 - Meets victory in Germany. 1946 - meeting with Vanyusha, the beginning of a new life.

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What does Andrei Sokolov see happiness in? "Irina bought two goats. What else do you need? The children eat porridge with milk, they have a roof over their heads, they are dressed, shod, so everything is in order." His idea of ​​happiness is folk, close to any Russian person.

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The history of the hero's military ordeals (the brightest episodes): - Sokolov is carrying shells for artillerymen under the threat of death; - he rises, not wanting to die lying down; - gives footcloths along with boots to the soldier who takes him prisoner; saves the lieutenant by killing the one who wanted to betray the "snub-nosed boy" to the Germans; wins a duel with the camp commandant. PROBLEM QUESTION Why does Sholokhov introduce a traitor into the story?

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CONCLUSION: The dialogue with Muller is not an armed battle between two enemies, but a psychological duel, from which Sokolov emerges victorious, which Muller himself is forced to admit. Historical relationship The conversation in the commandant's room takes place at the time of the Battle of Stalingrad. Is there, in your opinion, a connection between this battle, an event of a world-historical scale, and a private episode from the life of an individual hero? (The camp commandant wanted a repetition of Stalingrad, he received it in full. The victory of the Soviet troops on the Volga and the victory of Sokolov are events of the same order, since the victory over fascism is, above all, a moral victory)

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Müller is a very ruthless man, "he has a leather glove on his right hand, and a lead gasket in the glove so as not to hurt his fingers." He goes and hits every second person in the nose, bleeds. Such a person does not value human life, considers himself the strongest, confident in his impunity, even in some kind of chosenness. It is scary to speak the truth to such people directly in the face.

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PROBLEM QUESTIONS Who won this duel? (A hungry captive Russian soldier won this duel. The exhausted, exhausted, exhausted prisoner is ready to meet death with such courage and endurance that it amazes even the commandant of the concentration camp, who has lost his human appearance) Are his words dear to us? (Yes, very much. This was recognized by the enemy, the one who always treats others with disdain, sees the best only in himself). What words express Sokolov's view of the duty of a man, a man, a soldier? (The readiness to endure, to “survive”, while maintaining human dignity, becomes Sokolov’s life credo “That’s why you are a man, that’s why you are a soldier, to endure everything, to endure everything, if the need called for it” LEITMOTIV).

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PROBLEM QUESTIONS For what purpose did Sholokhov introduce the description of captivity? (Sholokhov introduced a description of captivity into the story, which was not typical of Soviet literature of that time. He showed how heroically, with dignity the Russian people behaved in captivity, how much they overcame. “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember, and even harder to talk about what When you remember the inhuman torments that you had to endure there, in Germany, when you remember all the friends and comrades who died, were tortured there in the camps, the heart no longer beats in the chest, but in the throat beats, and it becomes difficult to breathe. ..")

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Character traits of Andrey Sokolov Perseverance, courage, faith in victory, fortitude, selflessness, courage, and generosity. (Arriving at the barracks, the hero of the story shared "Muller's gifts" with everyone)

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Emotional characteristics of the characters (variant of D.Z.) Episodes Andrei's behavior farewell to his wife at the station They came to the station, and I can't look at her from pity: my lips are swollen from tears, my hair has come out from under the headscarf, and my eyes are cloudy, meaningless, like a mind-touched person. The commanders announce the landing, and she fell on my chest, clasped her hands around my neck and trembled all over, like a cut down tree ... And the kids persuade her, and I - nothing helps! Other women talk to their husbands and sons, but mine clung to me like a leaf to a branch, and only trembles all over, but cannot utter a word. I tell her: "Pull yourself together, my dear Irinka! Tell me at least a word in parting." She says, and sobs behind every word: "My dear ... Andryusha ... we will not see you ... anymore ... in this ... world" ... Here, from pity for her, her heart is torn to pieces, and here she is with these words. I should understand that it’s not easy for me to part with them either, I’m not going to my mother-in-law for pancakes. Evil took me here! By force, I separated her hands and lightly pushed her on the shoulders. It seemed to be pushed lightly, but I have the strength! was foolish; she backed away, took three steps back and again walked towards me with small steps, stretched out her hands, and I shouted to her: “But is that really how they say goodbye? Well, I hugged her again, I see that she is not herself ... He abruptly cut off the story in mid-sentence, and in the ensuing silence I heard something bubbling and gurgling in his throat. Someone else's excitement was transmitted to me. I glanced askance at the narrator, but did not see a single tear in his seemingly dead, extinct eyes. He sat with his head bowed dejectedly, only his large, limply lowered hands trembled slightly, his chin trembled, his hard lips trembled...

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review about a soldier And here he is, a bitch in his pants, complaining, looking for sympathy, salivating, but he doesn’t want to understand that these unfortunate women and kids were no sweeter than ours in the rear. The whole state leaned on them! What kind of shoulders did our women and children need to have in order not to bend under such a weight? But they didn’t bend, they stood! And such a whip, a wet little soul, will write a pitiful letter - and a working woman, like a fluff under her feet. She, after this letter, the unfortunate woman, will drop her hands, and work does not suit her. No! That's why you're a man, that's why you're a soldier, to endure everything, to demolish everything, if the need called for it. And if you have more woman’s leaven than man’s, then put on a ruched skirt to cover your skinny ass more magnificently, so that at least from the back you look like a woman, and go to weed beets or milk cows, but at the front you are not needed, there and stink a lot without you! during the concussion When he came to his senses, came to his senses and looked around properly, it was as if someone had squeezed his heart with pliers: all around were the shells that I was carrying, not far away my car, all beaten to shreds, lies upside down, and fight, fight - something is already coming behind me ... How is it? sometimes ... in captivity in the church They fell silent, and I get chills from such podlyuchnosti. “No,” I think, “I won’t let you, son of a bitch, betray your commander! You won’t leave this church with me, but they will pull you out like a bastard by the legs!” It was a little bit lighter - I see: next to me, a muzzy guy is lying on his back, throwing his hands behind his head, and sitting next to him in one underwear shirt, hugging his knees, such a thin, snub-nosed guy, and very pale himself. “Well,” I think, “this kid will not cope with such a thick gelding. I'll have to finish it." I touched him with my hand, asking in a whisper: “Are you a platoon commander?” He didn't answer, he nodded his head. "This one wants to betray you?" I point to the lying guy. He nodded his head back. “Well,” I say, “hold his legs so that he doesn’t kick! Yes, live! - and he fell on this guy, and my fingers froze on his throat. He didn't have time to scream. He held it under him for a few minutes, got up. A traitor is ready, and my tongue is on my side! Before that, I felt unwell after that, and I terribly wanted to wash my hands, as if I was not a person, but some kind of creeping reptile ... For the first time in my life I killed, and then my own ... But what kind of a man is he ? He's worse than someone else's, a traitor. I got up and said to the platoon commander: "Let's get out of here, comrade, the church is great."

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Conversation with Müller Well, I clicked my hands at the seams, snapped my worn-out heels, loudly reporting: “Prisoner of war Andrey Sokolov, on your orders, Herr Commandant, appeared.” He asks me: “So, Russ Ivan, is four cubic meters of output a lot?” - "That's right, - I say, - Herr Kommandant, a lot." “Is one enough for your grave?” - “That’s right, Herr Commandant, it’s quite enough and even remains.” I was from his hands and took a glass and a snack, but as soon as I heard these words, it was as if I was burned by fire! I think to myself: “So that I, a Russian soldier, should start drinking for the victory of German weapons ?! Is there anything you don't want, Herr Kommandant? One hell for me to die, so go to hell with your vodka! “I will drink to my death and deliverance from torment,” I tell him. With that, he took a glass and poured it into himself in two gulps, but did not touch the snack, politely wiped his lips with his palm and said: “Thank you for the treat. I'm ready, Herr Kommandant, let's go and paint me." I pressed the bread to myself with all my strength, I hold the bacon in my left hand and was so confused by such an unexpected turn that I didn’t even say thank you, I made a circle to the left, I went to the exit, and I myself think: “It will light up for me now between the shoulder blades, and I won’t bring these grubs to the guys.” when meeting with Vanya-shey, my boy is sitting there on the porch, chatting with his little legs and, by all appearances, hungry. I leaned out the window, shouting to him: “Hey, Vanyushka! Hurry up and get in the car, I’ll drive it to the elevator, and from there we’ll come back here, we’ll have lunch.” He shuddered at my shout, jumped off the porch, climbed onto the step and quietly said: “How do you know, uncle, that my name is Vanya?” A burning tear boiled up in me, and I immediately decided: “It won’t happen that we disappear separately! I will take him to my children. ”And immediately my soul became light and somehow light. I leaned over to him, quietly asking: “Vanyushka, do you know who I am?” He asked as he exhaled: “Who?” I speak to him in the same quiet voice. "I am your father". I went to bed with him and for the first time in a long time I fell asleep peacefully. However, I got up four times at night. I wake up, and he nestles under my arm, like a sparrow under a jam, snores softly, and my soul becomes so joyful that you can’t even say it in words! get up, light a match and admire him ...

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The character of the story How the heroes of the story behave in inhuman circumstances Christian (pious) And, as if it were a sin, it was impatient for one of our pious to go out of need. He braced himself, braced himself, and then wept. “I cannot,” he says, “desecrate the holy temple! I'm a believer, I'm a Christian! What should I do, brothers?” And ours, you know, what kind of people? Some laugh, others swear, others give him all sorts of comic advice. He amused us all, and this rigmarole ended very badly: he began to knock on the door and ask to be let out. Well, he was interrogated: the fascist gave a long line through the door, in its entire width, and killed this pilgrim, and three more people, and seriously wounded one, by morning he died. Kryzhnev Odin says: “If tomorrow, before they drive us further, they line us up and call out commissars, communists and Jews, then you, platoon commander, do not hide! You won't get anything out of this case. Do you think that if you take off your tunic, you will pass for a private? Will not work! I am not going to answer for you. I'll be the first to point you out! I know that you are a communist and you agitated me to join the party, so be responsible for your own affairs.” And he laughed softly. “Comrades,” he says, “remained behind the front line, but I’m not your comrade, and don’t ask me, I’ll point to you anyway. Your shirt is closer to your body."

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Platoon “I always suspected that you, Kryzhnev, are not a good person. Especially when you refused to join the party, referring to your illiteracy. But I never thought that you could become a traitor. After all, you graduated from the seven-year school?” They were silent for a long time, then, according to the voice, the platoon commander quietly says: “Do not betray me, Comrade Kryzhnev.” Doctor In the middle of the night I hear someone touching my arm and asking: “Comrade, are you injured?” I answer him: “What do you need, brother?” He says: “I am a military doctor, maybe I can help you with something?” I thanked him sincerely, and he went on in the dark, slowly asking: “Are there any wounded?” That's what a real doctor means! He did his great work both in captivity and in the dark.

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An invitation to reflection: What do you think was the most terrible event in military life for the hero of the story? (The most terrible thing for Sokolov was the loss of loved ones)

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PROBLEM QUESTION How can a person who finds himself in such a difficult situation change? (A person can become hardened, hate everyone, especially children who would remind him of his own. At such moments, a person can take his own life, losing faith in its meaning). Did this happen to Andrey Sokolov? (No, circumstances did not break the hero of the story. He continued to live. Sholokhov writes sparingly about this period in the life of his hero. He worked, started drinking until he met a boy).

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PROBLEM QUESTIONS Who found whom? Can a small child cling trustingly to every person like this, just like that? What did Andrey Sokolov get when he adopted Vanyushka? CONCLUSION: Andrei Sokolov managed to rise above his fate - by adopting Vanyushka, he received the main thing - hope. Hope that the connection of generations will not be broken, the connection of times will not be interrupted. Sokolov's love for Vanyusha became the source of life. “I went to bed with him and for the first time in a long time I fell asleep peacefully. However, he got up four times during the night. I wake up, and he nestled under my arm, like a sparrow under a trap, snoring softly, and my soul becomes so joyful that you can’t say it in words ... light a match and admire him ... "

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IMAGE OF VANYUSHKA - “Pink cold little hand”, “eyes as bright as a sky”, “like stars at night after rain”. What is the color meaning of this image? (Here we mean a bright blue color. Pure, immaculate, unspoiled by any hardships of life. But this definition is not enough for the author. He gradually strengthens the image: “eyes, like stars at night after rain.”

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What does the comparison of Vanyusha's eyes with the light of stars show? (Shows that he became for Sokolov, as it were, a guide in a life filled with black grief). -What is common in the fate of Andrei Sokolov and Vanyusha? (Two orphans whose lives have been ravaged by the war). As you can see, Vanya warmed the heart of Andrei Sokolov, his life again found meaning. - And who was more important to find a family? (Both Vanyushka and A. Sokolov, they found a Home, and this is their happiness!) CONCLUSION: Vanyusha is opposed to the foster father. But both of them wander towards their future Home Father and Son - and each of these images speaks of the eternity of life, that as long as the ability to love is alive in a person, the people are immortal. It is the birth in the throes and tragedies of the new world that becomes the main theme of all Sholokhov's work.

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What colors are contrasted in the description? (dead white, snowy color of winter and lively brown, dirty yellow, gray color of early spring) - What is this opposition symbolizing? (Just as winter with white coldness is replaced by warm, albeit not yet festive, but spring, so life conquers death). What kind of sky does the author draw at the beginning of the story? (Blue, with white, busty clouds floating in the faded blue). What do these details indicate? (About the coming world, about the feeling of peace and tranquility) - The story describes tragic events, but still there is a place for a hot, bright, yellow sun. Support this with an example from the text. (It was noon. The sun shone as hot as in May. I hoped that the cigarettes would soon dry. The sun shone so hot that I already regretted that I had put on soldiers' wadded pants and a quilted jacket for the journey. It was the first real it was good to sit on the wattle fence like this, alone, completely submitting to silence and loneliness, and, taking off the old soldier's earflap from his head, to dry his hair, wet after hard rowing, in the breeze, mindlessly watching the busty white clouds floating in the faded blue.) TECHNIQUES IN A STORY

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CONCLUSION: Thus, the description of nature given at the beginning of the story is the key to understanding the meaning of the work. But, interestingly, we understand the significance of this landscape sketch only after finishing reading.

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Name the phrases with which the author defines the heroes (grains of sand thrown into foreign lands by a hurricane of unprecedented strength - a man of unbending will). - What does Sholokhov emphasize when he calls the hero a grain of sand in the last lines? (Andrey Sokolov does not at all appear as an epic hero, he is not a person with supernatural abilities. He is ordinary, like everyone else). CONCLUSION. According to Sholokhov's concept, a person is a grain of sand, a blade of grass in the wind, a trembling leaf pressed against a branch, these are the metaphors the writer uses in the story, describing the characters Discussion of the fragment

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LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORK Emotional coloring of colloquial vocabulary: 1) affectionate words: daughter, daughter, egoza, baby, boy, etc .; 2) ironically-affectionate nominal formations that soften the negative coloring of generating words: coward, silly, outrageous, etc .; 3) words with a diminutive assessment: (birch, kids, house); 4) scornful words expressing contempt: an actor, a letter, a piece of paper, etc .; 5) words reflecting a playful or ironic attitude to the subject of speech: antediluvian, sprinkle, rhymes, fight, battle, etc .; 6) familiarly rude words, in which a shade of rudeness is combined with a sympathetic attitude: slap (fall), smack (kiss), rattle (quickly answer), etc .; 7) disapprovingly rude words in which the shade of censure is expressed moderately: stun (surprise), whisper (whisper), shred (cut), nonsense (nonsense), etc .; 8) intellectually rude words characteristic of colloquial informal intellectual speech, as a rule, borrowed and rethought: reason (stop, convince), confusion (mess), disorderly (messy), shameless (impudent), etc .; 9) words that do not express any emotional coloring, emotionally uncolored, interstyle: usher, take a nap, really, just about.

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DICTIONARY WORK "Bastards" - in Old Russian the same thing as "dragging". Therefore, the bastard was originally called all sorts of garbage, which was raked into a heap. This meaning (among others) is also preserved by Dahl: "A bastard is everything that is skewered or dragged into one place: weeds, grass and roots, litter, dragged by a harrow from arable land." In the old days, merchant ships were often dragged from river to river along the shore, in a place where the smallest distance between them - this place was called "drag". Since caravans in these places were the most vulnerable, a gang of bandits, as a rule, grazed near each drag. They were called people from the drag. Then the word "people" was lost, only "bastards", that is, bandits, remained.

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3. In the Middle Ages in Rus', a bastard was a person who collected customs duties and taxes from those who traded in markets and bazaars. In case of non-payment, the same person dragged the guilty merchant to the judge, where he was punished. Therefore, the bastard (b) is originally a noun male. Later, the word bastard has already become a collective concept for tax collectors. 4. Another origin of the word "bastard". It refers to a sea of ​​cattle. Huge pits were dug in the villages and the dead cattle were dragged into them. After that they burned it. Here the fallen cattle dragged into the pits was called a bastard. There was also the expression "stinks like a bastard."

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Military life in the forties of the last century changed the fate of many people. Some of them did not manage to wait for relatives and friends from the front; some did not despair and found people to replace them; and some continued to live on. How important it is to save a human face after all the hardships and become not a human killer, but a human savior! So was the main character of Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" Andrei Sokolov.

Before the start of the war, Sokolov was a good person. He worked, was an exemplary family man, and if he drank and began to scold his wife Irinka, he immediately apologized. But his family idyll did not last long. With the onset of the war, he was sent to the front as a military driver. He was wounded, captured, but in all situations remained resistant to any trials. The enemies of the Germans, having poured him shots of vodka, ordered him to drink for their victory. But Solokov refused: “I will drink for my death and deliverance from torment,” he said, and, barely standing on his feet, he drank without eating. Struck by such a character of the Russian man, the Germans began to respect him and set him free.

Having walked half the country, Sokolov was lucky enough to return to his native Voronezh, but instead of a house and a wife with children, he saw only a funnel. Soon another grief befell him: after a short correspondence with his surviving son, he suddenly learns that Anatoly was killed. Everything is gone: no home, no relatives, there is only Victory. How to continue to live ...?

Sokolov finds the strength to live on. He does not console himself with the thought that someday there will be a woman who can replace the deceased Irinka, he does not want to return to his homeland. There was nothing left in his heart but emptiness. However, the thirst for hatred is not kindled in him, he does not want to avenge all his life's hardships, and even thoughts of suicide do not visit his bright head. He just keeps on living. And, as it soon turns out, he can live not only for himself.

Sokolov goes to Russian city Uryupinsk, where he meets the meaning of his later life. A boy with eyes as bright as a sky, overnight was able to replace all his relatives for him. Vanyushka was an orphan and wandered the streets in search of another watermelon peel so as not to die of hunger. This boy, who did not know about the real grief that befell Andrei Sokolov, recognizes his father in him, as soon as Sokolov said: “Vanyushka, do you know who I am? ... I am your father.” And so they found each other two big, clean, loving and devoted friend friend of the heart.

Andrei Sokolov is a true example of a man with unbending willpower. He bravely held out both in the military and in Peaceful time did not lose his human face and opened his heart to the little man who needed it so much.

• Plan 1. The history of writing the work 2. The plot of the work Sholokhov. Plot this work described from his own recollections. The author, in 1946, while hunting, met a man who told him this story. Sholokhov decided to write a story about this. The author tells us not only […]
• The books written after the war supplemented the truth that had been told during the war years, but the innovation lay in the fact that the usual genre forms were filled with new content. IN military prose two leading concepts were developed: the concept of historical truth and the concept of man. essential role in the development new wave played the story of Mikhail Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" (1956). The significance of the story is determined already through the genre definition itself: “story-tragedy”, “story-epopee”, […]
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I woke up before dawn, I don’t understand why I felt so stuffy? And it was my son who crawled out of the sheet and lay down across me, stretched out and crushed my throat with his leg. And sleep restlessly with him, but I'm used to it, I'm bored without him. At night, you stroke his sleepy one, then you sniff the hairs on the whirlwinds, and the heart moves away, it becomes softer, otherwise it turned to stone with grief ...

At first, he went on flights with me in a car, then I realized that this was not good. What do I need alone? A piece of bread and an onion with salt, that's a soldier fed for the whole day. But with him it’s a different matter: either he needs to get milk, or boil an egg, again, without a hot one, he can’t do it at all. But things don't wait. Gathered his courage, left him in the care of the hostess, so he sharpened his tears until the evening, and in the evening he fled to the elevator to meet me. Waited there until late at night.

It was difficult for me at first with him. Once we went to bed before dark, during the day I got very tired, and he always chirps like a sparrow, and then something was silent. I ask: "What are you thinking, son?" And he asks me, he looks at the ceiling: “Folder, where are you going with your leather coat?” I have never had a leather coat in my life! I had to dodge: “It remains in Voronezh,” I tell him. “Why did you look for me for so long?” I answer him: “I was looking for you, son, in Germany, and in Poland, and all of Belarus, I passed and passed, and you ended up in Uryupinsk.” - “Is Uryupinsk closer to Germany? Is Poland far from our home?” So we chat with him before going to bed.

Do you think, brother, he asked about a leather coat in vain? No, it's all for nothing. So, once his real father wore such a coat, so he remembered it. After all, a child's memory is like a summer lightning: it flares up, briefly illuminates everything and goes out. So his memory, like lightning, works in glimpses.

Maybe we would have lived with him for another year in Uryupinsk, but in November a sin happened to me: I was driving through the mud, in one farm my car skidded, and then the cow turned up, and I knocked her down. Well, a well-known case, the women raised a cry, the people fled, and the traffic inspector was right there. He took away my driver's book, no matter how I asked him to have mercy. The cow got up, lifted her tail and went galloping along the alleys, but I lost my book. I worked for the winter as a carpenter, and then I wrote to a friend, also a colleague - he works as a driver in your region, in the Kashar district, - and he invited me to his place. He writes that, they say, you will work for six months in the carpentry department, and there in our region they will give you a new book. So my son and I are sent to Kashara on a marching order.

Yes, it is, how can I tell you, and if this accident with a cow had not happened to me, I would still have moved from Uryupinsk. Longing does not allow me to stay in one place for a long time. Now, when my Vanyushka grows up and I have to send him to school, then maybe I will calm down, settle in one place. And now we are walking with him on Russian soil.

It's hard for him to walk, I said.

So he walks a little on his own legs, more and more rides on me. I’ll put him on my shoulders and carry him, but if he wants to do some washing, he gets off me and runs along the side of the road, bucking like a goat. All this, brother, would be nothing, somehow we could live with him, but my heart swayed, the piston needs to be changed ... Sometimes it grabs and presses so hard that White light fades in the eyes. I'm afraid that someday I'll die in my sleep and scare my son. And here is another misfortune: almost every night I see my dear dead in a dream. And more and more so that I am behind the barbed wire, and they are outside, on the other side ... I talk about everything with Irina and with the kids, but I just want to push the wire apart with my hands - they leave me, as if melting before my eyes ... And here’s an amazing thing: during the day I always hold myself tight, you can’t squeeze a “ooh” or a sigh out of me, but at night I wake up, and the whole pillow is wet with tears ...

A stranger, but a person who has become close to me, got up, extended a large, hard, like a tree, hand:

Goodbye brother, good luck to you!

And you will be happy to reach Kashar.

Thank you. Hey son, let's go to the boat.

The boy ran up to his father, settled down to the right, and, holding on to the floor of his father's quilted jacket, trotted along next to the man striding broadly.

Two orphaned people, two grains of sand thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented strength... Is something waiting for them ahead? And I would like to think that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will survive and grow up near his father’s shoulder, one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything in his path, if his homeland calls for this.

With heavy sadness, I looked after them ... Maybe everything would have worked out well if we parted, but Vanyushka, moving a few steps away and braiding his stubby legs, turned to face me as he walked, waved his pink little hand. And suddenly, like a soft, but clawed paw, squeezed my heart, and I hastily turned away. No, it’s not only in a dream that elderly men who have turned gray during the war years cry. They are crying for real. The main thing here is to be able to turn away in time. The most important thing here is not to hurt the heart of the child, so that he does not see how a burning and stingy male tear runs down your cheek ...