Values and value orientations of youth. Value Orientations of Modern Youth
The concept of "value" is very widely used in philosophical and other specialized literature to indicate the human, social and cultural significance of certain phenomena of reality. Value (according to P Menzer) is what people's feelings dictate to recognize as standing above everything and what you can strive for, contemplate and treat with respect, recognition, reverence.
In fact, value is not a property of any thing, but an essence, a condition for the full existence of an object.
Value as the totality of all objects human activity can be considered as "objective values", i.e., objects of a value relationship. Value itself is a certain significance of the object for the subject. Values are the essence and properties of an object, a phenomenon. These are also certain ideas, views, through which people satisfy their needs and interests.
The methods and criteria on the basis of which the procedures for evaluating the relevant phenomena are carried out are fixed in public consciousness and culture as well as subjective values. Thus, objective and subjective values are two pluses of a person's value attitude to the world around him.
What for one person may be a value, another may underestimate, or even not consider it a value at all, that is, value is always subjective.
From a formal point of view, values are divided into positive and negative (among them low value can be distinguished), absolute and relative, subjective and objective. According to the content, real values, logical and aesthetic values are distinguished.
Considering the essence and features of the concept of "values", scientists also use such concepts as "ethics of values", "philosophy of values". The first is connected with the works of N. Hartmann, the second - F. Nietzsche, who tried to carry out a reassessment of all values, "order them by rank."
Any historical public form life order, the life of people has not just separate values, but their system, a certain hierarchy of values. Without the assimilation of such a system of values by the personality, without determining one's own attitude towards them, not only the successful process of socialization of the personality is impossible, but also the corresponding maintenance of the normative order in society in general.
When they talk about a system of values, they mean not just a certain set of ideal means of human activity, but a specific cultural phenomenon, a kind of "pyramidal prism", in which and through which the whole system of real life relations between the subject and the world around him is refracted.
Value systems themselves do not exist in strict historical time frames. They make themselves felt outside (in terms of time) of the social community in which they arose and manifested themselves to the maximum. Let us take as an example the values of ancient times, or the Enlightenment, or those closest to our understanding, perception and feeling of the values of the recent socialist time, the nostalgic commitment to which remains in
many citizens and on the path of today's social social transformations, the transition from totalitarianism to democracy.
At one time, Marxism-Leninism denied any kind of relativism in the interpretation of values and promoted the ideas of historical continuity in the development of value systems. It is this kind of continuity (according to O. G. Drobnitsky and others) that contributes to the formation of the so-called system of universal human values, which are priorities in subsequent times and eras. In general, these statements are not groundless, because such values as Goodness, Humanism, Peace and many others, in fact, have a great social and universal significance (with only some features) at any time and even in various formations.
Priority is given to the individual values of people (personalities), because only a certain sum of them can represent social values, the values of the whole society.
The hierarchy of individual (personal) values is a kind of connecting link between the individual person (individual) and society, its culture as a whole. In other words, there is the spiritual world of the person himself and a certain culture of society, which are interconnected and interact through the values of a certain person.
Not all needs and values are clearly recognized and recognized by a person. At the same time, it is important to take into account the psychological circumstance that for the vast majority of people, they themselves are a super value, that is, "I am a value!" To a certain extent, this is an objective phenomenon, because the highest goal of a person is his self-realization, self-development and self-improvement.
A highly developed personality (let's remember Prometheus, Jesus Christ, Don Quixote, etc.) would rather sacrifice his own physical life than give up his "I-image". And although the development of individuality, personality is a complex, contradictory process, most often carried out through trial and error, it is wonderful that for each person the most important thing is their own development. It’s great that having achieved something, we can suddenly realize that we didn’t have time, couldn’t, didn’t do a lot. The main thing is that value orientations cannot be set or introduced by someone from outside. They are the result and prerequisites of the activity of a particular person.
Value orientations (or, more rarely, preferences) are a certain set of hierarchically interconnected values that sets the direction of a person's life activity.
From a young age, a person basically joins various values, understands for himself their essence and meaning. Further, in the process of learning, all-round development, accumulation of life experience, a person develops the ability to independently choose a system-forming value, that is, one that at the moment seems to him the most significant and at the same time sets a certain hierarchy of values.
In the consciousness of each person, personal values are reflected in the form of social, value orientations, which are figuratively called the "axis of consciousness", which ensures the stability of the individual. "Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed life experience individual, the totality of his experiences and limiting the significant, essential for this person from the insignificant, the insignificant.
An individual person can recognize many values as really existing, influencing his life, but not all of them he chooses and recognizes as his personal goals and tasks of life. One way or another, most of the conscious, recognized as one's own values, the desire to be guided by them allow a person to interact with other people, to contribute to the development of society, both materially and spiritually.
The value orientations of a person are formed into a certain system, which has (in the form of subsystems) three main directions: socio-structural orientations and plans; plans and orientation to a certain way of life; human activity and communication in the sphere of various social institutions.
Among the entire hierarchy of values, one can distinguish those that are universal, or global, that is, inherent in the maximum number of people, for example, Freedom, Labor, Creativity, Humanism, Solidarity, Humanity, Family, Nation, People, Children, etc.
The presence and development of individual values on a global scale does not always bring the desired results, first of all.
due to their inconsistency with local realities. For example, the values of the "consumer society" are incompatible with the needs of developing countries, because they simply cannot be satisfied. Citizens of such countries, especially young people, will simply not get anything but disappointment from promoting and cultivating such values. Thus, value orientations are:
1) ideological, political, moral, aesthetic and other assessments by a specific subject of the surrounding reality and orientation in it;
2) a way of a certain differentiation of objects by an individual according to their significance.
Value orientations are formed in the process of assimilation by a person of a certain social experience and are manifested in his goals, beliefs, interests, i.e., in the process of socialization.
In turn, socialization is the process of transferring the social experience of a given culture (roles, values, skills, knowledge, norms) to individual members of society. The purpose of socialization is to help the emerging personality survive and adapt in the social flow of certain difficulties, crises, and even various revolutions - environmental, energy, information, computer; to master the experience that older, previous generations have accumulated; understand and clarify one's vocation and determine one's own place in society; to independently find ways of the most effective adaptation to it.
The value orientations of a person not only determine the motivation of individual behavior, but in the aggregate (as a variety of ideas about social and political life) constitute the worldview of a person as a person.
In accordance with the orientation towards certain values, their hierarchy in the minds of young people, psychological and behavioral reactions to changes in the socio-political situation in countries in transition, several typological groups of young people can be identified and characterized.
The first group is young people who have retained the old values or at least give preference to them. Representatives of this group (approximately no more than 10%) support the communist, socialist, partly peasant parties in Ukraine,
are part of the Komsomol organizations. These young people are prone to protests, pickets, demonstrations, and other actions of social protest, both independently and together with older comrades who actively involve them in this, including with a view to subsequently changing the political course. To a large extent, such young people deny the path of market transformations, are open adherents of the authoritarian consciousness and sympathize with charismatic leaders and leaders.
The second group includes those who are diametrically opposed in their value orientations to the first group. These are young men and women who almost completely deny the values of the past, advocate the ideas of transforming society on the basis of the values that societies with a developed market economy and a high level of social security of citizens have. More than half of young people perceive the values of a market economy, uphold private property, give preference to the freedom of economic choice of each person (where to work or not to work at all). According to research conducted among the youth of Ukraine, almost two-thirds of young people consider themselves committed to the maximum enrichment of each person as a condition for creating a rich society.
The third group is young people (a very small number) who, although they criticize the values of a socialist society, do not completely deny them, but require some correction while maintaining such values. required attributes, as a single state, the basic principles of the structure of society. Young people belonging to this group are related to the labor and trade union movement, and promote the ideas of liberalism. In the case of a slow development of transformation processes towards a society with a market economy, the youth of this group will most likely replenish the first group, which is more determined to return the values of a planned-distributive, socialist society.
The fourth group includes young people who are characterized not only by the denial of the "old world", but intolerance to any values other than their own. Scientists define this type of people as quasi-revolutionary, because they are so radical that they not only seek to break off their relations with the old structures, but are also ready to destroy them, destroy them. Such young people are quite accurately characterized by radicalism, intolerance towards
accumulation, denial of objective historical continuity in the development of society and its citizens. There are many of them among the so-called "new" Bolsheviks, whose views have some specific national coloring. These are individual journalists, young writers, representatives of the technical and creative intelligentsia, publicists, parliamentarians, and students.
A more detailed division of youth into separate groups is also possible, taking into account those values, the basic foundations of which are not just the ideas of communism or capitalism (which looks very one-sided and primitive), but also liberalism, national democracy, national radicalism, nationalism, ochlocracy, utopianism and so on.
Similar information.
Nayanzina Evgenia Mikhailovna
The culture of youth and the problems of this socio-demographic group are now in the area of increased attention of Russian researchers. Such an interest is quite natural and is based on the fact that young people, being a full-fledged resource of society, determine the nature of the development of this society and embody in their life the possibilities of revealing the socio-cultural, socio-economic potential of the state. Against the background of the global trend of increasing the importance of the features of youth in the life of older generations and the transformations that are taking place in modern Russia, identifying the dominants of the value consciousness of young people seems to be an urgent task.
At the present stage, the values of Russian youth have changed significantly compared to the values of previous generations. In the absence of clear moral guidelines and ideas about what type of personality is in demand in modern Russian society, the value orientations of young people develop in many respects chaotically, are under the contradictory influence, on the one hand, of traditions. folk culture, and on the other - changing social conditions, instability, risk. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what is important for young people today, what are their life values. And what needs to be done in order to direct these landmarks in the right direction. First you need to understand what value orientations are.
Naturalistic psychologism(A. Meinong, R. B. Perry, J. Dewey and C. I. Lewis), who argues that the source of values lies in the biopsychologically interpreted human needs, and the values themselves can be empirically fixed as some facts.
Transcendentalism, which was developed in the Baden school of neo-Kantianism (W. Windelband, G. Rickert) and is associated with the idea of value as an ideal being, not related to empirical, but to "pure", or transcendental, consciousness. Being ideal, values do not depend on human needs. This raises the problem of the ontological nature of "normative consciousness". Ideal being, i.e., values, must somehow be connected with reality. And here it is possible either to return to the subjective empirical consciousness, an idealizing abstraction, from which pure normativity emerges, or to take the position of pure spiritualism, postulating a superhuman “logos”.
Personalistic ontologism, prominent representative, which was M. Scheler. He developed the second of the two possibilities mentioned above, connected with the idea of "logos". The reality of the value world, according to
Scheler, is guaranteed by the "timeless axiological series in God", an imperfect reflection of which is the structure of the human personality. The type of personality is determined by its inherent hierarchy of values, which forms the ontological basis of personality. N. Hartmann tried to free axiology from religious premises, but this again confronted him with the problem of the independent existence of the sphere of values.
Cultural-historical relativism, at the origins of which stood V. Dilthey. It is characterized by the idea of axiological pluralism, i.e., the plurality of equal value systems identified using the historical method. Many followers of Dilthey were characterized by an intuitive approach to the interpretation of the value meaning of cultures (for example, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee, P. Sorokin, and others).
Sociologism, which is associated with such names as M. Weber, F. Znaniecki, T. Parsons, and others. Thus, M. Weber, in his “understanding sociology”, adopted from the neo-Kantians the concept of value as a norm, the way of being of which is significance for the subject, and applied it to the interpretation of social action and social knowledge. Later, F. Znaniecki and, especially in the school of structural and functional analysis T. Parsons, the concept of value acquired a generalized methodological meaning as a means of identifying social ties and the functioning of social institutions. The assimilation of values and norms, the development of a system of value orientations at the level of the individual is necessary basis formation of personality and maintenance of normative order in society. The empirical study of value orientations occupies a significant place in sociological studies of education, professional choice, social and labor activity, and other problems.
The topic of value orientations has occupied one of the leading places since its institutionalization (studies by I. S. Kon, V. T. Lisovsky, V. I. Chuprov, etc.). In various concepts of youth, it is considered in close connection with the definition of the specifics of youth (the concept social development youth by V. I. Chuprova, the concept of youth in a risk society by Yu. A. Zubok, the thesaurus concept of youth by V. A. Lukov, etc.).
V. T. Lisovsky was one of the first to put forward the very definition of youth in 1968: “this is the generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating education, professional, cultural and other social functions» . Igor Kon defined youth as a socio-demographic group that stands out on the basis of a combination of age characteristics, social status, and due to socio-psychological properties.
The grounds for separating young people into a separate group were: age, status, role functions. However, there is still no consensus on the age limit. In ancient China, young people were up to 20 years old, while Pythagoras defined youth within the framework of 20 to 40 years, calling it “Summer of Life”.
At an international symposium held in 1965 in Moscow, a definition of adolescence was given: 17-21 years for boys and 16-20 years for girls. However, modern scientists believe that the boundaries are very arbitrary and approximately youth can be defined at the age of 13 to 30 years. This entire interval can be divided into 3 subsections:
- teenagers under 18
- youth aged 18 to 24
- young adults aged 24 to 30.
The study of the value orientations of young people in domestic science makes it possible to identify the degree of its adaptation to new social conditions and its innovative potential . The state of society largely depends on what value foundation will be formed.
Value Orientations young man are a flexible and constantly corrected link between the individual and society. The world of the young is always turned to the future. At younger generation the orientation towards the meritocratic system of labor remuneration, the priorities of "private" life and social freedoms prevails.
We conducted a study on the topic "Value Orientations of Youth".
For the study, a survey method was chosen and a questionnaire was developed. This method was chosen because it is the most convenient for interviewing a large number of people in order to obtain a variety of information.
During the study, 250 people were interviewed: 122 boys and 128 girls aged 17 to 25 years. Students of the humanitarian, pedagogical, technical and physical culture orientation of Togliatti State University were interviewed. Basically, the people we interviewed are students (55.6%); 37.6% - with higher education, 5.2% with secondary education and 1.6% of respondents have specialized secondary education.
To get the most complete information we invited young people to rank the values we proposed. We took a list of values from M. Rokeach, concrete and abstract.
So, according to the results of the study among young people, the specific values are in the following order.
Active active life - 29.2% of respondents assigned the first rank of the indicated value when ranking, i.e. this value is the most important for them. Among men, 22.1% put an active active life in the first place, and 31.1% among women.
The second place, in the course of ranking, was occupied by health. 26% of all respondents assigned the second rank to him. Health was given the second place by 15.6% of men and 41.4% of women.
The fourth rank was assigned to materially secure life - 22.4%, 30.3% of men and 34.4% of women put this value in fourth place.
The presence of good and true friends ranks fifth in the list of young people's values, the fifth rank was assigned to this value by 22.8% of young people. Among men, 27.9% and 32% among women gave the fifth place to this value.
The sixth rank was assigned to an interesting work -28.8%. 29.5% of men and 36.7% of women decided that this value should be in sixth place in the list of values.
19.2% of respondents gave the seventh rank, and therefore the seventh place of a productive life. 36.1% of men and 34.4% of women assigned the seventh place to this value.
Slightly less than half of the respondents (38.4%) decided that public opinion should take the eighth, penultimate place in the list of specific values. Boys (20.5%) and girls (28.1%) do not consider this value important, therefore, in the ranking system, they assigned public opinion eighth rank.
In last place on our list, the value that 35.6% of young people assigned the ninth rank, the ninth place is pleasure. 29.5% of guys and 34.4% of girls left this value in last place.
Let's move on to abstract values. Here, the respondents also put down the rank, where the first rank is the most important value, and nine is the least important.
Thus, the first rank was assigned to love - 41.6% of respondents put it in first place. 45.9% of men and 39.8% of women believe that love is an important value.
An equally important value for today's youth is knowledge. 16.4% of young people assigned the second rank to this value, 26.2% of boys and 32% of girls.
The third place in the list of abstract values is occupied by the happiness of others, according to 12.8%. Almost the same number of young people (32.8%) and girls (34.4%) gave this value the third rank.
Self-confidence, as a value, ranks fourth, as decided by 25.6% of respondents. The fourth rank was assigned to this value by 27% of boys and 39.8% of girls.
19.2% of young people put development in fifth place. 24.6% of men and 22.7% of women believe that this value is not one of the main ones.
Respondents 22.8% decided that the beauty of nature and art is also not the main value and therefore assigned it the sixth place. 24.6% of men and 33.6% of women put the sixth rank.
Creativity is one of last places in the list of values. 22.4% believe that creativity should be ranked seventh. The seventh rank was assigned to creativity by 36.1% of men and 25% of women.
For 22.8% of respondents, freedom ranks eighth on the list of values. 30.3% of boys and 28.9% of girls gave the eighth rank of this value.
In the last place of abstract values among respondents (12.8%) is life wisdom. Men 26.2% and women 38.3% assigned the ninth rank to this value.
By ranking, we got the following results. The most important values are an active active life, health and a happy family life, as well as the love, knowledge and happiness of others. And the least important for the respondents is social recognition, pleasure, freedom and life wisdom.
Most of the respondents in the first place among the values put materially secure life - the hypothesis was not confirmed. In the first place, young people have an active, active life and love. And a materially secure life occupies only the fourth place, out of nine possible.
A happy family life is not a priority for young people. Despite the fact that this value does not take the first place in the list of values, young people gave it the third place, which shows its importance.
Respondents consider it necessary to have good and true friends. Of the nine possible ranks, this value was assigned the fifth rank. Which shows its low significance for young people.
Interesting work for the respondents is not the main value. In the list of values among young people, interesting work occupies one of the last places.
For young people, social recognition is at the bottom of the list of values.
A minority of respondents consider life wisdom an important value. Respondents assigned the ninth, least significant rank, to this particular value.
Young people do not see freedom as a value. Respondents put freedom on one of the last places in the list of values.
Self-confidence is one of the main values of young people, this hypothesis was confirmed.
The study showed that for the younger generation, such values as love, a happy family life, and self-confidence are important. In general, for young people, values of a moral nature rather than material ones are in the first place.
Bibliographic list
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Value Orientation Methodology (M. Rokeach) [Document accessed: March 5, 2011] - Accessed via http://www.psihologu.info/content/view/58/2/
Value Orientations of Modern Russian YouthThe processes taking place in Russia in the post-perestroika period have changed not only the economic and political life society, but also everyday ideas of people about the meaning and values of individual and social life. The understanding of the essence of success in life, the goals and means of achieving them, has been transformed, not only researchers, but also ordinary people are increasingly paying attention to the ongoing processes of spiritual and moral erosion of society. At the same time, young people are certainly the most vulnerable and receptive to the ongoing changes. Thus, according to the majority of respondents, modern young people are characterized by indifference to any ideals and a cynical attitude towards life (more than 64% of young people and 70% of older people think so). Moreover, the spread of cynical sentiments and "moral relativism" is more typical for the youngest representatives of the younger generation. In addition, according to studies, young people have become more unscrupulous compared to the 90s (an increase in the number of opinions (by 7%) is recorded that one should strive to improve one's material well-being, regardless of the method of obtaining it). Many young people agree that we live in a different time and that some moral values and norms are already outdated and do not make sense (46%). But what is interesting is that every third respondent of the older generation adheres to the same position, who, in fact, should pass on their moral experience to the young.
As S.P. Kapitsa, we live “in non-diabatic conditions, like in a blast wave, when absolutely everything is not in balance. And conscience, morality, the moral foundations of society are evidence of spiritual balance, which is achieved by slow evolution. ... But, since we are in a state of profound change, ... the old principles simply do not keep up with evolving. Modern society, echoes A.S. Zapesotsky, we experience great difficulties with the transfer of morality from the old society to the new one. The results of acceleration are clearly manifested in pedagogy. used to be a child could learn moral norms in family conditions. As social development accelerates, social institutions who should instill values along with family. Further, already the company of peers begins, in its own way, to influence maturing young people, which often goes against generally accepted norms. Today, the family and educational institutions no longer work, the role of religion as a traditional institution of support is changing. moral principles. In such a situation, television, which has an impact on the whole society as a whole, acquires a decisive role in maintaining morality. But this institution at the present stage, in fact, carries immoral values. And it turns out that society starts from scratch, discarding everything accumulated by previous generations in the field of morality.
In conditions when the previously existing instances cannot ensure the morality of society, the only Possible Solution, according to A.A. Huseynov, consists in the fact that the instance that supports morality is delegated to the acting individual himself. “Either we will switch to this mechanism, which is most adequate to the very essence of morality, precisely as the most intimate instance in man, or humanity is finished.” Doesn't this mean that imbalance modern society should make the mechanisms of regulation themselves non-equilibrium? Today, the role of the paternalistic principle is being intensively reduced and the individual responsibility of the individual for his actions and their moral content is increasing. However, for this it is necessary that the internal regulation of one's own actions be effective and correlate with the expedient existence of the whole society; so that personal freedom correlates with internal moral responsibility, which is still unattainable for modern individuals.
Modern youth appreciates such liberal values as freedom, independence, justice, which may be associated with the beginning of the dominance of individualistic tendencies in the Russian youth environment and the decrease in collectivist principles, leading to a crisis. social identity. The atomization of an individual in a society in which there are no sufficient socio-psychological compensation mechanisms leads to an increase in the alienation of people from each other.
The leisure activity of a significant part of Russian youth is based mainly on a hedonistic component aimed at momentary pleasures and entertainment; they have become more consumerist and Westernized, which distracts from a higher culture. become an integral part of leisure music shows, dancing, television, cinema, Internet. Sports are also popular, an important factor of which is active propaganda sports image life, conducted "from above".
Modern conditions life deform the historically established hierarchy of universal and Russian cultural property. Outstanding achievements of folk and classical national culture are replaced in the minds of young people by westernized, often low-quality values. mass culture American sample. One of the studies revealed that the artistic world in the value orientations of young people is mainly represented by American actors, although Russian actors are also mentioned, but not in such numbers. Musically, representatives of the classical genres and folk music. This is not surprising, given that these genres are practically not represented in modern television and broadcasting.
One of the important indicators of young people's value orientations is their attitude towards religion. It is possible to understand the peculiarities of the religious consciousness and behavior of Russian youth only taking into account the presence of opposing trends in the modern world: on the one hand, there is an increase in the popularity of religion, an increase in its role in society, and on the other, an increase in the processes of globalization, ideological uncertainty and the secularization of religious values. Studies show a weakening of the position of unbelief, compared with the Soviet period, an increase in religiosity, as well as an increase in the influence of various religious denominations and organizations. At the same time, there is a lack of depth and clarity in the religious consciousness of young people, it is characterized by blurring, very few follow the canons and rites of religion. There are many for whom religion is not an internal position, not life choice, but simply following the "fashion for religion." Today's youth demonstrates a duality of attitude and behavior when it comes to religious and moral pressure. Virtually all young people do things that the religious leaders say are not moral or permitted. And at the same time, they usually consider themselves believers, they can distinguish good from evil and are convinced of the important role of religion in society. All this testifies to the contradictory nature of the religious revival in Russia.
In the religious self-identification of young respondents, a paradox was noted, consisting in a mismatch between the number of believers and adherents of certain faiths (of which there are many more). This fact can be explained by the identification in the minds of young people of religion with culture and the national way of life in general, since religion is a necessary element of national identity. In particular, Russianness is usually associated with Orthodoxy and with the role played by the Russian Orthodox Church in the historical past. The same can be said about Islam - its close connection with the national culture of peoples. Studies record this phenomenon in all regions of Russia. It "serves as the basis for the process of confessionalization of ethno-political movements" .
In general, it should be noted that the ideological vacuum that has formed in our country after the rejection of the values and ideals of the Soviet era cannot yet be filled with any other integral system of a secular nature. Therefore, many young people turn to religious ideas and values, which, however, are very superficial in the minds of young people.
As the results of numerous studies show, the family, along with the value of material well-being, occupies a leading position in the value system of modern youth. The vast majority of young people want to have children, but there are also many who have fears that they can start a family or meet a loved one. Moreover , polls record a growth trend of such fears over the past ten years .
Sexual relations are finally desacralized and reduced to the level of biological instincts. Sexual relations between the sexes are becoming less and less connected with the process of procreation. It is significant that in modern Russia there are thirteen abortions per ten newborns. The result of the sexual revolution was that physiological pleasure, which has always been a means for procreation, becomes an end in itself. From here, the reproductive function of the relationship between the sexes fades into the background and is supplanted by the hedonistic, consumerist. Against the backdrop of all sexual life of a person, the birth of children, and even in family conditions, these are extremely rare cases, in relation to which new, more progressive methods of reproducing people are already being developed today.
The traditional gender roles of men and women are being erased, bringing to the fore a model of a person abstracted from gender differences. With regard to the distribution of roles in the family, in one of the Russian studies, more than half of the young people surveyed are in favor of an equal family, where a woman should play an active role along with a man. Orientation to partner marriage, thus, is defining in ideas about family relations. In the worldview of modern youth, the importance of women in the material support of the family is growing - this position is especially held by the majority of male representatives.
As can be seen from our analysis, today's youth have conflicting attitudes and value orientations and the absence of any holistic picture of the world. It is also noteworthy that the values of young people living in different types of settlements and with different levels of education, as studies show, are similar to each other. This leads to the formation of a largely uniform perception of reality, in which the priority position among young people is occupied by individualistic values. market economy and, above all, the desire for a high socio-professional status. In general, the value consciousness of young people is characterized by the coexistence of opposing judgments, expressing its ambivalence, as well as eclecticism; the predominance of utilitarian and hedonistic attitudes; instrumental attitude to labor activity (as a means) and the displacement of terminal values (those who consider labor as an end in itself) into the background. In the post-perestroika period, there has been an increase in the importance of the family, which, however, is closely interconnected with the loss of the value of labor, the work collective as a significant support in the life of an individual, guidelines for social activities. In the minds of today's Russian youth, socially significant values are being replaced by landmarks of an individualistic order.
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9. Conscience: a useless property of the soul? : round table on issues of morality and spirituality. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise, 2010. 136 p.
One of the topical branches of modern sociology is the sociology of youth. This topic is very complex and includes whole line aspects: these are age-related psychological characteristics, and sociological problems of upbringing and education, the influence of the family and the team, and a number of others. The problem of youth and its role in public life is especially acute in post-perestroika Russia. The time of global reforms, which can be called reforms with a big stretch (I think that reform implies two aspects: directly predetermining the paths of the change being made and forecasting, foreseeing the consequences of this change) that swept Russia unexpectedly and irrevocably, "broke" the system of the former " morality”, essentially turning everything moral values. The process of socialization as the transfer to the younger generation of the norms and traditions developed by previous generations was disrupted, because the ideology has changed dramatically, leaving no other choice than the most real struggle for survival. The older generation, whose memory is still fresh in the memory of "the days of bygone days", is difficult to adapt to the current conditions, while maintaining the old system of values; it is even more difficult for the younger generation in this regard, because he does not yet have his own system of values, and if he does, it is conditional ... and in general, values as such are relative for young people, although they are by no means immoral, as is commonly believed.
It can be said that the styles of communication, worldview, and value priorities that are already being formed today are becoming a serious basis for the trends in the development of the social structure of the “post-transitional” Russian society.
Youth has always been scolded - both in the papyri of Ancient Egypt, and in the letters and essays of the ancient Greeks, one can find complaints that “the youth has gone wrong”, that the former purity of morals has been lost, etc., etc. Even today, young people are being reproached from all sides for immorality, for rejecting traditional values for Russians, for mercantilism, and so on. How true are these accusations? As the study shows, they are no more true than the reproaches of the ancient Egyptians.
First of all, we note that the vast majority of young people (70%) have the main goal of life. Only 9.0% of young people do not have it (21.0% did not think about it). To the question posed in an open form, what is this main goal, the dream of life, the answers given in Figure 1 were received.
Table 1. Distribution of the main life goals of young people.
|
life goals |
% of respondents |
|
have a good family | |
|
get a good education | |
|
get a job Good work | |
|
have your own apartment | |
|
make a lot of money | |
|
secure a future for children | |
|
open your business | |
|
live in abundance | |
|
buy expensive things |
As can be seen, both spiritual and moral and purely pragmatic, material life goals are characteristic of modern Russian youth.
And how do young people assess their ability to really, practically achieve goals in various areas of life? The answers to this already closed question (in comparison with the older generation) are given in Tables 2 and 3.
Table 2. What young people have been striving for, striving for and what they have already achieved in life, %
|
Areas of Success |
Already achieved | |||
|
Get a good education | ||||
|
Get a prestigious job | ||||
|
Create a strong, happy | ||||
|
Create your own business | ||||
|
Become a rich person | ||||
|
Study favorite thing | ||||
|
Become famous to get people's attention | ||||
Table 3
What did the older generation strive for, strive for and what has already been achieved in life, %
|
Areas of Success |
Already achieved |
They haven't achieved it yet, but they think they can do it |
We would like to, but it is unlikely that we will be able to achieve this |
It wasn't in their life plans. |
|
Get a good education | ||||
|
Get a prestigious job | ||||
|
Create a strong happy family | ||||
|
Create your own business | ||||
|
Become a rich person | ||||
|
Do what you love | ||||
|
Become famous to get people's attention | ||||
|
visit different countries peace |
It is easy to see that in terms of their life goals, both generations are in many ways similar, with the only difference being that, due to their age, the elders have already achieved a lot, while young people have yet to do so. At the same time, the younger generation values their opportunities much higher than the older generation in terms of creating a strong, happy family, getting a good education and a prestigious job, visiting different countries of the world, starting their own business, etc. What has a greater influence on these differences: less social experience and more pronounced life optimism of young people, or their confidence that in the new socio-economic and political conditions it will be easier for them than their parents to achieve the desired results?
Most likely, there is both. It is important, however, to emphasize that “prosperous” and “unfavorable” young people have significantly different ideas about their achievements and future opportunities. Suffice it to say that among the “prosperous” 11.7% believe that they have already become rich, and another 63.2% believe that they will achieve this. At the same time, among the "unfortunate" the number of those who expect to get rich is only 25.7%, and the majority (52.3%) is sure that they will never be able to become rich, although they want to. The rest (22.0%) believe that they do not need wealth.
But can something prevent young people from realizing their life plans? And in general, is today's youth afraid of anything in their lives? As follows from the data presented in Table 4, most of all young people today are afraid of being left without material means of subsistence, they are afraid of rampant crime, they are afraid of being left without friends, losing their jobs and the dictatorship of power, which can lead to a restriction of their freedom of action.
Table 4
What are Russian youth afraid of today?
|
Concerns |
% of respondents |
|
inability to get an education | |
|
be left without a livelihood | |
|
crime | |
|
problems with getting a job | |
|
To lose a job | |
|
be without friends | |
|
not meet a loved one | |
|
fail to start a family | |
|
dictatorship of power |
Basically, the same fears are characteristic of the older generation. The only thing that attracts attention is the higher vitality that is natural for young people, which allows them to psychologically more easily experience real and possible life difficulties, more often to be in a good mood (see Table 3).
Table 5. What feelings did young people and the older generation most often experience in 1997, %.
|
The youth |
Older generation |
|
|
Emotional uplift, feeling of cheerfulness | ||
|
Normal vitality, even feelings | ||
|
A state of unbalance, a feeling of anxiety | ||
|
A state of indifference, a feeling of apathy | ||
|
It depends | ||
|
Difficult to answer |
Turning to the issue of value orientations, to their intergenerational comparison, one should immediately emphasize the revealed continuity of the value systems of the generations of “fathers” and “children”. Although, of course, there are certain differences in them, arising from the nature of the current socio-economic conditions. To confirm this thesis, let us first of all refer to the data in Table 5, which very eloquently reflect the choice of alternative value judgments by representatives of the youth and the older generation.
Table 6
. Value orientations of young people and the older generation, %
|
Younger generation |
Value Orientations |
Older generation |
|
My financial situation in the present and future depends primarily on me | ||
|
Little depends on me - it is important what the economic situation will be in the country | ||
|
To achieve success in life, one must take risks, this gives a chance | ||
|
In life, it is better not to take risks, but gradually, but reliably build your career | ||
|
People should achieve material success themselves, and those who do not want this, let them live in poverty - this is fair | ||
|
It is necessary to show humanity, those who have materially succeeded should help and take care of those who have not succeeded. | ||
|
Only interesting work is worth spending a significant part of life | ||
|
The main thing in the work is how much they pay for it | ||
|
We must strive to have any income, regardless of how they are received | ||
|
A person must have the income that he earned in an honest way | ||
|
Freedom is something without which human life loses its meaning | ||
|
The main thing in life is material well-being, and freedom is secondary | ||
|
Standing out among others and being a bright personality is better than living like everyone else | ||
|
To live like everyone else is better than to stand out among others | ||
|
The modern world is cruel, in order to survive and succeed, you need to fight for your place in it, or even step over some moral norms | ||
|
I would rather not achieve material well-being and make a career, but I will never step over my conscience and moral standards |
As we see, core values youth (fourth and sixth couples) and the older generation are very close. Both those and others are focused more on interesting work than on earnings. Both those and others for the most part prefer freedom to material well-being. It is no coincidence that the number of young Russians who called goals related to material consumption their dream (to have their own apartment, earn a lot of money, live in prosperity, go on a trip, etc.) is less than those who were focused on the goals of a “non-consumer” plan (have a good family, raise good children, get a good education, etc.).
At the same time, the analysis of a number of instrumental values that answer not so much the question “what is more important in life” as the question “under what conditions and how to realize life goals”, demonstrating a fairly high level of continuity, at the same time shows the main vector changes in the value systems of the generation that grew up in market conditions reforms. First of all, the value of solidarity, the readiness to take care of the poor members of society, should be mentioned here. It would seem that the shift that has taken place in this area is very small, and the number of supporters of solidarity among older ages is only 7% more than among young people. But as a result of this shift, the sign of choice by the younger generation is reversed. And if among the older generation the majority believes that those who have materially succeeded should help and take care of those who have not succeeded, then among the youth the majority is convinced that people should achieve material success themselves.
However, the conviction of young Russians that poverty is the fair lot of those who have not ensured their material well-being is by no means a manifestation of their cruelty or selfishness. Here we are dealing with a phenomenon of a deeper order - the breakdown of the collectivist-paternalistic type of consciousness, originating in the Russian community, which took care of its poorest members. To replace it, the modern youth environment includes a model of individualistic utilitarian consciousness of the Western type. The cornerstone of this type consciousness - a person who "does himself" and, therefore, is himself responsible for the consequences of all your actions. And it is no coincidence that in the first three and seventh pairs of value judgments, which reflect the opposite of the initiative-individualistic and paternalistic-collectivist types of consciousness, the answers of young people were distributed qualitatively differently than the answers of representatives of the older generation.
Certain differences are also revealed among young people themselves. If among “prosperous” young Russians 84.3% were convinced that their financial situation in the present and future depends primarily on themselves, then among the “unfavorable” - only 49.6%. Accordingly, two-thirds of the “prosperous” young Russians were convinced that people should achieve material success themselves, and those who do not want this should live in poverty - and this is fair (see Table 7).
Table 7
Prevalence of initiative and paternalistic ideals among “prosperous” and “unfavorable” Russian youth, %.
In general, the same trend is characteristic of the older generation. 55.6% of “prosperous” and 38.9% of “unfavorable” representatives of senior citizens believe that the well-being of everyone should depend on their own efforts. age groups. Of these, 44.4% and 58.2%, respectively, were supporters of the idea that the financially successful should take care of the rest. The given data allow us to say that the individualistic and paternalistic orientations that exist among the youth (as well as among the older generation) have acquired a relatively complete form among young people. This was reflected in the growth of individualistic sentiments and the fall in the prevalence of paternalistic expectations. “Prosperous” young Russians are even less inclined to help the poor than their “fathers”, but “unfavorable” young people are less likely to expect help from successful fellow citizens than their parents.
Finally, as the above data show, in the group of moral values (fifth and eighth pairs), young Russians demonstrated a certain continuity with the older generation, although the shifts that have taken place in this area still cannot but alert. Thus, the majority of young Russians are convinced that it is better not to achieve material well-being and not make a career than to step over their conscience and morality for this. But still 43.8% of them, i.e. almost half are ready to fight for their place in life and cross over moral norms for the sake of their well-being. Among the older generation, this ratio was 75.5% and 23.8%, respectively.
However, these discrepancies reflect differences in the goals of young people and the older generation rather than a real readiness for young people to violate the norms of morality, and even more so - rights. The conviction that one can have only “honest” incomes, and not any, has already divided, for example, two-thirds of young Russians. At the same time, the fact that every third representative of the youth is convinced that any income is good, regardless of how they are received, is a very alarming fact. For the older generation, this figure is half as much - 17.6%.
The legal nihilism of young people also attracts attention, however, it is practically identical to the legal nihilism of the older generation. Suffice it to say that only every tenth representative of the youth and every seventh representative of the older generation are ready to unconditionally obey the requirements of the law. The bulk of both those and others are ready to do this only on one condition - that the law is the same for everyone, and the authorities will follow the norms of the law in the same way as all other citizens.
The only thing that inspires optimism in the answers to the question about the attitude to the law is the revealed relatively small part (about a third) of those who in their behavior tend to focus not so much on the law as on their understanding of justice. This allows us to hope that the construction of a rule of law state, which is based on the norms of the law, has certain prospects in Russia.
An important aspect of this study was also an attempt to consider not only the declared positions, but also the real forms of negative behavior of young people. In general, the survey showed (see Table 6) that the proportion of those in whose social experience such behavior took place is quite significant, but still less than one might assume, judging by the most popular newspaper clichés. Quite widespread among young people are smoking, drinking hard liquor, engaging in premarital sex.
Table 8
Prevalence among young people of various forms of negative behavior, %
|
Did you have to… |
Often |
Rare, only tried |
They didn’t do it themselves, but they don’t blame others for it. |
Didn't have to, are opponents of such actions |
Didn't want to answer the question | |
|
Drink strong drinks | ||||||
|
Deliberately deceiving someone to achieve your goals | ||||||
|
use drugs | ||||||
|
give bribes | ||||||
|
Avoid taxes | ||||||
|
Have sex before marriage | ||||||
|
Use sexual relations to achieve selfish goals | ||||||
|
Have sexual relations with a person of the same gender |
For other forms of negative behavior, the figures are noticeably lower. At the same time, the high percentage of those who refused to define their position on them suggests that the actual figures characterizing their prevalence among young people may be somewhat higher.
Who is the first to fall into groups with negative behavior? Of course, there are many factors at work here at the same time, which are largely related to the individual characteristics of young people, and yet some general patterns can be distinguished. To do this, it is necessary, first of all, to separate the forms of behavior included in the study into deviant economic behavior (bribes, tax evasion) and everyday deviant behavior (drugs, homosexuality, sex for selfish purposes).
Economic forms of deviation are typical mainly for men of the older age group of young people (8.4% of young people under the age of 20 years old, and 15.0% of those aged 24-26 years old, evaded taxes; every fourth Russian over 24 years old and every sixth Russian aged up to 20 years old). Employees of private enterprises paid bribes twice as often as employees of state enterprises. An important factor in economic deviation was also the professional activity of young people: young entrepreneurs evaded taxes and paid bribes three times more often than, for example, the humanitarian intelligentsia, who have the lowest level of these forms of deviation. In terms of significance, the professional affiliation factor was comparable only with vertical mobility during the reforms (but not with the level of material well-being, which practically did not matter!). Among those who have won during the reforms, economic deviation is twice as common as among those who consider themselves losers.
As for everyday deviation, here the picture is rather motley. Sexual relations for selfish purposes are more likely to be used by young people whose parents have not achieved success in life (12.6% against 8.1% of those whose father has achieved success in life); rural residents, workers and service sector workers (12.6%, 10.2% and 10.0% respectively), who won during the reforms (11.8% with 6.9% among the losers). Gender, age, financial situation and education (except for the lack of even a secondary education) did not matter.
Federal Agency for Education
State educational institution higher professional education
"Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University"
Institute of Youth Policy and Social Work
Department of Social Work
Sociological research
"Value Orientations of Youth"
Completed by a student of the group SR - 22
Specialty 040101.65 Social work
Specialization Social work with youth
Full-time form of education
Supervisor:
Novosibirsk 2012
Content:
Introduction ……………………………………………………….………………………….………….3
Section 1. The concept of value……………………………….…………………….………...…………4
1.1 Classification of values…………………………..…..…………………….…………..……..6
Survey by questionnaire;
Hypothesis:
Experimental base
Section 1. The concept of "value"
Value is special kind reality. It does not exist by itself, although it is connected not only with man, but also with the objective world. The world is full of values - material (things, money, property...), artistic (works of art and literature...), natural (sunrise, seas, flowers, landscapes...), actually human (laughter, beauty of eyes, courageous act...).
Value is always and at the same time the value of something (someone), and the value for someone. We emphasize once again: its basis can be objective reality, products of human creativity and the content of consciousness: respectively, stone, water, car, theory, image, etc. But the value is necessarily anthropogenic, since it arises in the process of human action and comprehension, in the process human evaluations of people, society, ideas, objects of culture or nature.
Strictly speaking, all living beings are endowed with the ability to prefer one thing over another - the very need for self-preservation forces them to fear something in the world, to reach out for something. Moreover, the animal protects its offspring, and, therefore, can love. However, it is hardly possible to speak of values in the full sense of the word in beings who are not able to give themselves an account of them.
Among all the creations of the Universe, only man is able to evaluate the nature, the results of his actions, and at the same time is capable of self-esteem.
Types of values can be very different: objective, virtual, non-existent in nature (dreams, ideals), fantastic. But in any case, they acquire the status of values with the potential or actual existence of a person, that is, one who is able to appreciate. A diamond has no value if it never falls into human hands. A car is nothing more than a pile of iron if it was abandoned by hijackers where no one will ever find it and if everyone forgot about it.
Values exist where and when a person exists.
A specific sign of the existence of value is significance. Significance is synonymous with value, but only if it is a positive significance. Values can also be negative.
Values are material and spiritual, however, in any case, they are established (i.e., constituted) by a person, therefore they contain a certain virtuality associated with the fact that the assessment itself is a matter of a person’s mind, his taste, preferences, sympathies, needs , goals, ideals, etc.
It is clear that neither the mind, nor everything else connected with the evaluating abilities of a person, are not some kind of objects, but belong to the area of his subjectivity, which is also transferred to values. However, speech in this case it is not about subjectivism, understood as arbitrariness or uncontrollable whim, especially not about egoism or selfishness, but about subjectivity as an area of the inner world of a rational person who has consciousness, freedom, conscience and other purely human qualities.
Here we come to one very important point. It is necessary to distinguish the valuable as simply useful, beneficial or necessary, as a means to something else, from value in its full and highest, specifically human sense words. What is the difference? Value-benefit can always be measured and, accordingly, compensated by another value, but any higher value is absolute in its own way and its loss is irreplaceable; such value is what is often called "priceless". Roughly speaking, one cannot specify its price or monetary value (after all, money embodies the idea of measure and exchange). This is what the English writer and playwright Oscar Wilde had in mind in his well-known aphorism: "The cynic knows the price of everything, but he does not know the values."
Higher values are, as it were, self-valuable for a person; he is disgusted by the very idea of using them only as a means to achieve his goals. This makes the concept of the highest value related to such a concept as a shrine (apparently, at the dawn of mankind, the highest values of a person were still only religious). Emphasizing the exclusive nature of any value, we often use this term metaphorically.
The criterion of indispensability, self-worth easily separates the simple price from the true value: everything alive and everything truly loved by us, regardless of its scale, is irreplaceable. So, a favorite picture or a view from a window will never be replaced for us by others that are a hundred times more expensive, recognized or luxurious; any trinket associated, say, with the memory of close person, for us the most useful thing of the same purpose is more expensive; a missing kitten cannot be replaced by another bought on the market. And of course, according to the famous formula of Immanuel Kant, any person can be for us only an end (value in itself) and never a means.
Values play a colossal, more than that, decisive role in people's lives. They have the function of landmarks, form complex world meanings and symbols, form the basis of individual or collective judgments and actions. They have regulatory and regulatory components.
1.1 Classification of values:
It is possible to distinguish and classify values according to many criteria: “by the objective characteristics of phenomena that act as values (material and spiritual, large and small); by subject (values of society, people, nation, class, party, collective, individual); according to the type of needs of the subject (moral, economic, political, religious, medical, etc. values)”.
Objective (natural good and evil, utility, social good and evil, moral good and evil) and subjective (social attitudes and assessments, imperatives and prohibitions, goals and projects expressed in the form of normative representations) values are only two poles of a person's value attitude to the world; the first act as its objects (objects of need and interest, taken only in their subjective psychological expression, in the form of aspirations, preferences, etc.), and the second - as an expression of the same attitude on the part of the subject, in which interests and needs are translated into the language of the ideal, the conceivable, the imagined. Therefore, objective values are the objects of evaluation and prescription, while subjective values are the method and criterion for these evaluations and prescriptions.
Values are arranged in a certain hierarchical system. Researchers classify values in different ways. For example, from the point of view (of the author of the article “Value” in the Russian Sociological Encyclopedia), the value system of a social subject may include following values:
Meaningful values (ideas of good and evil, good, happiness);
· Universal values:
· Vital values (life, health, personal security, welfare, family, relatives, education, qualifications, property rights, law and order, etc.);
· Democratic values (freedom of speech, conscience, parties, national sovereignty, guarantees of social equality and justice, etc.);
· Values of public recognition (hard work, qualifications, social status, etc.);
· Values of interpersonal communication (honesty, disinterestedness, benevolence, decency, mutual assistance, tolerance, fidelity, love, etc.);
Values of personal development (self-esteem, desire for education, free development of one's abilities, unhindered access to universal culture, freedom of creativity and self-realization, values national language and culture, etc.).
Section 2. Conducting a sociological study on the topic: "Value orientations of youth."
2.1 Research program.
Object of study: students of NSPU IMPiSR.
Subject of study: moral values of modern society.
Goal of the work: find out what moral values are a priority for today's youth.
Research objectives:
1. To study the literature on this issue;
2. Compose a questionnaire that would allow you to test the hypothesis;
3. Conduct a survey among students;
4. Process the received personal data and present the results;
5. Analyze the obtained data and test the hypothesis.
Research methods:
Analysis of scientific literature;
Survey by questionnaire;
Hypothesis: I suggested that for today's youth, those qualities that have been valued at all times have not lost their value: responsiveness, intelligence, kindness. I believe that in the course of the survey, these qualities will be named by our respondents as a priority. I also assumed that health, family, education, and a prestigious job would be valuable for our respondents.
Experimental base are students of the IMPiSR. The study involved 30 people.
2.2 Analysis of the results
30 people took part in the survey.
Picture 1
Basically, these are young people studying in 2-3 courses.
Well | ||||
Number of persons |
Figure 2
The processed data indicate that most of the respondents think about their future and have the main goal in life (75%). This indicates that they purposefully carry out the implementation of their plans. 13% of respondents answered that they do not yet have a goal in life, and 12% of respondents have not yet thought about this issue.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/304/images/image004_2.png" width="512" height="298 id=">
Figure 4
The majority of respondents believe that the main life goal is to be healthy, this was noted by 35% of respondents. In second place is living in abundance, 26% of respondents answered this way. In third place is the desire to have a good family (24%). 8% consider it important for themselves to have good friends. Only 5% want to get a good education, and only 2% want to start their own business.
Figure 5
Most students are concerned about problems with finding a job (35%). Also, young people are afraid not to meet a loved one and be left without a livelihood (26-27%). Only 7% express fears in connection with the growth of crime. And only 5% are worried about the inability to get an education.
Free time exhibitions and museums, 14% of students answered this way, 13% of respondents, 87% of them men, prefer to play computer games. The most unpopular answers were: go shopping and sleep. The respondents also offered their own answers: they go in for sports, dance, spend time with friends, etc.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/304/images/image008_2.png" width="510" height="296 id=">
Figure 8
42% of respondents believe that studying will allow them to acquire a profession, a large number (22%) receive education in order to establish themselves among their relatives, the answers “become educated” and independent living received almost the same number of votes. Only 7% of respondents study in order to become rich.
Figure 9
Among the qualities most valued by students are responsiveness, purposefulness, self-confidence, kindness, intelligence. Initiative and beauty are little valued.
Figure 10
The survey showed that the majority of respondents are self-centered and pursue only their own goals (92%)
Figure 11
The survey showed that 3/4 of IMPiSR students have never given a bribe and 19% do not condemn other people who give bribes. 16% of respondents gave a bribe once. And 4% have already repeatedly given bribes.
Figure 12
The result of the answers to this question was very pleasing: students tend to work in order to have fun. 38% of respondents want to work in order to get a lot of money, 4% of respondents prefer not to stand out among others. 6% of respondents offered their answers, including: good bosses, friendly team, not difficult work.
Figure 13
72% of respondents believe that it is necessary to show humanity, those who are financially successful should take care of those who are successful. For 17%, spiritual values are more important, material ones do not have of great importance. 1/10 of the students surveyed believe that everyone should take care of themselves, the rich should not help the poor.
Figure 14
Almost half of the respondents (42%) believe that future work should make a lot of money. I am glad that almost the same number (39%) believe that a person should bring help to people with his activity, and only 13% decided that the profession should be prestigious. 6% of respondents offered their own answers: work should be fun, my parents should like it, etc.
Figure 15
From the survey, it can be understood that 41% of the surveyed students of the IMPiSR, having received education, are not going to work in their specialty. For 35% of the students surveyed, life goals partially coincide with their future profession. And only 25% of respondents do not doubt the choice of their future.
Conclusion
After analyzing the obtained data, we came to the following conclusions:
Most of the students have a goal in life;
Health and family are of the greatest value;
· Money is not a priority value of students,
although a quarter of the respondents believe that the main value of life is
live in abundance. Here we see some contradiction in the answers of our respondents.
Most of all, students are afraid of problems with employment in the future
and not meet a loved one.
· In people, the respondents value responsiveness, kindness and intelligence most of all, but at the same time they do not value initiative.
Thus, I can conclude that my hypothesis turned out to be correct; in terms of the main indicators, the answers of my respondents coincided with my assumptions. Modern youth appreciates responsiveness, kindness, intelligence in people, and also consider health, family and education to be the main values for themselves.
Today's youth are characterized by both spiritual and moral and purely pragmatic material life goals.
Application - questionnaire
Value orientations of youth.
Dear respondent, we are conducting a social survey on the topic "Value Orientations of the Youth of Novosibirsk (specifically IM&SR)" and we will be grateful if you answer the questions of our questionnaire. The survey is conducted anonymously.
Your age:
1. Do you have a purpose in life?
c) didn't think about it.
2. Choose the most valuable thing for you in life (no more than 3 answers):
a) career
c) money;
d) friends;
e) education
e) health.
3. What life goals do you consider the most important for yourself (no more than 3 answers):
a) open your own business;
b) have a good family;
c) live in abundance;
d) have good friends;
e) get a good education;
e) be healthy.
4. What causes fear and uncertainty in your later life(no more than 2 answers):
a) inability to get an education;
b) be left without means of subsistence;
c) crime;
d) problems with getting a job;
e) not to meet a loved one;
f) Your answer option ___________________________________________
5. What do you prefer to do in your free time:
c) play computer games;
d) go shopping
f) visit museums, exhibitions, theaters;
g) Your answer ________________________________________________
6. What feelings do you experience most often:
a) emotional uplift and a feeling of cheerfulness;
b) normal vitality, even feelings;
c) a state of imbalance, a feeling of anxiety;
d) a state of indifference;
e) when how;
e) find it difficult to answer.
7. What is the value of studying for you (no more than 2 answers):
a) study allows you to acquire a profession;
b) become educated;
c) become rich;
d) prepare for independent living;
e) establish yourself among relatives.
8. What qualities do you value most in people (no more than 3 answers):
b) kindness;
d) self-confidence;
e) purposefulness;
e) responsiveness;
g) initiative;
h) beauty;
i) Your answer _________________________________________________
9. Have you had to deliberately deceive someone to achieve your own goals:
10. Have you ever had to pay a bribe:
b) I didn’t do it myself, but I don’t blame others for it;
c) yes, once;
d) Yes, many times.
11. What is the main thing for you in your future work:
b) enjoy the activity;
c) not stand out among others;
12. Your opinion about material values:
a) people should achieve material success themselves, and those who do not want this, let them live in poverty - this is fair;
b) it is necessary to show humanity, those who have materially succeeded should help and care for those who have not succeeded.
c) for me, material values are not of great importance.
13. Yours future profession must:
a) bring great material wealth;
b) be prestigious;
c) to benefit people;
d) Your answer option ___________________________________________
14. Do your life goals match your future profession?
b) yes, partially;
Bibliography:
1., Kudishina of modern humanism // http://*****/2011/05/16/gost/
2. Razin orientation and the good of man. // Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 7. Philosophy. - 1996. - No. 1. - S. 77-85.
3. // Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary / Ed. ed. . M.: Ed. ISPI RAS, 19p. - S.871-872.
