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The role of folklore in modern life. Essay "My ideas about the meaning of folklore in modern life

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
1. Oral folk art kik art of the folk word
2. Statements of great writers and educators about the role of folklore in human life
3. Classification of folklore
4. Classification of folklore by volume: small forms
5. Large shapes
6. Conclusion
7. References
APPS

INTRODUCTION

It is generally accepted that, through oral folk art, a child not only masters his native language, but also, mastering its beauty, conciseness, joins the culture of his people, receives the first ideas about it.
Folklore is a fertile and irreplaceable source of moral education for children, since it reflects all real life with evil and good, happiness and sorrow. He opens and explains to the child the life of society and nature, the world of human feelings and relationships. Promotes the development of thinking and imagination of the child, enriches his emotions, gives excellent examples of the literary language.
To achieve the maximum educational effect with the help of oral folk art, it is important not only that it be presented various genres, but it was also maximally included in all the life processes of the child. For example, familiarity with lullabies will help children grow up to be balanced and benevolent people.
It is very important for a child to learn the essence of moral concepts and human values from childhood. In the process of development, the child is formed as a person, acquires his own character traits, features that affect a person’s behavior in life, the child develops his own worldview.
The most important task facing our society at the present time is its spiritual, moral revival, which cannot be carried out without assimilating the cultural and historical experience of the people, centuries old a huge number of generations and fixed in the works folk art. Even K.D.Ushinsky, putting forward the principle of nationality, said that "language is the most living, most abundant and strong bond that connects the obsolete, living and future generations of the people into one great, historically living whole" .
At an early age, it is very important to accelerate the “birth” of the first conscious words in a child. Small genres of folklore will help to increase the vocabulary, in which his attention is drawn to objects, animals, people.
With the help of small folklore, it is possible to solve almost all the problems of the methodology for the development of speech and, along with the main methods and techniques speech development younger students can and should use this material.
Significance folklore very large in the adaptation period. A well-chosen, expressively told nursery rhyme helps to establish contact, call positive emotions.
1. Oral folk art as the art of the folk word.

It is generally accepted that folklore is oral folk art, folk art of the word, it is also called abroad - folk knowledge or folk wisdom. Folklore is called verbal art, which includes proverbs, ditties, fairy tales, legends, myths, tongue twisters, riddles, heroic epic, epics, legends, etc.
It is known that the works of oral folk art arose in distant antiquity, but even today we use them, often without even suspecting and not realizing it (we sing ditties, tell jokes, read fairy tales, make riddles, say sayings, sing folk songs, repeat tongue twisters and much more).
Folk tongue twisters, songs, riddles, fairy tales, proverbs are used in their speech by adults and children, growing youth and people of senile age. But few people clearly imagine how oral-poetic folk art is born, lives and exists, and even less people are aware of the value of folklore and are familiar with its history.
No one, unfortunately, will recognize the names of those distant creators who composed wonderful fairy tales, amusing riddles, folk songs, moralizing proverbs and sayings that have been living for many centuries. The only thing we can say with certainty is that the author of folklore is an ever-living and developing poet, whose name is people. It is to the people that we owe the preservation and improvement of all the folk treasures of poetry.
So, living outside of time, passing from ancestors to descendants, from one storyteller, poet, singer to another, folklore works are enriched with features of the modern worldview, new features of everyday life. In our time, already updated ancient fairy tales continue to live, and along with them there are (and always have been) new songs, anecdotes, proverbs, riddles, etc.
2. Statements of great writers about the role of folklore in human life...

Conclusion

Living outside of time, passing from ancestors to descendants, from one storyteller, poet, singer to another, folklore works are enriched with features of the modern worldview, new features of everyday life. In our time, already updated ancient fairy tales continue to live, and along with them there are (and always have been) new songs, anecdotes, stories, charms, proverbs, riddles, etc.
The living connection of literature with folklore is confirmed by creativity best writers all peoples. But no matter how tangible the connection between the works of writers and folk poetry in the conditions of a class society, collective and individual creativity is always distinguished by the method of creating works of art.
The presented classification is the most common among researchers. However, it should be understood that the types of Russian folklore complement each other, and sometimes do not fit into the generally accepted classification. Therefore, when studying the issue, a simplified version is most often used, where only 2 groups of genres are distinguished - ritual and non-ritual folklore.
We see that most scientists classify proverbs, sayings, riddles, and tongue twisters as minor genres of folklore, but otherwise their opinions differ.
It can be understood that, in contrast to small forms, the following large works belong to large forms of folklore: fairy tales, legends, epics, historical songs, lyric songs, ballads, ditties.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Anikin V.P. Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., corrected. and add. - M .: Higher School, 2004. - 735 p.
2. Zueva T.V., Kirdan B.P. Russian folklore. Textbook for higher educational institutions- M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2002. - 400 p.
3. Zueva T.V., Kirdan B.P. Russian folklore, 2003, pp.141-143
4. Efremov A.L. Formation of personality in the conditions of an amateur team. - St. Petersburg, 2004. - 107 p.
5. Karpukhin I.E. Oral folk art, 2005,
6. Usova A.P. Russian folk art in kindergarten. -M.: Enlightenment, 1972. -78s.
7. Ushinsky K.D. Fav. ped. cit.: In 2 vols. - M., 1974. - T. 1. - S. 166
8. Ushinsky, K.D. Human education / K.D. Ushinsky; comp. S.F. Egorov. - M.: Karapuz, 2000. - 255 p.

Sections: Working with preschoolers

A moral, spiritually rich person... A lot of books, articles, debates are devoted to this topic.

Modern life is changing rapidly. We can barely keep up with the frantic rhythm of everyday affairs and problems. Unfortunately, morals and the style of relationships between people are changing. And, perhaps, the biggest problem of the present time is the decline of the spirituality and morality of the younger generation.

The most crucial period in the life of any person is preschool age. It is here that all the basic concepts and foundations for the further development of the personality are laid. For a child, it is important that he not only be protected and supported, but also shown where to go, what to strive for. One cannot but agree with V.A. Sukhomlinsky, when he said: “The one who led the child by the hand in childhood, what entered his mind and heart, depends to a decisive extent on what kind of person today's baby will become. Such an ideal-guideline for a child is always an adult: parents, teachers.

Everything starts small: from love and compassion for a bird, respect for a flower - to respect, caring attitude towards one's relatives, elders, and, ultimately, devotion to one's Motherland.

Each nation has its own cultural traditions that must be passed on and respected like a treasure from generation to generation.

The upbringing of children is easier to carry out through introducing them to folk sources.

Russian folklore is deeply patriotic. How important it is now in social instability.

It is through folklore that children get an idea of the main life values: family, work, respect for society, love for the small and large Motherland.

Children's folklore is a specific area of folk art that unites the world of children and the world of adults, including a whole system of poetic and musical-poetic genres of folklore.

In his pedagogical activity I define the main task - to educate the personality of the child, to form his cultural needs.

More specifically, this problem can be formulated as follows:

Instill love for native land, respect for the traditions of their people, people of work;

Bring up respectful attitude interacting with other children and adults;

To teach to understand the role of the family, one's role in the family, to educate the future owner (hostess), husband (wife).

This can be more successfully done through introducing children to folk culture. Raising children to folk traditions, you can develop their national identity, respect for their people. Again, it is appropriate to recall the words of V.A. Sukhomlinsky that the main way of educating universal human qualities is to introduce the child to his national culture, which is based on a huge life experience, wisdom that was passed down from generation to generation, including in artistic form.

Folklore is the most fertile ground for the upbringing and development of spiritual and moral qualities in a child's personality.

A preschooler with great interest studies the world around him. But recently, teachers and parents have increasingly noted with concern the problems of communication among preschoolers. Children cannot maintain contact, do not know how to coordinate their actions with communication partners or adequately express sympathy, empathy, therefore they often conflict with them or withdraw into themselves. At the same time, sociability, the ability to communicate with other people is a necessary component of a person's self-realization. The formation of this ability is one of the main tasks of preparing him for life together.

Communication is carried out not only with the help of words, but also non-verbal means: a whole system of non-verbal signals, external bodily movements. This includes facial expressions, gestures, intonations of the voice, posture, etc. All of the above is the language of expressive movements. Many children today require special communication training. At preschool age, this is very successfully carried out through the game - the main institution for the education and development of the culture of a preschooler.

In my teaching activities, I base myself on the following principles:

1. Systematic and consistent.

2. Cultural conformity (upbringing is based on universal cultural values.

3. Integration (synthesis of various activities).

4. Natural conformity and availability of the material.

5. Visibility (allowances, attributes of folk life).

A.M. Gorky wrote: “A child under the age of ten demands fun, and his demands are biologically legitimate. He wants to play, he plays with everyone and learns the world around him first of all and most easily in the game, with the game. This demand for fun predetermined the playful beginning of all genres of children's folklore. If a particular genre is not associated with the child's play actions, then the game is played at the level of meaning, concept, word, sound. The famous Soviet psychologist B.M. Teplov says that the involvement of children (and not only gifted ones) in creative activity“very useful for general artistic development, quite natural for the child and fully in line with his needs and abilities” .

According to the rules of folk pedagogy, in order to bring up a physically healthy, cheerful and inquisitive person, joyful emotions must be maintained in the child. The main purpose of small forms of folklore that children get acquainted with early age- to prepare the child for the knowledge of the world around him in the process of play, which will soon become an indispensable school of physical and mental pedagogy, moral and aesthetic education.

The first acquaintance of children with folklore begins with small forms: nursery rhymes, jokes, pestles. With their help, we instill in children the skills of correct literate speech, emotionally colored (“Ladushki”, “Magpie”, “Hare”, etc.).

At an older age, in music classes, children get acquainted with jokes. A joke is a funny little story or funny expression that amuses children. They are accompanied by certain game actions, for example “Goat”:

- There is a horned goat

- For the little guys.

- Who does not eat porridge, does not drink milk,

- Togo will gore.

In middle preschool age, I begin to acquaint children with Russian folk songs. Children's songs are very diverse in content, musical structure and character of performance. Through some songs, children get acquainted with various life and natural phenomena (autumn, spring round dances), other songs carry fun, play and are more beloved by children, for example, “Grandmother Yozhka”.

The song is a more complex folklore genre. The main purpose of the song is to instill love for beauty, to cultivate aesthetic taste. Modern physiologists and psychologists have unequivocally proved the beneficial effect of good music, and especially folk music, on the physical and mental state of a person, a child. We often perform folk songs with children in a round dance, playing with various movements. Having learned the song, we invite children to creatively improvise in movements - “as the soul asks”. Children are always happy to pick it up.

At the senior preschool age I introduce the genre of ditties. This genre is very popular with children. Through a ditty, children learn to understand a joke, humor. The performance is often accompanied by playing folk instruments: rattles, spoons, etc. Acquaintance with oral folk art is also carried out through a fairy tale, proverbs, sayings, riddles. Through a fairy tale, children learn the moral laws of the people, examples of the true behavior of a person. Through fabulous images, the child absorbs ideas about the beauty of the human soul. Through proverbs, children learn the collective opinion of the people about different aspects of life: “If you like to ride, love to carry sleds”, “Business is time, fun is an hour”. Riddles are very popular with children. They develop the thinking of preschool children, teach them to analyze various phenomena, objects from different areas of the surrounding reality. (Soft paws, and scratches in the paws. Cat).

Another important genre of folklore is the game. Children's play is one of the greatest achievements of the people. The games reflect national traits, the way of life of the people, their worldview, social life.

It must be remembered that folk games as a genre of oral, musical folk art are national wealth and we must make them available to our children. In a fun way, children get acquainted with the customs, life of the Russian people, work, respect for nature.

The child lives with feelings that emotionally colors his life. This is an important factor in the development of the child's aesthetic sense. In the game, his mind, feelings, ability to be creative are formed. The game develops the ability to moral and ethical assessments of oneself and others, aesthetic tastes, preferences.

We plan to hold folklore holidays according to the folk calendar. In autumn - "Kuzminki", "Sinichkin's holiday", "Cabbage gatherings", in winter - "Pancake week", in spring - "Meeting of birds", "Easter", "Red Hill". For example, the holiday “Bird Meeting” anticipates big job introduction to birds native land. In classes and holidays we use folk instruments: whistles (ocarinas) of various shapes and sounds, with the help of whistles, children learn to imitate the singing of various birds: cuckoo, sparrow, nightingale, etc., rattles, spoons, etc.

All work with children on the study of musical folklore leads children to classes in a folklore circle. Children dress up in folk costumes, kokoshniks. No holiday is complete without games where children learn to communicate with each other. During the game, respect, reaction, patience, dexterity, resourcefulness develop. Through the game, children get acquainted with the life and customs of the Russian people (“Nikonorikha”, “Like our Dunya”, “Merry weaver”). Often, parents are directly involved in musical folklore holidays. So, we celebrate Mother's Day as a folklore holiday. Folklore classes are not limited to preschool institutions. Every year we take part in various competitions, festivals, where children win prizes.

Musical folklore is a unique phenomenon. Music, word and movement are inextricably linked in it. The combination of these elements is the great power of pedagogical influence. Folklore is unique in that it contributes to the development of the child's creativity, revealing the best qualities of his personality. Folk games should take place in a preschool institution. We must remember that folk games as a genre of oral, musical folk art are national wealth, and we must make them the property of our children. In a fun way, children get acquainted with the customs, life of the Russian people, work, respect for nature.

Bright, poetic, imbued with kindness and love for all living things, Russian folk songs and games help to sow such seeds in the child's soul, which in the future will sprout with the desire to create, not destroy; decorate, not make life on earth ugly. Singing combined with dance and play is a very exciting activity that allows not only to have fun and usefully spend time, but also to take the child into an extraordinary world of kindness, joy, and creativity.

As a result of our work, we see how children become kinder, more attentive to each other, which is also noted by parents.

Interest in children's folklore is growing every year. The study of the artistic features of individual genres is extremely necessary.

Children's folklore is a valuable means of educating a person who harmoniously combines spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection.

The development of folk culture is not reduced to the sum of learned works, but involves the creation of an atmosphere in which these works can arise and exist, when folk wisdom penetrates deeply into the consciousness, habits of a person and becomes part of his life.

Folk art is a storehouse, an inexhaustible spring that brings all of us, and especially children, kindness, love, helps to form an interesting personality of a child - a citizen of Russia, a patriot.

Bibliography

“I give my heart to children”, Sukhomlinsky V.A., publishing house “Radyanska school”, 1974.
"Russian children's folklore”, M.N. Melnikov, “Rus.yaz. or T." - M.: Enlightenment, 1987.
“folk culture and traditions” Kosareva V.N., Volgograd, publishing house “Uchitel”, 2011.
“Moral and aesthetic education in kindergarten”, ed. Vetlugina N.A., Kazakova T.G., M., 1989.
“Psychological issues artistic education” No. 11, - “Izvestiya APN RSFSR”, 1947.

The oral poetic creativity of the people is a great public value, consisting in its cognitive, ideological, educational and aesthetic values, which are inextricably linked. cognitive value folklore manifests itself primarily in the fact that it reflects the features of phenomena real life and provides extensive knowledge of the history public relations, work and life, as well as an idea of the worldview and psychology of the people, of the nature of the country. The cognitive significance of folklore is increased by the fact that the plots and images of its works usually contain a wide typification, contain generalizations of the phenomena of life and the characters of people. Thus, the images of Ilya Muromets and Mikula Selyaninovich in Russian epics give an idea of the Russian peasantry in general, one image characterizes a whole social stratum of people. The cognitive value of folklore is also increased by the fact that its works not only present, but also explain pictures of life, historical events and images of heroes. So, epics and historical songs explain why the Russian people withstood the Mongol-Tatar yoke and emerged victorious in the struggle, explain the meaning of the exploits of the heroes and the activities of historical figures. M. Gorky said: “ true story one cannot know the working people without knowing the oral folk art » Gorky M. Sobr. cit., vol. 27, p. 311. The ideological and educational significance of folklore lies in the fact that its best works are inspired by lofty progressive ideas, love for the motherland, striving for peace. Folklore depicts heroes as defenders of the motherland and evokes a feeling of pride in them. He poetizes Russian nature - and the mighty rivers (Mother Volga, the wide Dnieper, Quiet Don), and the steppes are wide, and the fields are wide - and this brings up love for her. The image of the Russian land is recreated in the works of folklore. Folk art expresses the life aspirations and social views of the people, and often revolutionary sentiments. It played an important role in the struggle of the people for national and social liberation, for their socio-political and cultural development. Contemporary folk art contributes to the communist education of the masses. In all this, the ideological and educational significance of folk poetic creativity is manifested. The aesthetic significance of folklore works lies in the fact that they are a wonderful art of the word, they are distinguished by great poetic skill, which is reflected in their construction, and in the creation of images, and in language. Folklore skillfully uses fiction, fantasy, as well as symbolism, i.e. allegorical transmission and characterization of phenomena and their poeticization. Folklore expresses the artistic tastes of the people. The form of his works has been polished for centuries by the work of excellent masters. Therefore, folklore develops an aesthetic sense, a sense of beauty, a sense of form, rhythm and language. Because of this, he has great importance for the development of all types of professional art: literature, music, theater. The work of many great writers and composers is closely connected with folk poetry.

Folklore is characterized by the disclosure of beauty in nature and man, the unity of aesthetic and moral principles, the combination of real and fiction, vivid depiction and expressiveness. All this explains why the best works folklore bring great aesthetic pleasure. The science of folklore. The science of folklore - folkloristics - studies oral folk art, the verbal art of the masses. It poses and solves a significant range of important questions: about the features of folklore - its life content, social nature, ideological essence, artistic originality; about its origin, development, originality on different stages existence; about his attitude to literature and other forms of art; about features creative process in it and forms of existence individual works; about the specifics of genres: epics, fairy tales, songs, proverbs, etc. Folklore is a complex, synthetic art; often in his works elements of various types of art are combined - verbal, musical, theatrical. He is closely associated with folk life and rituals, reflected the features of various periods of history. That is why he is interested in and studied by various sciences: linguistics, literary criticism, art criticism, ethnography, history. Each of them explores folklore in various aspects: linguistics - the verbal side, the reflection in it of the history of the language and connections with dialects; literary criticism - common features of folklore and literature and their differences; art history - musical and theatrical elements; ethnography -- the role of folklore in folk life and its connection with rituals; history is the expression in it of the people's understanding historical events. In connection with the originality of folklore as an art, the term "folklore" in different countries invested in various content, and therefore the subject of folklore is understood differently. In some foreign countries folkloristics is engaged not only in the study of the poetic, but also in the musical and choreographic aspects of folk poetic works, i.e., elements of all types of arts. In our country, folklore is understood as the science of folk poetry.

Folkloristics has its own subject of study, its own special tasks, its own methods and methods of research have been developed. However, the study of the verbal side of oral folk art is not separated from the study of its other sides: the cooperation of the sciences of folklore, linguistics, literary criticism, art criticism, ethnography and history is very fruitful. Genera, genres and genre varieties. Folklore, like literature, is the art of the word. This gives folklore a basis to use the concepts and terms that have been developed by literary criticism, naturally applying them to the features of oral folk art. Such concepts and terms are genus, species, genre and genre variety. Both in literary criticism and in folklore there is still no unambiguous idea about them; researchers disagree and argue. We will adopt a working definition, which we will use. Those phenomena of literature and folklore, which are called genera, genres and genre varieties, are groups of works that are similar to each other in structure, ideological and artistic principles and functions. They have developed historically and are relatively stable, changing only slightly and rather slowly. The difference between genera, genres and genre varieties is important both for performers of works, and for their listeners, and for researchers studying folk art, since these phenomena are meaningful forms, the emergence, development, change and death of which is an important process in history. literature and folklore.

In literary and folklore terminology, in our time, the concept and term "view" have almost gone out of use; most often they are replaced by the concept and the term "genre", although they were previously distinguished. We will also accept as a working concept "genre" - a narrower group of works than genus. In this case, by gender we will understand the way of depicting reality (epic, lyrical, dramatic), by genre - type art form(fairy tale, song, proverb). But we have to introduce an even narrower concept - "genre variety", which is thematic group works (fairy tales about animals, fairy tales fairy tales social, love songs, family songs, etc.). Even smaller groups of works can be distinguished. So, in social fairy tales there is a special group of works - satirical tales. However, to present big picture classification (distribution) of the types of works of Russian folk poetry, a number of other circumstances should be taken into account: firstly, the relation of genres to the so-called rites (special cult actions), and secondly, the relation of the verbal text to singing and action, which is typical for some types of folklore works. Works may or may not be associated with ritual and singing.

The role of folklore in the development of children

The concept of "folklore" in translation from in English means folk wisdom. Folklore is verbal, oral artistic creativity, which arose in the process of formation, formation of human speech. Accordingly, it is almost impossible to overestimate the influence of folklore on the development of a child.

In progress community development arose various forms and types of oral verbal creativity - folklore. At the same time, some types and genres of folklore lived a very long life. Like any other creativity, art, folklore is able to have a significant impact on the development of the child, while folklore contains the wisdom of many generations of peoples, which means that the influence of folk art on the development of the child will only be positive.

First of all, folklore helps to develop speech. What is the difference between many folklore works, whether they are proverbs, parables or fairy tales? They are characterized by richness, fullness, brightness of speech, intonation nuances - this cannot but affect the child's speech. The sooner you start introducing your baby to folklore, the more often you will do this, the more likely it is that your child will begin to speak earlier, learn to coherently express his thoughts, his emotions.

Meanwhile, correctly delivered speech is one of the keys to a person’s success in modern world. Competent, emotionally rich speech will allow you to quickly and easily find a common language with any people, organically fit into any team.

This, in turn, leads to the formation of adequate self-esteem, to the feeling that he has found his place in this world, to self-confidence. After all, every parent strives to ensure that his baby can be confident in himself, in his abilities, and therefore it makes sense to acquaint your child with folklore works as early as possible.

One of the folklore forms are sayings and proverbs, which are special kind poetry, which for centuries absorbed the experience and wisdom of many generations. Using sayings and proverbs in their speech, children can learn to express their feelings and thoughts concisely, vividly and clearly, learn to color their speech, develop the ability to use words creatively, describe objects figuratively, giving them vivid and juicy descriptions.

Another interesting genre of folklore is riddles. Inventing and guessing riddles has a very strong positive effect on the development of a child's speech. Riddles enrich children's speech due to the ambiguity of some concepts, helping to notice the secondary meanings of words, and also form an idea of what the figurative meaning of a word is. In addition, correctly selected riddles will help to learn the grammatical and sound structure of Russian speech. Solving riddles allows you to develop the ability to generalize, analyze, helps to form the ability to draw independent conclusions, develop the ability to concisely and clearly highlight the most expressive, characteristics phenomenon or object.

Finally, special attention should be paid to folk lyrics, which occupies a special place in the world of folklore. The composition of song lyrical folklore is much more diverse than many folklore genres, whether it be a heroic epic or even fairy tales. So, the baby hears the first folklore songs immediately after birth - mothers lull the babies with gentle, calm lullabies, and sometimes the mother lulls the unborn baby to sleep.

In addition, parents entertain children with nursery rhymes, playing with their arms and legs, fingers, tossing them on their hands or knees. Who among us has not heard, has not played with his child in the "magpie-crow that cooked porridge" or in "patty-cakes". Many pestles accompany the child's first conscious movements, thus helping him to "reinforce the material he has learned", to associate his actions with his sound accompaniment, establishing a connection between actions and speech.

In summary, we can say that folklore plays an important role in the development of children. Folklore not only develops the baby's oral speech, but also allows you to teach him moral standards. Folklore works are a unique means of conveying the wisdom accumulated by many generations.

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The meaning of folklore

V moral education children preschool age

1. Introduction.

2. The value of folklore in moral education.

3. Features of children's perception of folklore works.

4. Requirements for the selection of folklore works for preschool children.

5. Literature

We take beauty, purity from the elders,

Sagas, dragging tales from the past,

Because good is good

Past, future and present.

V. Vysotsky

We live in an interesting and difficult time, when we begin to look at many things differently, rediscover and re-evaluate many things.

First of all, this refers to our past, which we, it turns out, know very superficially. What cared, pleased and disturbed the Russian people, what did they do, how did they work, what did they dream about, what did they tell and sing about, what did they pass on to their grandchildren and children? To answer these questions today means to restore the connection of times, to return the lost values. Going back to the roots will help. folklore, because its content is the life of the people, human experience, sifted through the sieve of centuries, spiritual world Russian man, his thoughts, feelings, experiences.

Therefore, the acquaintance of children with oral folk art, some types of folk arts is a real challenge for educators. preschool institutions.

The process of cognition and assimilation of the spiritual wealth of their people should begin as early as possible, as our people figuratively say: “With mother’s milk”, a child should absorb the culture of his people through lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes, fun games, riddles, proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, works of folk decorative arts. Only in this case, folk art, this unclouded source of beauty, will leave a deep mark in the soul of the child, arouse a steady interest.

Folk art, like art in general, is multifunctional, and one of these functions is educational. Folk art has great educational potential.

One of the mechanisms of personal growth is the identification of oneself with a morally significant other, and by introducing children to folklore, to the evidence of past eras, documents, authentic antiquities, we thereby help the children to learn the best from the experience accumulated over the centuries by our ancestors. Thus, we place aesthetic and moral guidelines on the path of the younger generation, which in many ways have been lost in our lives.

Requirements for the selection of folklore works

for preschool children.

Work on aesthetic education preschool children and the development of their artistic and creative abilities by means of folk art is based on such principles as:

integration of work based on folk art with various directions educational work and activities of children (acquaintance with nature, speech development, various games);
active inclusion of children in a variety of artistic and creative activities: musical, visual, gaming, artistic and speech, theatrical:
individual approach to children, taking into account their individual preferences, inclinations, interests, level of development of one or another artistic activity, individual work with each child in the process of collective activities with children;
caring and respectful attitude towards children's creativity in whatever form it appears;
and, of course, a careful selection of folklore material on various types of folk art (musical, arts and speech, decorative and applied) due to the age capabilities of children, provided that they are closely interconnected with each other and with classical art.

The proposed art material should be understandable and accessible to children. They understand the soft humor of nursery rhymes, the wisdom of proverbs and sayings, which contribute to increasing the figurativeness and melody of their native speech. Children willingly include proverbs and sayings in their speech, use them in dramatization games, when inventing fairy tales.

Here are examples of proverbs and sayings that can be used in the classroom and in Everyday life in different age groups kindergarten.

Junior preschool age.

December ends the year, winter begins.

Water flowed from the mountains brought spring.

Hurry up and make people laugh.

Finished the job - walk boldly.

Small but distant

And others.

Middle preschool age.

Wash more often, do not be afraid of water.

Take care of your nose in a big frost.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

A mother has a child, and a cat has a cat, everyone loves their child.

And others.

senior preschool age

The bird is strong with wings, and man is his friend.

A man without friends is like an oak tree without roots.

The world is not sweet, if there is no friend.

They are greeted by the dress,mind escort

When you want a lotknow you don't need much sleep.

Parents are hardworking - children are not lazy.

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.

Winter is red with snow, and autumn with bread.

The process of guessing and guessing riddles, well-chosen for children, will cause positive emotions, form a child's cognitive interest to the world of things and phenomena, since riddles contain wide circle information about various subjects and phenomena, events surrounding life. Contact with the riddle evokes certain aesthetic feelings: admiration for the brightness and brevity of the images created in it, for example:

I'm small as a grain of sand

And I cover the earth;

I am from the water, but I fly from the air;

Like fluff I lie in the fields,

Like a diamond, I shine in the sun.

(Snow)

The subtle humor of the riddles is also admirable:

bulging eyes sits,

speaks french,

Jumping like a flea

Floats like a human.

(Frog)

Riddles enrich the vocabulary of children due to the ambiguity of words, help to see the secondary meanings of words, form ideas about figurative meaning words.

When selecting folklore works, it is necessary to take into account the accessibility of the perception of the material, and here it is appropriate to recall such a form of folk art asLullaby.

The lullaby, according to the people, is a companion of childhood. It, as one of the oldest genres of folklore, is a valuable part of the treasury of folk art, not only Russian, but of all peoples of the world.

In the process of getting acquainted with the lullaby, children get acquainted with the life of their ancestors, the home environment, in particular, with the place where the children slept, with those attributes that were associated with putting the child to sleep, etc., that is, they become attached to the culture of their own people .

Lullabies due to their content and genre features(simple rhymes, sound combinations such as: “lyuli-lyuli-lyulenki”, “bayu-bayu-bayu-baenki”, etc., melodiousness, calm intonations, smooth narration, use of reduction technique), which also meets the requirements for the selection of folklore works for preschool children, contribute to the formation of the ability to see and understand beauty mother tongue, and through this they influence the education of the aesthetic feelings of preschoolers. For example:

Sleep, Masha - the sun,

Sleep, little grain.

Sleep, my dear

The fish is golden.

Lullabies, along with other genres of verbal creativity of the people, contain a powerful force that allows the development of the speech of preschool children. They enrich the vocabulary of children due to the fact that they contain a wide range of information about the world around them, primarily about those objects that are close to the experience of people and attract with their appearance, for example, hare.

Despite the small volume, the lullaby contains an inexhaustible source of educational and educational opportunities. The lullabies use images that are familiar to children.

Oh cradles, cradles,

The bugs were flying towards us.

They flew to us

We looked at them.

They flew, they flew.

They sat on a birch.

And the birch creak, creak,

And my Vasya sleeps, sleeps.

Oh you little gray cat.

Your tail is white

Get out, kitty, don't go

Don't wake my baby.

Bye, bye, bye.

The daughter lies on the fluff.

On a fluffy bed.

My daughter will sleep soundly.

Daughter will sleep soundly

And I will hum, rock the cradle.

An equally important role in the educational process of the kindergarten can be played by Russian folk songs, pestles, nursery rhymes that entertain the child, create a cheerful, joyful mood in him, that is, they cause a feeling of psychological comfort, thereby preparing a positive emotional background for the perception of the world around and its reflection in various types of children's activities. These genres of folklore are created specifically for children and are the means of folk pedagogy.

Folk songs, pestles, nursery rhymes, lullabies are created on material that is well known to children from the first days of life, close to their worldview and specific, reflecting the child's actions acquired through experience.

Unobtrusively, without rough didacticism, they teach the child what is expected of him:

On the cat pulls, for a teenage child.

Here's to growing up come to visit me, grow like this, but not dirty tricks.

Grow braid to the waist, don't shed a hair.

Grow spit don't get confused, listen to your mother daughter.

Great potential for aesthetic impact lies in folk music.

Folk musical works in a fun, playful way, they introduce children to the customs and life of the Russian people, work, careful attitude to nature, love of life, sense of humor. Acquaintance with musical folklore in the practice of preschool institutions is carried out in music and other classes, in everyday life, at leisure and in the process folk holidays held with children. It arouses the interest of children, brings them a sense of joy, creates good mood, removes the feeling of fear, anxiety, anxiety in a word, provides emotional and psychological well-being.

The most common and available remedy- song. folk song as one of bright works musical folklore is included as the basis of the Russian musical culture into the life of a child. Truthfulness, poetry, richness of melodies, variety of rhythm, clarity, simplicity of form - character traits Russian song folk art. Named features of the Russian folk song give it a unique beauty. Even the simplest of the songs available to young children are of high artistic quality. Melodies, while remaining very simple and accessible, often vary, which gives them a special appeal. ("Rain", "Sun", "Cockerel", "You Bunny, Bunny", etc.)

Introducing children to the song, one should strive to reveal artistic image folk song, to ensure that it reaches every child, captivates him. An emotionally performed song is a guarantee that children will love it, will sing willingly and expressively.

To work with preschoolers, a special repertoire must be selected that meets the following requirements: