Theaters of Paris: list, description and photo. Parisian theaters What's on in the theaters of Paris

The main theaters of Paris: drama theater, musical, puppet, ballet, opera, satire. Phones, official sites, addresses of theaters in Paris.

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Paris is the "capital of the world", "a holiday that is always with you", the city of love, the city beautiful women and gallant men, the city of the three musketeers and merry cabarets. As soon as this city was not called, what excellent epithets were not awarded! But, paying tribute to all the beauties and sights of the capital of France, its cafes under umbrellas, the Champs-Elysées and boulevards, one cannot fail to note one more important feature of Paris: it is a city where a rich cultural life is in full swing. And, of course, almost everyone knows that the face of Paris is its theaters. After all, even at school we were taught that the first productions of Molière are Paris, and the premieres of Beaumarchais are Paris, and the great Sarah Bernhardt, who played on stage at the age of 75 and with an amputated leg in Racine's most difficult tragedy for an actor, Phaedra, is also Paris .

The incendiary Moulin Rouge, repeatedly sung by poets and painted by artists, the cabaret Lido shining with all colors - all these are the signs of Paris, the city of actors, dancers, singers, directors, writers and architects.

Coming here, any of us has in our heads and hearts an already formed image of a great city, imagines at least approximately what we would like to see, without which it is impossible, but without which we can still do, because everything can be seen at once in this boundless for a tourist the place is simply unrealistic. Keep in mind that Paris can surprise you and completely or partially change your idea of ​​it. But in any case, we recommend that you include in your program a visit to any theater in Paris, and preferably several at once - without this, the impression of the city will be incomplete.

In order to navigate the colorful and diverse world of Parisian theaters, you must first of all have a good idea of ​​which performances you prefer.

If you are interested in time-tested opera or ballet, real theatrical surroundings, “theatrical” chandeliers with many candlesticks, classical halls with boxes, stalls, an amphitheater, balconies and a gallery - welcome to the Grand Opera. Or you can visit the Big hall classical music in Paris - Theater Chatelet.

Even at school, we were taught that the first productions of Molière are Paris, and the premieres of Beaumarchais are Paris, and the great Sarah Bernhardt, who played on stage at the age of 75 and with an amputated leg in Racine's most difficult tragedy for an actor, Phaedra, is also Paris.

If you love modern opera, you are not interested in the elite, but in a more democratic manner of performance, repertoire and directing style close to our time - then you should definitely visit the Bastille Opera.

If you like drama theater, you also have a great choice - Comédie Francaise (Moliere's house), the Palais-Royal theater, the Odeon theater, which gave the name to the whole quarter and now bears the proud title of "theater of Europe".

And, of course, the highlight of the theatrical Paris is its famous cabarets. "Moulin Rouge" - repeatedly replicated, known from a thousand booklets and postcards, and, most importantly, from the classic paintings of its regular - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who glorified himself and his favorite institution, a classic cabaret. And today, the "Red Mill" (one of the two that have survived in Montparnasse, the second - the Moulin de la Galette) attracts many visitors from the most different countries. Every evening here you can see the famous cancan - the hallmark of the Moulin Rouge.

Well, if you want to keep abreast of the latest trends in the theater of the genre, the Lido cabaret awaits you. Its history begins after the Second World War, when the Clerico brothers, Italians, came to conquer Paris. They named their establishment after the famous Venetian beaches of the Lido. The original idea, which appealed to the taste of even sophisticated Paris - the combination of "dinner plus show" turned out to be surprisingly successful, it was accepted after the "Lido" by many establishments. And now you can dine here with wine and champagne, while looking at an enchanting performance. Cabaret prices start from 100 EUR, shows start at 19, 21 and 23 hours.

Whichever theater of the brilliant city you choose, you can definitely guarantee one thing - you will not be disappointed in any case!

Paris is not just a city of lovers, it has a special atmosphere, it is the cultural capital of the world. It is simply impossible not to visit at least a couple of theaters here, so that the impression of the trip is complete. What theaters does the capital of France offer tourists?

The most famous opera houses in Paris

The theaters of Paris can be divided into drama, comedy, variety, musical and opera theaters. But, undoubtedly, the first in the list of popularity is the Grand Opera or Opera Garnier, as the theater is called in honor of the creator of the architect. The opera house was built in 15 years and opened to the public in 1875. This building, unprecedented in its beauty and scale, is world famous. It is a national treasure and belongs to the state. All world celebrities have performed here opera stage. It leaves a strong impression, even just from the view from the outside. Not only opera performances, but also ballet performances are given here. The building of the Grand Opera is unusually magnificent: gilded stairs and statues, huge crystal chandeliers and halls trimmed with velvet.

The other most famous opera venue in Paris is the Bastille Opera, opened in 1989. It is also a state one. A large modern building on Place de la Bastille is open for the anniversary of the capture of the fortress of the same name.

Cabaret and variety show in Paris

The most famous Parisian light dance theaters are the Moulin Rouge, the Lido Cabaret and the Crazy Horse. The Moulin Rouge is the most famous classic cabaret establishment. This is where the can-can originated. And almost everyone knows the Red Mill at the top of the building.

Cabaret Lido is located on the Champs Elysees. His shows are amazing. Lido is world famous and it is not cheap to visit. The name of the theater was due to the Venetian beach.

Drama and comedy theaters, musical theaters in Paris

The most famous drama and comedy theaters in Paris are the Odeon Theater, opened by Marie Antoinette herself, the Theater de la Ville, the Comédie Francaise - the home of Moliere, the Champs Elysees Theater, the Palais Royal, the Chatelet, the Magador.

The Odeon Theater was opened at the end of the 18th century. Palais-Royal is a real drama theatre. The Champs-Elysées Theater is a reinforced concrete building on Avenue Montaigne. The Théâtre de la Ville is the most famous in the field of classical dance performances. The Chatelet is one of the largest halls for lovers of classical music. It opened in 1862. There are also ballets and performances. Comédie Française is one of the oldest theatres. The charter of this institution was approved by Napoleon, and the first performances took place there at the end of the 17th century. The Magador Theater is a music hall. It hosts ballet performances and musicals. It was opened in 1919.

In addition to the big theaters in Paris, there are many small theatrical companies in modest halls that are ready to present both classical and modern productions.

Source: http://my-france.net/paris/teatr/.

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The most famous theaters in the world

The most famous theaters in the world are located in such cities as London, Paris, Vienna, Moscow, New York, Sydney, Milan and some others. A considerable number of theatergoers dream of getting into at least one of the world's theaters.

The most famous theater in London

London is rich in famous, vibrant theatres. The most famous among them is Covent Garden. Since 1946, it has been the venue for opera and ballet performances. This theater is the home stage of the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera. The location of the Royal Theater is the Covent Garden area, thanks to which the theater got its name.

The modern building is the third one erected on this site. In 1720, the building of the second London tower stood there. drama theater. In 1808, a fire broke out, leaving almost nothing of the Royal Theater. A year later, a new building appeared there, and the theater continued to work. Shakespeare's "Macbeth" was the first performance in the newly rebuilt walls.

In 1856, a fire broke out again, and again the theater was completely destroyed. It took two years to restore it. It opened with a production of Meyerbeer's Huguenots.

In 1990, it was decided to carry out a complete reconstruction of the building of the Royal London Theater. Now its hall will accommodate two thousand two hundred and sixty-eight visitors. Any ballet dancer, actor, Opera singer considers it a great success to receive an invitation and perform on the stage of this famous theater. Entering the stage of Covent Garden is a confirmation of high achievements and professionalism. The peculiarity of the theater is that all performances are presented in it in the language in which they were written by the author. The fees of the actors of Covent Garden are considered almost the highest in the world.

The most famous theater in Paris

The most famous theater in Paris is legendary theater Grand Opera. Its history began already in 1669, when this Opera theatre was founded with the consent of Louis XIV. Its founders are the poet Perrin and the composer Kamber. For hundreds of years, the theater changed not only the name, but also the location, until it ended up in the IX arrondissement of Paris in a building that was built in 1875 by the architect Charles Garnier. The facade of the theater is luxurious, it is decorated with four sculptures, each of which is the personification of Drama, Music, Poetry and Dance, as well as seven arches. The top of the building is a majestic shining dome.

The stage of the Grand Opera "has seen" German, Italian and French composers over the years of the opera's existence. The premiere of I. Stravinsky's opera "Mavra" took place there. Its current name is the Palais Garnier, and it is the most visited theater in the world.

The most famous opera house

The most famous and perhaps the best opera house can confidently be called the Vienna Opera. No wonder the birthplace of many world-class composers is Austria. The opera house was built in 1869. The opening took place with the opera "Don Giovanni" by Mozart.

Since the theater building was built in the Neo-Renaissance style, it was repeatedly subjected to merciless criticism. However, years passed, and the architectural embodiment of the theater was finally recognized. Before today The building of the Vienna Opera is considered one of the most beautiful in the world.

During the Second World War, the theater was partially destroyed, but already in 1955, its grand opening took place, at which the opera Fidelio by Beethoven was presented. None of the theaters in the world can compare with the Vienna Opera in terms of the number of performances. About sixty operas are staged there every year. Admirers of opera art have the opportunity to enjoy for two hundred and eighty-five days a year. Every year in Vienna Opera the “Opera Ball” is held, where a huge number of both spectators and participants come.

The most famous theater in the world

It was Renaissance Italy that gave rise to modern opera. In Milan, on the territory that was previously the site of the settlement of the church of Santa Maria della Scala, a theater was built, called La Scala. Today it bears the title of the most famous theater in the world. The first opera that was staged on his stage was Recognized Europe, known to us from the works of Pushkin by the composer Antonio Salieri.

The first thing that is shown to tourists who have arrived in Milan is the La Scala Theatre. Such names as Gavazzeni Gianandrea, Arturo Toscanini and Riccardo Muti sounded for the first time just within the walls of La Scala. The most famous operas of all time were staged on its stage. The theater is associated with luxury and wealth. No spectator remains indifferent. The dream of any opera lover is to get into the famous opera house to enjoy the music and feel the atmosphere of great art.

The last time the theater was reconstructed was in the early 2000s. The opening took place in 2004, and Salieri's opera "Renewed Europe" was again shown on the renovated stage.

Russia also has unusual buildings. For example, the Federation Tower is the tallest building in Russia. The site uznayvse.ru has a detailed article about who built it and when, about the height of the building and about who owns the unique premises.

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Source: http://www.uznayvse.ru/interesting-facts/samyie-izvestnyie-teatryi-v-mire.html

Parisian theater 5 letters

Theater in paris 5 letter words

Answer options for scanwords and crosswords

• city ​​in the center of France, prefecture (administrative center) and the third largest city of the department of Allier
• painting french artist O. Renoir ". de la Galette"
• musical ". Rouge"
• cabaret ". Rouge"
• theater-cabaret ". -Rouge" in Paris
• Parisian theater-cabaret ". -Rouge"
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• VILAR
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• WIG
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  • hybrid hat and curls
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  • m. German. French false hair in the whole head; on the crown of the Turkish Our old people don't wear wigs. Greenhouse, wig springs. not wiser wigs, but baldness covers. An old man in a wig. Hairdresser m. german wigmaker, hairdresser, hairdresser, who, according to the craft, scratches and cleans his head
  • baldness disguise
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  • detachable fashionista hair
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  • chignon
  • hairstyle worn like a hat
  • hairstyle worn like a hat

• CHARCO
  • stuffy massage
  • French doctor after whom the shower is named
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  • shower for neurotics
  • German neurologist, whose name bears a shower that is beneficial for the nervous system
  • Sigmund Freud trained with this neurologist in Paris for about three months
  • French polar explorer, oceanographer, leader of expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula (1903-05, 1908-10), member of expeditions to the coast of Greenland (since 1926)
  • shower prescribed by a psychiatrist
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  • doctor, creator of the soul
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  • Jean Martin (1825-1893), French psychotherapist (BKA)
  • Zinaida Maximovna. Soviet and Russian theater and film actress
  • shower named after psychiatrist
  • Soviet actress

• AMPIR
  • grandeur architecture
  • European style originating in Napoleonic France
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  • style in architecture and art half of XIX V.
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In addition to the well-known theaters in Paris, there are many small, but interesting theaters. So walking along one of the central streets of des Mathurins, you can discover the charming Theater Michel. It is located in a 4-storey building with fancy openwork lattices on the balconies. This theater was founded by Michel Mortier in 1906.

The interior is designed in rich dark red tones, including comfortable spectator chairs upholstered in red velvet, a wide curtain, and walls. Carpeting in other rooms is also red. The theater building also has a cafe with cozy sofas and a piano, where you can dine in a pleasant atmosphere under live music. Rooms are also provided for concerts, shows, business seminars.

Michelle's repertoire is dominated by comedy performances both for adults and children. Many Michel theater actors became famous, such as Jean Poiret and Michel Cerro, Elvira Popesco, Harry Baur, Bridget Fossey, Jean Lefevre, Denise Gray and others.

Theater Marigny-Robert Hossein

The history of the theater began in 1835, when the Folies-Marigny wooden hall was erected on this site, where illusionist performances took place in the summer. From 1855, for several years, the theater was directed by the founder of the French operetta, Jacques Offenbach, who staged his performances here.

In 1880, the hall was converted into a round room by the architect Charles Garnier. In 1896, the theater underwent further renovations in terms of architecture and interior decoration. All ballets and musicals staged here until 1910 were wildly successful with the Parisians.

The period of major reconstruction came in 1925, when the theater was directed by Leon Voltaire. Today the owner of the theater is Francois Pinault, businessman, billionaire, one of the most influential people in the world of contemporary art.

And the name "Theater Marigny-Robert Hossein" appeared when Robert Hossein, a famous French actor and director of Russian origin, became the artistic director of the theater.

Theater Lucernaire

The Lucernaire theater is worth a visit even for those who don't like theater. There are cinema halls, galleries and interesting restaurants where you can not only eat delicious food, but also learn how to cook yourself. This is a family-friendly place where, along with many paid events, there are always free exhibitions. It is here that you can see the French bohemia.

The theater will be of maximum interest to those who speak French and already know all the sights of Paris perfectly. This is a place for the sophisticated public, which is not the first time in Paris. And in the theater you can choose a play or a movie, and generally spend the whole day here.

The cinema in this complex shows films from different countries with French subtitles, which is very important for French learners. The repertoire of performances is built from famous plays, and new experimental productions. During the day you can watch two films and two performances here, as well as visit the exhibition.

Exhibitions open from 11:30.

Theater La Cursive

Theater La Cursive is not as popular as the Moulin Rouge, but it is on its theatrical stage that national operas, performances and concerts are held.

In addition to the masters and stately composers of France, who give concerts every season, here on the same stage they begin their theater career and young talents. Graduates of schools and universities of La Rochelle, who applied for participation in the play on time, often pass the selection and perform on the same stage with already eminent actors.

More than 1000 seats are occupied every theater season. The modern spacious hall is designed not only for performances and concerts, but is also an ideal place for watching movies. The height of the removable screen reaches 22 meters, and the depth is 12 meters.

Therefore, the La Coursive theater is a favorite vacation spot among visitors and permanent residents of the city. Over 60 circus shows, theatrical performances, music concerts and, of course, movie screenings take place here in one season.

Bouleville Theater

The Bourvil Theater is named after the French actor, singer and comedian André Bourvil. It is located in the 11th arrondissement of Paris. For connoisseurs of theatrical art, a rich program is presented here, including performances in the style of cabaret and classics.

The premises of the theater are not at all large, it is designed for 57 seats, but when meeting guests, a warm, friendly atmosphere is created. All viewers are guaranteed delight and tenderness from each theatrical eclectic work.

There is a retractable screen in the theater hall, and a portrait is watching the actions taking place on the stage. godfather theater - Andre Bourville. The main asset of the theater program is a show with the participation of one person. Young actors, comedians and playwrights of the theater are working in this direction, hoping to get recognition here, soon to realize their talent on big stages.

The creations of Jacques Ardouin, Claude Merccio, the author of "The Stranger" and "Love" Murray Schisgal, Robert Pouderou enjoy great success. For more than twenty years, the theater has been putting on productions of Arobasse, starring Arlene and George Clair.

Theater of humor and satire

Caveau de la Republique is a theater of humor and satire, located in one of the buildings at the intersection of Place de la République and Boulevard Saint-Martin. The theater team consists of five actors who present performances in the best traditions of Parisian theaters to the attention of their audience.

The auditorium has a capacity of 440 seats and is almost always filled to capacity. The audience of the theater is very diverse both in terms of age and geographic point vision. It is popular not only among the Parisians, most of the audience is made up of guests of the city. The theater's repertoire includes chanson, humorous performances, political and social satire. The sparkling talent of the artists, the magnificent atmosphere reigning in the hall, is unlikely to leave anyone indifferent. There is always sincere, sometimes crazy laughter.

Theater on Yushet street

On the left bank of Paris there is a small theater - the Theater on Rue Huchet. It was founded in 1948 and was headed by George Vitaly.

The size of the theater is quite modest - the hall is designed for only 85 spectators, but this does not prevent its popularity. Over the entire period of operation, the theater was visited by more than 1.5 million spectators.

The first "brainchild" of the theater was the production of "Albertina" by Valentino Bompiani. In 1957, the famous playwright Eugene Inesco performed brilliantly in the theater. His famous performances "La Vocalist CHAUVE" and "La Lecon" become a permanent part of the repertoire of the theater on Rue Huchet. And in 1979, these two plays set a world record for the number of performances - over 22 times. Soon, in 1952, the theater was headed by Marcel Pinard, with the arrival of which the repertoire was replenished with productions by Lorca, Ivan Turgenev, Jean Tardieu.

The theater on Yuchet Street was glorified by the unusual manner of acting by the actor Eugene Inesco. But even after the death of this great playwright, the wit and instructiveness of his plays continue to gather a full audience.

National Theater de la Collina

The National Theater de la Colline is located in the 20th arrondissement of Paris. This is one of five national theaters, entirely dedicated to classical drama. The status of the national theater and the official support of the French Ministry of Culture determine its main mission, which is to promote contemporary works and educate the public. Today, the head of the theater is Stefan Braunschweig, who replaced Alain Francon in his post.

The National Theater de la Collina was founded in 1951, but it did not become a permanent theater until nine years later. With the assistance of the Minister of Culture of France, Jack Lang, the theater received its own building, in which it is still located. The project was designed by architects Valentin Fabre and John Perot with the assistance of Alberto Cattani. The façade of the building is a 12-meter structure made of glass and metal, which gives the theater grandeur and solidity on the modest Malte-Brun street. The building is a classic representative of 1980s architecture. The interior was designed by Annie Triebel, who used an unusual technique whereby colored varnishes and impregnations emphasize the natural structure of the wood.

The theater has two halls for 750 and 200 seats. There is also a spacious hall from which you can get to the restaurant and bar.

Madeleine Theater

The Teatro Madeleine, located in central Paris, is one of the most prestigious private theaters in Paris. It was founded in 1924 by a group of theatrical figures. Throughout its history, the Madeleine Theater has collaborated with leading playwrights, providing its stage both for staging well-known works and for new plays written specifically for this theater.

Many actors who later became world stars performed on the stage of the Madeleine Theater. It is enough to name only a few names, as it becomes clear the highest level skill. This is Jean-Louis Trintignant, and Fanny Ardant, and Philippe Noiret, and Claudia Cardinale, and Charlotte Rampling, and Alain Delon, and Gerard Depardieu, and many, many outstanding French actors.

Close cooperation with the best playwrights, actors and directors, a democratic approach to the repertoire, constant creative search made the Madeleine Theater a truly unique place among the many theaters in France. This is the place where Art reigns without limits.

comedy theater

Th â tre la Grande Com die is a small private comedy theater. It is located in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, at 40 rue de Clichy. The theater is quite young - it was founded in 2005. The Grande Com die program is dedicated exclusively to comedy.

The theater has two halls: the first hall "Nice" is designed for 400 seats, and the second can accommodate about 100 guests. The double French act "The Game of Omar and Fred" brought fame and success to the theater. Over time, the number of people wishing to attend comedy performances has increased significantly. Of particular interest is the cheerful performance "The President, His Wife and Me." Young, little-known actors play in the theater, but the number of spectators gathered by them speaks for itself.

The stage and hall are well designed, which allows you to clearly see the action on the stage even from the depths of the hall and balcony. The theater has excellent acoustics. Comfortable seats are placed in such a way that they do not cause inconvenience to neighbors. Always friendly staff is ready to answer all your questions.

Th â tre la Grande Com die brings fun, laughter and joy, accompanied by wild fantasy and madness. The Great Comedy Theater is popular with adults and children.

Theater Cine 13

One of the most famous theaters in Paris is the Cine 13 Theatre. It is located in the heart of Montmartre, not far from the Moulin Rouge.

The theater was founded in the late 70s. The building was restored back in 1920, at the time when the film Edith et Marcel was being filmed.

Since 2000, the theater has been headed by Salome Lepouch, with whose arrival the program is focused on showing popular and sought-after performances, dance and musical performances, and theatrical performances. All The cultural program imbued with a spirit of innovation.

The theater hall can accommodate 120 spectators. Club chairs are installed here, which replaced the former red sofas.

On the stage of the theater, many young actors reveal their talent: Gregoire Leprince Ringuet, Mikael Chirinian.

Cine 13 Theater is the organizer annual festival"capsule housing" created by Benjamin Bellecour. Various mass cultural events, concerts, evening screenings of short films are regularly held here.

Dunois Theater

Théâtre Dunois in Paris, one of the most popular theaters for children in France since 1999, began as a small group of artists and activists who created creative association in 1977. Since the 1980s, the theater has been located in a former inn and has become a center of culture and art, where creativity flourishes in all its manifestations.

One of the main activities of the Dunois Theater is the development of musical culture, which is the best way to bring people together. Jazz sounded here in a European interpretation of North American traditions, contemporary music, rock, and other directions developed. Very often the musicians arranged surprises for their audience in the form of improvisations, and this invariably evoked an emotional and positive reaction from the audience.

On the stage of the Dunois Theater, musicians performed not only from different countries of Europe, but also from Japan, the USA, the theater has repeatedly become home to festivals, the purpose of which is to unite like-minded people and make friends. Having survived a small crisis in 1990, the theater changed its profile somewhat and the main focus shifted towards the dance genre, but the door to music world still remains open.

Zingaro Equestrian Theater

The French equestrian theater Zingaro is a theatrical circus, its performances take place in a huge big top arena. This unique theater with the participation of animals, which has become a national treasure of France and the only equestrian theater in the world. The founder of the theater and its artistic director is Bartabas.

The unchanging spirit of freedom is present in musical and plastic compositions, as if episodes independent of each other, with the participation of horses and people. The main composition of the theater troupe of artists consists of thirty graceful, thoroughbred horses with ancient names, real beauties. It is they who play the main roles in the productions.

Bartabas fills the staging of each performance with a plot with a philosophical meaning, where the plot, climax and denouement highlight important issues, certain issues. In whatever countries the Zingaro Theater toured, its theatrical and circus performances, such as “Horses of the Wind”, “Horse Cabaret”, “Battuta”, “Triptych”, Horse Opera” and others, are a real show that brings the audience into an indescribable delight.

National Theater of Chaillot

The National Theater of Chaillot is located in the right wing of the Chaillot Palace on Trocadero Square. The theater is located in one of the most picturesque places French capital, with a beautiful view of the famous Eiffel Tower. In 1975, the theater was given the status of a national theater by the French Ministry of Culture.

The building of the palace, which houses the theater, was built on the site of the Trocadero Palace by the architect brothers Jean and Edouard Niermans in 1937 for the World Exhibition in Paris. After a major renovation in 1973, the theater became one of the largest concert venues in Paris. Many famous people have worked here. French directors and actors. In honor of one of them, the famous Jean Villard, who directed the theater in the sixties of the last century, the main hall of the theater for 1250 seats was named. The other two halls, Gemier and Studio, are ready to receive 420 and 80 spectators, respectively.

Today the theater offers the audience a rich and varied repertoire, in which modern choreography occupies an important place. It regularly hosts performances by world famous dance groups, as well as frequent fashion shows with leading designers.

Poseidon Theater

One of the French water parks bears the names of national heroes - Asterix and Obelix. Built in 1989, just thirty kilometers from Paris, a huge amusement park is a favorite place for recreation and entertainment. Every year, the descendants of the great Gauls and their many guests are happy to go on a small exciting journey through time.

Among the many attractions, the so-called Poseidon Theater is very popular. This is a wonderful dolphinarium, during a visit to which you can not only admire the magnificent performance of the charming inhabitants of the deep sea, but even swim with them in the pool. In the lower tier, one of the walls is made of special glass, thanks to which visitors can watch the graceful underwater "pas" of dolphin actors.

Theater "La Cite Internationale"

The main value of the Theater "La Cite Internationale", whose activities are devoted to various areas of art, is the artist as a creator of beauty. Theater, dance, music, and even a circus are concentrated here. The focus is on the process of constant creativity, from conception to rehearsals. At the same time, the viewer is, as it were, an accomplice in this process, an assistant to the artist. That is why the actors are in constant contact with their audience.

In its activities, the theater uses the principle of an interdisciplinary approach, is on a constant balance between traditional methods and modern, often more radical ones. Young people are actively involved in the work, sometimes completely unknown artists. While visiting this theater, the viewer has the opportunity to plunge into the cycle of events, premieres, festivals. This is a chance for creative youth, a kind of launching pad.

Dance and Music Theater

The Theater of Dance and Music, or the DTM Center, is a creative space designed to get acquainted with various areas of world culture. Among the activities of the Theater are education and training for amateur and professional creative teams, staging entertainment programs, as well as the study and exchange of experience in the field of art and culture.

Located in the central part of Paris, on one of the narrow, quiet streets, the theater was opened in 1979. According to the initiators of its creation, it was supposed to become a place that unites representatives various kinds arts - dance, music and theater. There is a wonderful atmosphere of creativity here, and the staff of the DTM Center is happy to welcome their visitors, offering them regular classes, courses and entertainment programs.

Theater "Polar Star"

The history of the theater, whose name is translated from French as " polar Star", began with a youth acting group, which in 1979 was looking for a place to rehearse. At first it was not easy, and the guys performed at various venues. Gradually, gaining fame, the troupe got a small room at its disposal - and so began the history of the theater "L "Etoile du Nord".

The main repertoire is devoted to youth, besides, much attention is paid to the dance component. The theater team includes artists, choreographers, actors, dancers, singers and musicians, many of whom came to France from different countries. This "motley" company is in constant creative search, giving preference to the works of contemporary authors and original novelties. One of the main directions is to expand the horizons of young people through the language of dramaturgy and choreography.

The theater team is actively involved in public life, its employees hold various seminars, presentations in schools, associations, nursing homes and even hospitals.

Theater on the Champs Elysees

The Champs-Elysées Theater is located in Paris, on Avenue Montaigne. The initiative to create the theater belongs to the entrepreneur G. Astruk. The theater building was erected in 1913, designed by its architects, the Perret brothers. The architecture of the building combines the features of Art Deco and Classicism styles; it was built of reinforced concrete and lined with marble. Many famous singers, ballet performers and actors performed on the stage of the theater.

In 1913, the scandalous premiere of I. Stravinsky's ballet "The Rite of Spring" took place on the stage of the theater. IN different years F.I. Chaliapin, A.P. Pavlova, ballet troupe S.P. Diaghilev with tour performances "Russian Seasons", Isadora Duncan and many others. Concerts were held here outstanding composer, conductor and pianist S.V. Rachmaninov. Louis Jouvet, who directed the theater from 1924 to 1934, staged performances here based on the plays by J. Giraudoux, J. Romain, M. Achard. Later, various directors worked in the theater. Beginning in 1944, plays by predominantly French authors were staged here.

The theater consists of three rooms: the Theater on the Champs Elysées, the Comedy of the Champs Elysees and the Studio of the Champs Elysees. The interior of the theater is decorated with paintings and frescoes, decorated with statues. The theater has a restaurant. Every year, the theater receives about 300,000 spectators. There are operas, concerts, ballet performances, performances of philharmonic and symphony orchestras.

Theater "Golden Hand"

Theater Le Theater de la Main d'Or (" golden hand”) is a popular theater both among the Parisians themselves and among tourists. The theater presents to the audience modern productions that are suitable for a wide range spectators.

The most popular performance of the theater is the mono-performance "How to become a Parisian in an hour?" Olivier Giraud - caused a wide response in the hearts of the audience.

The theater is a chamber institution designed for 585 seats, which are comfortably complemented by soft red pillows. In the theater buffet you can buy soft drinks, snacks, wine and beer are offered to guests from alcohol. There is air conditioning in the hall.

It is noteworthy that the theater shows shows not only in French, but also in English.

Theater "Odeon"

The Odeon Theater is one of the six national theaters in France. The word "Odeon" from the ancient Greek language is translated as "a place for performances." The theater building, made in the style of classicism, is located on the left bank of the Seine River, next to the Luxembourg Gardens. The construction of the theater was in the period 1779-1782.

The construction of the theater building glorified the then young French architect Charles de Vailly, whom Empress Catherine II called to St. Petersburg to head the Academy of Architecture. Grand opening theater took place in 1782 and was headed by Queen Marie Antoinette. In this theater, the premieres of the plays "The Marriage of Figaro" and "Crazy Day" were presented.

Theater "Odeon" in 1990 received the status of "theater of Europe", becoming a member of the Union of Theaters of Europe. The theater has a library, as well as an archive of video materials related to the activities of the theater.

Theater "Tambour-Royal"

The Tambour-Royal Theater dates back to 1850. Initially, the theater was located in a small room of rather modest size, with a gallery surrounded by a garden, part of which has survived to this day. In 1897, with the advent of a new director, the area of ​​the theater was significantly increased, and a theater school was opened in the building, which functioned until 1924.

After a major reconstruction, the old theater reopened its doors to the audience in the autumn of 1988 and was renamed the Royal Drum Cabaret, and all that remains of the old building are fragments of frescoes that decorated the stage and the auditorium. After standing for more than six decades, the theater began to live a new life and regained its former popularity.

Theater Fontaine

In France, namely in its very heart - in Paris, there is a small theater called Fontaine. This unremarkable five-story building, however, is very important for local residents.

It is here that the creative development of the Parisian youth takes place. In addition to various exhibitions, performances, concerts and festivals, Theater Fontaine teaches theater skills. No matter who you are or how old you are, this place gives you the opportunity to try yourself as an actor.

On the territory of the theater there is a small cozy cafe, which can be rented for celebrations: birthdays, anniversaries and others. Spacious bright halls, paved with snow-white tiles, are conducive to collective creative work. In the main hall, on a large stage, all possible performances are held, both by experienced artists and beginners.

Theater "Astral"

Theater "Astral" is located near the center of Paris, in the heart of the picturesque Bois de Vincennes. The theater's repertoire includes a rich selection of bright and exciting shows intended mainly for children over the age of three.

In addition to its own productions, the Astral Theater regularly arranges performances by creative teams from other cities and countries in order to offer its young fans the widest possible range of experiences. In addition, the theater troupe actively tours France and European countries, performs at various festivals and theater forums. Traveling performances are held even in schools and libraries - in this way art becomes accessible to the widest possible range of viewers.

Theater de la Ville

In Paris, on the Place de la Chatelet, there is a theater contemporary dance Theater de La Ville, which means Theater de la Ville. Previously, the theater had whole line Names: The Lyric Theatre, then the Theater of the Palais des Nations, soon the Theater of Sarah Bernhardt. The theater acquired its current name in 1968.

The construction of the theater began in the 19th century for Baron Osman. The architect was Gabriel Davioud. The auditorium of the theater can accommodate 987 guests. Musical performances always attract a large number of spectators. The theater is also visited by foreign guests from Belgium, England and Holland.

On the huge stage of the Théâtre de la Ville, such famous choreographers like Pina Bausch, Jan Fabre, Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker, Merce Cunningham, and also Caroline Carlson. These talents brought freedom of the spirit in dance to theater.

The peculiarity of dance performances is that they are characterized by unstructured movements and the creation of extraordinary images. The stage, equipped with the latest technical innovations, makes it possible to create provocative shows that stun the audience /

The Theater de La Ville is a favorite place for connoisseurs dance art, so those wishing to get here - you need to buy a subscription in advance.

Variety Theater

The Variety Theater is located in the second arrondissement of Paris on the Boulevard Montmartre. In 1803, the theater was expelled from the Royal Palace by Napoleon. According to the emperor, the classical repertoire of French comedy could not coexist with vulgar vaudeville productions.

The head of the theater, Mademoiselle Montansier, together with her troupe, moved her own building, which was built especially for her by the architect Sellier. The Variety Theater is a narrow façade in the style of a classical Greek temple. Its facade is decorated with several rows of slender Ionic and Doric columns that support an elegant triangular pediment.

At one time, the Variety Theater became famous for its masquerade balls, which gathered the most diverse audience - actresses, students, proletarians, whores. Many representatives of the nobility and aristocracy attended the performances of Mademoiselle Montansier. Of course, incognito. Musard was the manager of balls-orgies. This violinist, conductor and author of dance melodies first staged the can-can. It was danced on the stage of the theater in 1832, when almost all of Paris outside the theater was engulfed in a cholera epidemic. Scandalous dances were replaced by Offenbach with his operettas, which later became classics. musical genre. In almost all productions, the famous Hortense Schneider, Offenbach's favorite, who considered the Variety to be her home, took part.

Theater Opera Comic

In 1715, in Paris, the troupe Gauthier de Saint-Edme and Catherine Baron founded the Opéra Comique, intended for staging comic operas in French. The theater enjoyed the greatest popularity among the audience in the middle of the 18th century, when the leaders were Jean Monnet and Charles Simon Favard.

In the 19th century, the theater became one of the centers national culture, there are premieres of famous world operas, such as "Carmen" by Georges Bizet, Ambroise Thomas, Francois Aubert, Jules Massenet. On this stage, the cantata "The Condemnation of Faust" by Hector Berlioz is performed for the first time. In the period 1973-1990, it was also an opera studio Paris Opera where many young singers, conductors and directors work. A significant event was the premiere of the opera "Pelléas et Mélisande" by Claude Debussy (April 30, 1902).

The current building of the Opéra Comique is located on Place Boildieu, in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. Its construction was completed in 1898, in accordance with the project, architect Louis Bernier.

Musical Theater Marsolan

The Theater de la Marsolan is a relatively new musical theater in Paris and is located near the Place de la Nation. The theater opened in November 2008, but has already managed to establish itself well and get many admirers of its performances. In the theater of the Musical Marsolan lovers musical art can watch both serious operas and music concerts, performances of dance groups, funny music shows for children.

The theater often hosts various festivals not only among French performers but also on a global scale. The theater always strives for something new, each season offers new, interesting musical performances and shows, tries to invite famous artists and, of course, always waits for its audience.

Theater "Guichet Montparnasse"

Theater "Guichet Montparnasse" one of the youngest theaters in Paris, located a few steps from the street Gaite. Compared to nearby theaters, the sixty-seat Guichet Montparnasse venues seem tiny. One after another in one evening at 19-00, 20-30 and 22-00 in the theater there are performances. Basically, these are works of modern art.

Over the fifty years of its existence, the theater has established itself as a pioneer of young talents. It is from here that stars come out as part of the writing, acting and directing activities, unrecognized by the public in other theaters. The theater "Guichet Montparnasse" has a permanent student support program. A group of 10-12 people is recruited monthly, for whom educational lectures and seminars are held with the possibility of subsequent performances on the stage of the theater.

Heberto Theater

The Heberto Theatre, located at 78 Boulevard Batignolles. Initially, in 1830, the theater was founded in the suburbs - the village of Botignols. But soon, in 1907, with the active development of Paris, the theater became popular and received a second name - "Theater of the Arts" (Theater Des Arts).

The current name of the theater was given in honor of the playwright and journalist Jacques Hbertot, who headed it in 1940.

The theater has a hall that can accommodate 630 spectators. The hall is made in the Italian style, headed by directors Daniel and Pierre Franck since 2003. They continued the work of Jacques Hbertot - they kept the principle of a live show. In 2009, a small hall was opened - Petit-Hebertot, whose artistic director is Xavier Jaillard. The hall is designed for 110 people.

The peculiarity of the theater is that it is one of the few Parisian theaters where shows and productions are dubbed not only in their native French, but also in English.

Since 1974, the Heberto Theater has been classified as a historical monument.

Comedie Francaise Theater

Comédie Francaise is the oldest theater in France. It is located in the very center of the capital at the corner of Rue de Richelieu and Place du Palais Royale. The theater is a repertory theater and is funded by the government. The founding date of the "Comédie Française" is considered to be the year 1680, when Louis XIV issued a decree. "Comedy Francaise" united in itself former Theater Molière and the Burgundy Hotel Theatre.

This theater was one of the first where the concepts of acting partnership were applied. All income received by the theater was divided among the actors and other members of the partnership.

The Comedie Francaise theater has never been afraid of experiments. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he completely switched to the director's type. Since the beginning of the last century, the theater has not been afraid to stage the most daring productions.

Theater "Saint-Germain"

Theater "Saint-Germain" is located on the left bank of the Seine, almost in the heart of Paris. At the beginning of the twentieth century, bright theatrical performances according to the works of the best playwrights, and today the building is gradually being revived and becomes the center for various business events. The baroque building literally breathes history.

The theater building Saint-Germain can accommodate up to 350 guests. A few years ago it was restored and turned into a cozy hall for receptions both on a national scale and private events - press conferences, gala dinners, secular parties. The interior space is divided into two levels, and the expressive interior is decorated in a historical style.

Ession Theater

The Essaion Theater is one of the many theaters in Paris that offer its audiences the production of classics and works by contemporary playwrights. Creative groups from other cities and countries regularly perform here, experimental performances are staged with the participation of famous directors.

Almost every performance is an explosive cocktail of stories and scenery that mixes before the eyes of the audience. The repertoire of the theater also includes musical performances, which are accompanied by virtuoso performances. Great attention is paid to the youth audience. Here you can spend an unforgettable evening, enjoying the triumph of theatrical art.

Theater des Bouffes du Nord

The Theater des Bouffes du Nord opened its doors for the first time in 1885. The theater was not very popular with the Parisians until, in 1974, the famous British director Peter Brook took patronage over it. Under his leadership, furniture was restored in the theater auditorium and restored the entire interior of the XIX century.

The Theater des Bouffes du Nord today is a magnificent old palace that allows art lovers to plunge into the life of the Parisian intelligentsia. Mostly not tourists come here, but the Parisians themselves.

Performances in this theater are different every month, but the whole month is proclaimed as the month of one performance. Tickets can be booked in advance on the theatre's website. The cost of tickets is extremely budgetary for Paris - from 20 euros.

Comedy Theater Des 3 Bornes

The Comedie Des 3 Bornes theater was opened in 2004 with the participation of three popular French actors - Guillaume Bouchedet, Sebastian Castro and Melian Mercaggi. The theater consists of three different-sized halls, which showcase the best comedy performances.

Currently, the art directors of the theater are Nikolay Lumbreras, Constance Place and Valkentina Revel-Muroz, who determine the artistic appearance of the theater.

Among the best productions of the theater are "60 degrees" (J. Franco, J. Pazza), "Exhibits" (J. Franco), "Teenagers" (O. Solivier) and many others. The repertoire of the theater is constantly updated with new original productions.

Theater "Athenay Louis Jouvet"

Theater "Athenay Louis Jouvet" is located in Paris, France. It was opened in 1883, originally was called "Eden". In 1893 the theater was closed, rebuilt and reopened. It became known as the Théâtre de la Comédie-Parisien. The theater received its current name "Atenei" in 1896. The theater bears the name of the famous French actor and director Louis Jouvet, who directed it from 1934 to 1951.

In the 19th century, such scandalous productions as Wagner's Lohengrin and Oscar Wilde's Salome took place on the stage of the theater. In the first half of the 20th century, Louis Jouvet staged plays by Molière, J. Giraudoux, P. Claudel, M. Agsara on the stage of the Athenay Theatre. The most successful productions were Moliere's School for Wives, Jules Romain's Knock, or the Triumph of Medicine. In the 1970s, the theater was directed by Pierre Bergé. other performers.

Since 1993 Patrice Martinet has been the head of the Ateney Theatre. In 1996, the theater was renovated, making it even more beautiful and comfortable. The theater building is considered a historical monument. The theater repertoire harmoniously combines tradition and modernity. Performances, operas, operettas and concerts are successfully held on its stage.

Châtelet Theater

The Chatelet theater is located on the square of the same name in the first arrondissement of Paris. It was built on the site of a former prison in 1862. The first performance was the play "Rothomago", which was performed in the presence of Empress Eugenia. In the early years, the Châtelet Theater was called the Imperial Theater Circus. The year 1909 was marked by a series of performances "Russian Seasons" by Sergei Diaghilev.

Theater Chatelet has the largest auditorium in the capital of France. During full houses, the theater can accommodate up to 3,400 classical music lovers. Here they mainly show opera and play classics. The theater is also famous for hosting France's annual Cesar Film Awards.

La Cible Theater

Theater La Cible is another point on the theatrical map of Paris. People come here in search of humor and good mood. Bright shows with the participation of young actors, accompanied by a wonderful musical arrangement no one will be left indifferent. The Little Theatre, founded in 1997, is located in the heart of the entertainment district of Pigalle, where numerous cabarets and entertainment venues are concentrated.

The auditorium is small - it can accommodate only about fifty spectators, thanks to which the feeling of intimacy and comfort does not disappear. Most of the programs here are in French, but comedy shows are often held in English. The main emphasis in the repertoire of the La Cible theater is on the humorous component - they are sure that comedy is in no way inferior to the great dramatic art, but is a wonderful way of expressing important thoughts and feelings. The young theater team makes every effort to make entertainment not only easy and enjoyable, but also to make the viewer think about the most important things.

Theater "Two donkeys"

The theater, whose name is translated from the French "Two donkeys", is located just a few tens of meters from the famous cabaret "Moulin Rouge". Its history dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, when a certain Mr. Stein came to Paris from the provinces, intending to open a cabaret on the Boulevard Clichy.

The name of the first institution, opened in 1910, was not very euphonious, and the public was not particularly eager to come here. And despite the subsequent renaming, the cabaret and puppet theater did not gain much popularity. The need for serious reforms became obvious. For several years, the owners unsuccessfully tried to find new forms of attracting visitors, and in 1922 it was decided to sell the theater.

The new owners puzzled for a long time over how to name their offspring, and somehow accidentally called themselves donkeys because they couldn’t think of anything. That is how the name stuck. From that moment began new life theater, and success was not long in coming. Sparkling humor and good mood are the main companions of this theatre, which has not betrayed its audience for several decades now.

Island of the City, Paris, France

The French Enlightenment by the second half of the 18th century entered its highest and decisive stage. The sharp aggravation of social contradictions, expressed in open bourgeois opposition to absolutism and in a number of popular unrest, the unsuccessful foreign policy of the French government and the peace of 1748, which was disastrous for France, contributed to the emergence of a pre-revolutionary situation in the country. The ideological exponents of the revolutionary social "force" were the materialist philosophers, who subjected to ruthless criticism "all the political, social and cultural establishments of the absolutist state. These were people who, according to Engels' definition, "enlightened the French heads for the approaching revolution."

The main distinguishing feature of the French dramaturgy and theater of the 18th century was their combative ideological orientation and journalistic sharp, agitational tone. The militant character of the French Enlightenment manifested itself with particular force in the theater, educating the masses of the third estate in an anti-feudal spirit for almost the entire century and contributing to the revolutionary overthrow of absolutism.

The development of enlightenment in France did not take place in peaceful conditions, as it was in post-revolutionary England, but in an atmosphere of exacerbation of class contradictions, during the period of consolidation of the entire mass of the third estate for a joint revolutionary action against the feudal-noble state.

The French bourgeoisie had to oppose the very state to which in the past it not only voluntarily submitted, but to the strengthening of which it itself in the 17th century greatly contributed. Bringing the bourgeois elite closer to itself, rebuilding them in an aristocratic way, Forming "mantle nobles" from the bourgeoisie, absolutism thereby weakened the bourgeoisie as a class as a whole. The French bourgeoisie throughout the entire 17th century remained a class deprived of all political rights, for the most part retaining the disenfranchised state of the medieval tax-paying class.

The first decades did not bring with them to the area dramatic art nothing significant: the theaters lived mainly on the old repertoire. What many modern playwrights wrote (Lafosse, Lamotte, Pradon, Campistron, Lagrange-Chansel) was a conscientious, but extremely pale repetition of well-known models. It seemed to the epigones of classicism that they did not need to study either social life or human soul. It is enough to borrow a plot from one of the ancient writers, learn the secrets of composition, learn the art of sonorous rhymes - and a sublime drama worthy of the works of Corneille and Racine will be born by itself.

Among the countless number of such stillborn creations, the tragedies of Prosper Joliot de Crebillon (1674-1762) certainly stood out. For all the conventions of their subjects, they were modern in their own way.

The process of democratization of society in the Age of Enlightenment brought to life a new dramatic genre - bourgeois drama, the creators of which in France were D. Diderot, M. J. Seden, L. S. Mercier. The petty-bourgeois drama marked the victory of enlightenment realism, bringing the themes of dramaturgy works closer to everyday reality.

Particularly indicative in this regard was the genre of "tearful comedy", whose creators P. K. Nivelle de Lachosset and F. Detouche, combining the principles of classic comedy and English petty-bourgeois drama, tried to compromise in their plays the contradictions between the nobles and the bourgeoisie. The shortcomings of petty-bourgeois drama and "tearful comedy" were overcome in P. O. Beaumarchais's comedies The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figaro (1784), in which Molière's traditions came to life with renewed vigor and the best features of enlightenment aesthetics were embodied.

The heroic and civic aspirations of educational dramaturgy were revealed with the greatest force during the period of the French bourgeois revolution at the end of the 18th century. The tragedies of M. J. Chenier, imbued with anti-feudal pathos ("Charles IX", 1789, "Henry VIII", 1791, "Jean Calas", 1791, "Kai Gracchus", 1792), were examples of the dramaturgy of revolutionary classicism.

In France, the philosopher-educator Voltaire, addressing in his dramaturgy to burning social issues and denouncing despotism, continued to develop the genre of tragedy.

At the same time, the comedic-satirical tradition was maintained on the French stage. So, Lesage (1668-1747) in the comedy "Turcare" criticized not only the decaying nobility, but also the usurious bourgeoisie. He aspired to create comedies for the mass folk theatre.

Another educator and playwright, Denis Diderot (1713-1784), defended truth and naturalness on stage. In addition to a number of plays ("Bad Son", "Father of the Family", etc.), Diderot wrote a treatise "The Paradox of the Actor", where he developed the theory of acting.

Along with Voltaire, Diderot was the all-encompassing genius of his age. He self-taught reached the heights of modern science and was engaged in the most diverse branches of the title. Diderot knew mathematics very well and wrote mathematical treatises; he studied medicine and compiled one of the first textbooks on physiology; he was one of the founders materialistic theory knowledge; he wrote treatises on economics; he visited Parisian art exhibitions from year to year and gave reports about them that determined new stage in understanding the essence of fine art; excellent literary works and among them the best, most thoughtful and truthful book of the century, the ingenious Rameau's Nephew, which received high praise from Goethe, Hegel and Marx. Diderot, finally, was the indefatigable editor of the Encyclopedia and wrote articles for it on a wide variety of topics, from an article on beauty to a note on how Lille weavers weave linen. And this man, with all his inherent passion and energy, devoted himself to the theater. Even in one of his earliest stories, in "Indiscreet Jewels", Diderot began to criticize court classicism. Then the philosopher wrote serious comedies one after another - "Bate Son" (1757) and "Father of the Family" (1758), which were preceded by two theoretical works: "Conversations about the "Bate Son" and the treatise "On Dramatic Poetry". the mature period of Diderot's activity, he wrote "The Paradox of the Actor".

Diderot was friends with Garrick, was closely associated with Clairon and the actress of the Italian Commedia Riccoboni, with whom he corresponded on matters of stage acting; he also wrote letters on the same subject to the young actress Warsaw theater Joden. Love for the theater, which accompanied Diderot all his life, did not leave him in his old age. A few years before his death, the philosopher wrote a cheerful comedy "He is good or bad."

The motto of all the truly titanic activities of Diderot was the phrase: "Reasonable people like only the real world." No matter how bad the surrounding reality, Diderot still passionately loved life and unshakably believed in the strength of man. Without this, all his educational work would not have made sense.

Diderot, like all enlighteners, idealized bourgeois relations, not understanding their antagonistic nature, but this idealization was quite sincere and objectively natural in the social conditions of the 18th century. Diderot defended bourgeois development because he considered it beneficial for all members of society, and not just for the wealthy, for the rich. The great philosopher-educator saw further and deeper than the class interests of the bourgeoisie demanded. Fighting for a new, bourgeois society, he hoped that class privileges and social inequality would not resurrect in it in a new form. Diderot expressed the democratic side of the bourgeois spiritual emancipation of the 18th century, the common aspirations of all sections of the third estate, and was sure that the coming bourgeois society would be a society of equality and freedom.

In the educational, rebellious, revolutionary literature of France of the 18th century, the comedies of Beaumarchais occupied one of the main places in terms of the power of influence on the masses.

In the comedy "The Barber of Seville" Beaumarchais brought out for the first time the image of the resourceful plebeian Figaro, a simple servant, a tireless exposer of the feudal system. In his second comedy - "The Marriage of Figaro" in a conflict with a nobleman, the dexterous Figaro emerges victorious. Never before had such impudent speeches about the existing social regime been heard from the French stage.

In the center of both comedies is an active, witty man from the people, whose struggle for his personal and civic dignity was a vivid manifestation of the critical attitude of the masses to social arbitrariness, moral licentiousness. noble society on the eve of the revolution. The comedies of Beaumarchais possessed tremendous power of satirical denunciation, bright optimism, and revolutionary temperament.

Great changes were observed at that time in the game of the best French actors: Michel Baron (1653-1729) and his follower Adrienne Lecouvreur (1692-1730). They sought to overcome the declamatory style of classicism and approach the natural manner of speech even in classic tragedy.

In the staging of Voltaire's enlightening tragedies, actors of a new type came to the fore, capable of expressing the civic pathos of heroic and accusatory themes.

A large place in the development of the theater of the Enlightenment in France was occupied by fairground and boulevard theaters. The genre of the fair theater was pantomime, farces, morality, fastachtshpils, the performances of which were based on the art of improvisation. These were often satirical performances, with elements of the grotesque and buffoonery, filled with rude humor. Rope dancers, jugglers, trained animals - the prototypes of circus actors - also performed at the fairs. They made extensive use of parody and satire. The democratic nature of this art provoked attacks on it by privileged theaters.

In the age of Enlightenment, the plots of harlequinades were scooped up in the plays of A.R. Lesage, whose name is associated with the flourishing of the fair theater. With the development of capitalism, the fair theater fell into decay. On the basis of folk French theater from the middle of the 18th century theaters of the boulevards arose, playing genre everyday plays based on modern material, often of an entertaining nature, with a love affair, necessarily generally understandable and designed for a wide audience. The first such theaters were built by entrepreneurs of fair theaters (J.B. Nicole on the Boulevard Temple, 1759, the theater "Fonambuhl", where since 1819 the mime J.B. Debureau worked).

However, it was the fairground and boulevard scenes that prepared a number of new genres, which then contributed to the development of the theater in the era of the French Revolution of 1789-1793.

Giving overall rating French drama at the beginning of the 18th century, it is easy to see that its reactionary and epigone orientation was an expression of the nobility-protective ideology. Realistic tendencies, manifested in the work of even such moderate writers as Regnard and Dancourt, led to criticism modern society. This criticism, expressed sharply and directly, contributed to the birth of the first French satirical comedy of the 18th century - Le Sage's "Turcaret", which had already come close to that accusatory dramaturgy that would be approved by the writers of the Enlightenment, from Voltaire to Beaumarchais.